Abstract Fast Dissolving/Disintegrating Dosage Forms (FDDFs) are formulated and developed for immediate drug delivery, quicker onset of action, and/or as age appropriate dosage forms meant for special populations like paediatrics, , psychotic, dysphagic, and frequent traveller patients. FDDFs family include tablets (FDTs), oral films (FDOF), mini tablets, capsules, pellets, granules etc. FDDFs dissolve/disintegrate quickly in saliva resulting in solution/suspension for oral ingestion and thereby eliminate the need for water for swallowing the dosage form.FDTs market, in regions of US, Europe, and Japan, grew more than $8.4 billion in 2011 and is expected to reach to $12 billion globally by 2018[1]. FDOF market is expected to attain $1 billion mark in 2015 [1]. FDDFs have successfully entered in Pharmacopoeia as Orally Disintegrating Tablets (US and Japan) or Orodispersible Tablets (ODT or OD Tablet) [Europe and Japan] and orodispersible films (ODF) [Europe].FDDFs have recently shifted their focus beyond immediate release FDDFs to controlled/sustained release FDDFs forphytopharmaceuticals and traditional medicines. Quicker dissolution/disintegration of FDDFs and use of low compression forces or methods of shaping tablets/dosage forms without compression have led them to propagate in sustained/controlled release drug products e.g. Prevacid Solutab delayed release ODT (Takeda, US), lansoprazole delayed release ODT (Sandoz, US), ambroxol hydrochloride sustained release OD tablets (Sawai, Japan & Nipro Corporation, Japan) . Sustained/controlled release FDDFs reduce dosing frequency, provide better maintenance of therapeutic levels, improve patient convenience and patient compliance. Furthermore, use of low compression and compression-less tablet technologies are helpful in maintaining shape and structural integrity of controlled release microparticules incorporated into FDTs. NeosTherapeutics (www.neostx.com) and Patheon (www.patheon.com) are independently developing Rapidly Disintegrating Ionic Masking™ (RDIM™) technology and a proprietary controlled release technology based on ion-exchange resins, respectively. FDDFs have been employedfor successful oral delivery of nutraceuticals, phytopharmaceuticals, herbal extracts and traditional medicines. EZ Melts® (http://www.ezmelts.com)is a drug delivery platformdeveloped bySolara Labs (Florida, US) for vitamins (B1, B6, B complex, B6, C, D3, H, K2, multivitamins), minerals (zinc, iron, chromium), coenzymes (Pyridoxal-phosphate, Coenzyme Q10, biotin) and other molecules like lutein, l-theanine, lactoferrin, beta-glucan, methylfolate. Quite recently, we have witnessed an attempt to manufacturefast-dissolving core-shell composite microparticles of quercetin (a phytopharmaceutical) by coaxial electrospray process [2]. In 2008, apoly-herbal drug product Res-Q FDTswas introduced in Indian marketby Asoka Life (India) for treatment of asthma, COPD and other lung problems. AbbiesWebiana, a traditional Indian medicine, is one of its key components(https://asokalife.wordpress.com). Some of these interesting attempts of FDDFs in traditional medicines are presented in Table 1. FDTs, initially manufactured by freeze drying technologies, have now advanced towards cheaper and cost-effective direct compression methods and the whole credit goes to the availability of newer grades of excipients and coprocessed excipients. Fillers, binders and disintegrants play critical role in formulating FDTs by compression technologies. New coprocessed excipients have been developed to combine multiple functionalities so that they can be used in direct compression to prepare FDTs e.g. Prosolv® ODT, Parteck® ODT, PanExcea® ODT MC 200G, Pearlitol® Flash, Ludiflash®, F-melt®, Disintequik™ ODT etc. Disintegrants have been advanced to more efficient superdisintegrants like sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, croscarmellose etc to to achieve faster disintegration/dissolution of FDTs. Taste masking agents are essential in formulating FDTs of bitter drugs. IERs, EudragitE/EPO and aqueous coatings are available to suppress bitter taste. Controlled release polymers are used to achieve sustained/controlled release profile in formulating FDTs. Film forming polymers like HPMC, pullulan, maltodextrin have been used in formulating FDOFs.