Low-carbohydrate Diet Research Articles

Sex- and Age-Specific Differences in Mice Fed a Ketogenic Diet.

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that results in the elevation of serum ketone bodies, known as ketosis. This metabolic consequence has been suggested as a method for treating neurological conditions, improving exercise performance, and facilitating weight loss for overweight individuals. However, since most research primarily uses male populations, little is known about the potential sex differences during the consumption of the KD. In addition, the effects of the KD on aging are relatively unexplored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore sex- and age-specific differences in mice fed the KD. Male and female C57BL/6N mice at either 12 wks or 24 wks of age were randomly assigned to a KD (90% fat, 1% carbohydrate) or chow (13% fat, 60% carbohydrate) group for 6 wks. KD induced weight gain, increased adiposity, induced hyperlipidemia, caused lipid accumulation in the heart and liver, and led to glycogen depletion in the heart, liver, and muscle with varying degrees of changes depending on age and sex. While younger and older male mice on the KD were prone to glucose intolerance, the KD acutely improved rotarod performance in younger females. Overall, this study highlights potential sex and aging differences in the adaptation to the KD.

Efficacy of the Mediterranean Diet Containing Different Macronutrients on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the typical Mediterranean diet (TMD), low-carbohydrate Mediterranean diet (LCMD), and low-fat Mediterranean diet (LFMD) on biochemical findings, fatty liver index (FLI), anthropometric measurements, and body composition in individuals with obesity with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance. This study included 63 participants with obesity with insulin resistance diagnosed with NAFLD by ultrasonography to investigate the effects of an 8-week energy-restricted TMD, LCMD, and LFMD on biochemical findings, FLI, fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), anthropometric measurements, and body composition. Patients were randomized into three groups and were interviewed face-to-face every week. According to the food consumption records (baseline end), the difference in the amount of sucrose and total fat consumed in the TMD group; the difference in energy intake from sucrose, monounsaturated fatty acids, and oleic acid in the LCMD group; and the difference in energy intake from fiber, sucrose, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol in the LFMD group showed significant correlations with liver enzymes and FLI (p < 0.05). In conclusion, although it has a different macronutrient composition, the Mediterranean diet may positively affect biochemical parameters and FLI in individuals with NAFLD, albeit in different ways.

Factors Associated with the Practice of Low-Carb and Low-Fat Diets among Participants of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

In the field of nutrition, both low-carbohydrate (LCD) and low-fat (LFD) diets were initially intended for specific subgroups but are now being embraced by the broader population for various purposes, including aesthetics and overall health. This study aims to assess sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle factors influencing diet choices among public servants in the ELSA-Brasil cohort. Diets were classified as LCD or LFD based on the Brazilian Diabetes Society (<45%) and WHO guidelines (<30%) respectively. A total of 11,294 participants were evaluated (45.3% men; 54.7% women) with a mean age of 52 ± 0.08 years. Having overweight, altered waist circumference, and a history of smoking confers higher chances of adopting an LCD compared to the usual diet, while being over 52 years, non-White race/skin color, in a lower income stratum, and having diagnosis of hypertension and/or diagnosis of diabetes mellitus decrease these chances. Regarding LFDs, belonging to the non-White race/skin color, being over 52 years old, being divorced, and practicing low physical activity decrease the chances of following such a diet compared to the usual diet. In conclusion, factors like age, socioeconomic status, health, and physical activity levels can be the key to understanding why individuals choose restrictive diets beyond clinical advice.

Gut-derived appetite hormones do not explain energy intake differences in humans following low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diets.

The objective of this study was to explore how dietary macronutrient composition influences postprandial appetite hormone responses and subsequent energy intake. A total of 20 adults (mean [SEM], age 30 [1] years, BMI 27.8 [1.3] kg/m2, n = 8 with normal weight, n = 6 with overweight, n = 6 with obesity) consumed a low-fat (LF) diet (10% fat, 75% carbohydrate) and a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet (10% carbohydrate, 75% fat) for 2 weeks each in an inpatient randomized crossover design. At the end of each diet, participants consumed isocaloric macronutrient-representative breakfast test meals, and 6-h postprandial responses were measured. Ad libitum energy intake was measured for the rest of the day. The LC meal resulted in greater mean postprandial plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1; LC: 6.44 [0.78] pg/mL, LF: 2.46 [0.26] pg/mL; p < 0.0001), total glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP; LC: 578 [60] pg/mL, LF: 319 [37] pg/mL; p = 0.0004), and peptide YY (PYY; LC: 65.6 [5.6] pg/mL, LF: 50.7 [3.8] pg/mL; p = 0.02), whereas total ghrelin (LC: 184 [25] pg/mL, LF: 261 [47] pg/mL; p = 0.0009), active ghrelin (LC: 91 [9] pg/mL, LF: 232 [28] pg/mL; p < 0.0001), and leptin (LC: 26.9 [6.5] ng/mL, LF: 35.2 [7.5] ng/mL; p = 0.01) were lower compared with LF. Participants ate more during LC at lunch (244 [85] kcal; p = 0.01) and dinner (193 [86] kcal; p = 0.04), increasing total subsequent energy intake for the day compared with LF (551 [103] kcal; p < 0.0001). In the short term, endogenousgut-derived appetite hormones do not necessarily determine ad libitum energy intake.

Larval diet impacts black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) thermal tolerance and preference.

Thermal tolerance and preference are key parameters impacting agricultural production systems. In this study, the impact of larval diet on black soldier fly thermal tolerance and preference across life-stages and sexes was examined. Larvae were fed either a low-protein high-carbohydrate synthetic diet (i.e., P7C35), a high-protein low-carbohydrate synthetic diet (i.e., P35C7), or the Gainesville diet (i.e., C) as a control and reference. Our results demonstrate that the impacts of larval diet on black soldier fly thermal tolerance and preference could be stage and sex specific. The mean heat knockdown temperatures (HKT) ranged between 46.6 and 47.9 °C. Synthetic diets resulted in greater HKT and the difference decreased form larvae (e.g., ∼1 °C) to adults (e.g., ∼0.2 °C). The mean chill-coma recovery time (CCRT) ranged between 8.3 and 21.6 min. Not much differences were detected between diets, but CCRT became longer from larvae to adults. The mean thermal preference ranged between 13.6 and 29.5 °C. Larvae fed synthetic diets preferred much lower temperatures than the control diet. A bimodal distribution was observed for adults regardless of sex. Differences on body mass, lipid, and protein contents were detected among diets; however, more research should be done before any conclusions can be linked to their thermal traits. These findings highlight the importance of considering the ingredients and nutritional makeup of larval diets when optimizing temperature management protocols for mass production of black soldier flies. Conversely, specific diets can be developed to promote survival under extreme rearing temperatures.

Effects of a carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet delivered with meal kits to Danish people with type 2 diabetes: protocol for a 12-month randomised controlled trial

IntroductionThe cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is lifestyle modification including a healthy diet, typically one in which carbohydrate provides 45%–60% of total energy intake (E%). Nevertheless,...

Carriage of Clostridium perfringens in domestic and farm animals across the central highlands of Colombia: implications for gut health and zoonotic transmission.

Clostridium perfringens inhabits the guts of humans and animal species. C. perfringens can proliferate and express an arsenal of toxins, promoting the development of multiple gut illnesses. Healthy animals carrying C. perfringens represents a risk of transmission to other animals or humans through close contact and an increased likelihood of acquisition of toxin plasmids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of C. perfringens carriage in domestic and farm animals in the central highlands of Colombia. C. perfringens was detected in six animal species using PCR targeting alpha toxin (cpa) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S-rRNA) genes from 347 fecal samples collected in two Departments: 177 from farm animals of Boyacá and 170 from domestic animals of both Cundinamarca and Boyacá. The overall frequency of C. perfringens detection was 22.1% (n = 77/347), with the highest frequency observed in cats 34.2% (n = 41/120), followed by dogs 30.0% (n = 15/50). The lowest frequency was detected in ruminants: goats 11.1% (n = 3/27), sheep 8.0% (n = 4/50) and cattle 6.0% (n = 6/50). Domestic animals showed a higher frequency of C. perfringens carriage than farm animals. This difference could be associated with dietary patterns, as domestic animals have diets rich in proteins and carbohydrates, while ruminants have low-carbohydrate diets, resulting in high production of endopeptidase-type enzymes and differences in pH due to the anatomy of gastrointestinal tract, which can influence bacterial proliferation. These findings indicate a potential risk of transmission of C. perfringens among animals and from animals to humans through close contact.

Carbohydrate quality indices and lung cancer risk: a case-control study from Iran.

Considering that carbohydrates play an important role in supplying the body with energy and exhibit diverse mechanisms that can either prevent or stimulate cancer, we hypothesize that the quality of carbohydrate intake may be associated with cancer risk, including lung cancer. This hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 135 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients, and 237 healthy age- and sex-matched hospitalized controls. We used a valid and reliable 148-item Food Frequency Questionnaire to collect the dietary intake of subjects. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association between carbohydrate quality indices and the odds of lung cancer. After adjustment for confounding variables, the high glycemic index appears to be an increased risk factor for lung cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 2.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-4.91]. No statistically significant association was found between glycemic load and lung cancer (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 0.98-6.43). In contrast, the carbohydrate quality index (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11-0.48) and low-carbohydrate diet score (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08-0.36), were associated with a decrease in the risk of lung cancer. In summary, our study showed that a high glycemic index is a risk factor for lung cancer, however carbohydrate quality index and low-carbohydrate diet score is a dietary approach to reduce the risk of lung cancer.

High- and low-carb diet and fasting state modify alternative maximal accumulated oxygen deficit.

This investigation aimed to assess if alternative method to estimate the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAODalt) can detect changes in energy system contribution in different substrate availabilities. Following a graded exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake intensity (iVO2max), 26 recreational runners performed a time to exhaustion effort (TTE) as baseline at 110% iVO2max. The same TTE was performed in fasting state, then, a muscle glycogen depletion protocol was executed. Subsequently, participants received low-carbohydrate diet and beverage containing high (H-CHO, 10.8±2.1g·kg-1), moderate (M-CHO, 5.6±1.1g·kg-1), or zero (Z-CHO, 0.24±0.05g·kg-1) carbohydrate. Another TTE was performed 24h later. Each energy system contribution was assessed. Generalized linear mixed models were used for statistical analysis (p<0.05). H-CHO increased relative anaerobic capacity (slope effect [baseline-intervention]x[H-CHO-M-CHO]) due to the relative lactic contribution maintenance (slope effect [baseline-intervention]x[H-CHO-Z-CHO] or [H-CHO-M-CHO]) and increase in relative alactic contribution (6.3±3.5kJ·min-1). The aerobic contribution was lower (-8.7±4.0kJ·min-1), decreasing performance (-34±16s) for H-CHO. M-CHO and Z-CHO maintained anaerobic capacity due to increase in alactic contribution (slope effect [fasting-intervention]x[M-CHO-H-CHO]; and Z-CHO was 7.3±3.4kJ·min-1 higher than baseline). Fasting increased relative alactic (2.9±1.7kJ·min-1) but decreased aerobic contribution (-3.3±2.3kJ·min-1), impairing performance (-17±12s). In conclusion, MAODalt can detect changes in energy system supply in different nutritional states. Therefore, participant's nutritional state must be considered prior to conducting the test.

Creatine Supplementation May Attenuate the Decrement in Exercise Performance during Low Carbohydrate Diets in Recreationally Trained Individuals

Introduction: Low carbohydrate (L-CHO) diets may be an effective means for weight loss; however, these L-CHO diets often result in decreases in exercise performance during high-intensity, interval exercise test (HIIET). Methods: Nineteen, healthy, recreationally active adults participated in this study. Subjects were assigned to one of three groups: control (CON), L-CHO diet w/ placebo (L-CHO), or L-CHO diet w/ creatine supplementation (L-CHO+Cr). Subjects performed HIIET to fatigue at 90% peak power output (PPO) with a 1:1 work-to-recovery ratio of 30 s. Dietary intervention consisted of &lt;30% total intake of carbohydrates, while creatine supplementation consisted of a standard loading dose (20 g/day) or placebo (5 g/day). Results: There was no statistically significant difference in HIIET performance (# of intervals completed) in the L-CHO+Cr group (Pre-: 28.9 ± 18.6; Post-: 32.4 ± 18.3, p &gt; 0.05). When expressed as a % change from pre-dietary intervention, L-CHO resulted in the greatest decrease in HIIET performance (L-CHO: -35 ± 14; CON: 12 ± 10; L-CHO+Cr: 31 ± 11 % change from pre-, p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The addition of a standard loading dose of creatine during a L-CHO diet may help to attenuate the decrement in HIIET performance.

Is There an Ideal Diet? Some Insights from the POUNDS Lost Study.

Diets for weight loss have a long history but an ideal one has not yet been clearly identified. To compare low-fat and lower carbohydrate diets, we designed The Preventing Overweight by Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS) Lost study. This is a 2 × 2 factorial study with diets of 20% or 40% fat and 15% or 25% protein with a graded carbohydrate intake of 35, 45, 55 and 65%. Weight loss, overall, was modest at nearly 6% with all four diets, and no significant dietary difference. The variability in weight loss in each diet group was significant, ranging from greater than 20% to a small weight gain. Studies of genetic variations in relation to weight loss showed that the diet that was selected could significantly affect weight loss, emphasizing that there is no ideal diet and more than one diet can be used to treat obesity. Weight loss was also influenced by the level of baseline triiodothyronine or thyroxine, and baseline carbohydrate and insulin resistance. Achieving a stable Health Eating Food Diversity Index, eating more protein, eating more fiber, engaging in more physical activity, sleeping better and eating less ultra-processed foods were beneficial strategies for weight loss in this trial. Although there is no "ideal diet", both the DASH diet and the Mediterranean diet have clinical trials showing their significant benefit for cardiovascular risk factors. Finally, the lesson of the "Last Chance Diet", which recommended a diet with protein from gelatin, proved that some diets could be hazardous.

A Mobile-Based Nutrition Tracker App Enhanced Dietitian-Guided 2:1:1 Diet-Induced Weight Loss: An 8-Week Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan.

Effective weight management interventions involve a combination of behavioral strategies focusing on dietary changes. Tracing the change through mobile apps has been proven to be a valuable platform for facilitating weight management in many countries. However, the effectiveness of mobile app-based dietary intervention on weight management in Taiwan remains to be determined. By using the designated mobile app, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of the diet intervention, which is based on a 2:1:1 portion control plate and a flexible low-carbohydrate (FLC) diet. This 8-week retrospective cohort study involved 10,297 participants who were divided into two groups: the intervention group (joined an 8-week diet intervention program with the daily diet record assessed by registered dietitians) and the control group (voluntarily using the app without instructional materials or coaching). After eight weeks of intervention, the intervention group showed a higher weight loss percentage (-4.78% vs. -1.54%), body mass index (BMI) (-1.26 kg/m2 vs. 0.69 kg/m2), and diet record completeness (73.52% vs. 28.91%) compared with the control group. With respect to gender, male participants showed higher baseline weight and higher weight loss (-6.02%) in the intervention group. In the intervention group, 2871 participants (33.4%) lost less than 4% of their weight, 5071 participants (58.9%) lost 4-8% of their body weight, and 662 participants (7.7%) lost >8% of their weight. Compared to the low-effectiveness group (weight lost <4%), the high-effectiveness group (weight lost >8%) had a significantly higher diet record completeness (91.61 ± 15.99 vs. 55.81 ± 32.92), dietary compliance (green light %) (88.93 ± 9.9 vs. 77.75 ±17.5), protein intake % (26.34 ± 2.85 vs. 23.49 ± 3.56), and fat intake % (49.66 ± 6.36 vs. 44.05 ± 7.37). Most importantly, the high-effectiveness group had a lower carbohydrate intake % (24.1 ± 7.86 vs. 32.46 ± 9.61). The results remained significant after being stratified by gender. This study found that the use of online applications plus the intervention of dietitians is beneficial for short-term weight loss. The composition of nutrients and dietary compliance also significantly impacted weight loss.

The effectiveness and health impact of fad diets on obese patients: a literature review

Introduction and purpose Obesity is a serious health problem nowadays and it is becoming more and more common. There are plenty of causes of obesity including bad eating habits, genetic factors, and psychological factors. A lot of obese people look for a way to lose weight. Fad diets are popular dietary strategies which are promoted as a quick way to lose weight. This article highlights some popular dietary strategies including low-carbohydrate diet, low-fat diet, Paleolithic Diet and Detox Diet. The aim of this paper is to analyse their effectiveness in the process of successful weight loss and their health impact. State of knowledge According to WHO in 2022 1 in 8 people in the world were obese. Fad diets are promoted as methods to improve health and as a quick way to lose weight. However, available research suggests a rather unfavorable impact on human health in the context of long-term adherence to these diets. Limited data suggests the beneficial long-term health impact of such diets. Moreover, dieting and weight cycling caused by the repetitive process of weight loss after dieting and weight regain afterwards may also play a role in the development of obesity. Conclusion Fad diets are not recommended as a long-term way of nutrition. The main limitation of these dietary strategies is their short-term effectiveness rather than long-term. Adherence to these diets is hard for patients. Because of their strict rules and food exclusions, the risk of weight regain is high. Moreover, they do not show many positive long-term health consequences and they are not superior to conventional healthy diets. What’s more, strict obedience to fad diets for extended periods of time may be detrimental to the dieter's health.

Maternal Dietary Carbohydrate and Pregnancy Outcomes: Quality over Quantity.

Dietary nutrition plays a crucial role in determining pregnancy outcomes, with poor diet being a major contributor to pregnancy metabolic syndrome and metabolic disorders in offspring. While carbohydrates are essential for fetal development, the excessive consumption of low-quality carbohydrates can increase the risk of pregnancy complications and have lasting negative effects on offspring development. Recent studies not only highlighted the link between carbohydrate intake during pregnancy, maternal health, and offspring well-being, but also suggested that the quality of carbohydrate foods consumed is more critical. This article reviews the impacts of low-carbohydrate and high-carbohydrate diets on pregnancy complications and offspring health, introduces the varied physiological effects of different types of carbohydrate consumption during pregnancy, and emphasizes the importance of both the quantity and quality of carbohydrates in nutritional interventions during pregnancy. These findings may offer valuable insights for guiding dietary interventions during pregnancy and shaping the future development of carbohydrate-rich foods.

Analysis of clinical features and genetic variants in three children with late-onset Multiple acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency

To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic variants in three children with late-onset Multiple acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD type Ⅲ). Clinical data of three children diagnosed with late-onset MADD at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University between March 2020 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All children were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES), and candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. All children had received improved metabolic therapy and followed up for 1 ~ 3 years. The children had included 2 males and 1 female, and aged from 2 months to 11 years and 7 months. Child 1 had intermittent vomiting, child 2 had weakness in lower limbs, while child 3 had no symptom except abnormal neonatal screening. Tandem mass spectrometry of the three children showed elevation of multiple acylcarnitines with short, medium and long chains. Children 1 and 2 showed increased glutaric acid and multiple dicarboxylic acids by urine Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. All children were found to harbor compound heterozygous variants of the ETFDH gene, including a paternal c.1211T>C (p.M404T) and a maternal c.488-22T>G variant in child 1, a paternal c.1717C>T (p.Q573X) and a maternal c.250G>A (p.A84T) variant in child 2, and a paternal c.1285+1G>A and maternal c.629A>G (p.S210N) variant in child 3. As for the treatment, high-dose vitamin B2, levocarnitine and coenzyme Q10 were given to improve the metabolism, in addition with a low fat, hypoproteinic and high carbohydrate diet. All children showed a stable condition with normal growth and development during the follow-up. The compound heterozygous variants of the ETFDH gene probably underlay the muscle weakness, remittent vomiting, elevated short, medium, and long chain acylcarnitine, as well as elevated glutaric acid and various dicarboxylic acids in the three children with type Ⅲ MADD.

Latest Topics Concerning Cognitive Impairment Related with Olive Oil, Fruits, Vegetables and Others

The authors focused on nutritional therapy, including low carbohydrate diets (LCD), calorie restriction (CR), lipids, olive oil, and other dietary studies. Recent topics on cognitive impairment related to olive oil, fruits, vegetables, and other factors were described with perspectives. A reverse relationship was observed between total fruit/vegetable intake and dementia risk in the elderly. In a study of 92,383 cases, an intake of more than 7g/day of olive oil showed a 28% decreased risk of dementia-related death. Dietary patterns may influence cognitive mechanisms. Among 8,692 elderly participants, lower odds ratios (OR) for cognitive impairment were found for a protein-enriched diet (PED) at 0.910 and an anti-inflammatory diet (AID) at 0.789.

Ketomimetic Medium Promotes Metastatic Disposition and Chemoresistance in Breast Cancer Cells through Hypersialylation and Lipid Synthesis.

Although metastasis accounts for the vast majority of cancer-related fatalities, the triggers for the metastatic transformation of breast cancer (BC) cells remain unknown. Recent evidence suggests that a common feature of invasive and resistant cells could be their metabolic state. However, attempts to control metabolic state via nutrient intake, e.g., ketogenic or low carbohydrate diets, have shown inconsistent results with respect to improving chemotherapy efficacy and curbing metastasis. Aiming to decode the molecular mechanisms that alter cell phenotype upon nutrient alteration, we study how a ketomimetic (ketone body-rich, low glucose) medium affects Doxorubicin (DOX) susceptibility and invasive disposition of BC cells. We quantified glycocalyx sialylation and found an inverse correlation with DOX-induced cytotoxicity and DOX internalization. These measurements were coupled with single-cell metabolic imaging, bulk migration studies, and transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to map the mechanisms involved in ketone body-driven BC cell metabolic maneuvering. Our findings revealed that a ketomimetic medium enhances chemoresistance and invasive disposition of BC cells via two main oncogenic pathways: hypersialylation and lipid accumulation. We propose that the crosstalk between these pathways leads to synthesis of the glycan precursor UDP-GlcNAc, which leads to advancement of a metastatic phenotype in BC cells under ketomimetic conditions.

Compliance and Ketones Levels in Relation to Seizure Control in Children with Drug Resistant Epilepsy Treated with Ketogenic Diet

Abstract Background The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. Ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) has become an important option in the management of drug- resistant epilepsy and some of the inborn errors of metabolism in children, with increasing evidence of its favorable effects. Objective To evaluate patient's compliance to KD in children with drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) and the effect of KD on course and outcome of DRE. Methodology This cross-sectional study included 42 children whose age ranged between 1 month and 18 years with drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) on ketogenic diet for at least 3 months. They were recruited from the Ketogenic Diet Clinic, Children’s hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. They were assessed for anthropometric measurements, betahydroxybutyrate (BHB) in blood,and acetone in urine, fasting lipid profile,serum random blood sugar;The frequency and severity of convulsions were assessed using chalfont severity scale before and after applying KD and correlated with the laboratory markers measured. Results Beta hydroxybutarate levels in blood ranged from (0.1 - 4.6) achieving ketosis in 37patient (BHB&amp;gt;2 mmol/L). As regard frequency of convulsions per day there was highly significant decrease after 3 month of KD with p &amp;lt; 0.001 compared to that before using the KD. On applying chalfont seizure severity scale on our patients there was highly significant decrease in the severity of the seizure with p &amp;lt; 0.001 after KD. Regarding the frequency of possible complications associated with KD, 69% of the patients had no complication, while 26.2% had constipation, 26.2% had hyperlipidemia, 2.4 % had vomiting, 2.4 % had kidney stones, and 2.4 % had urinary gravels. Conclusion KD is an effective, safe, and tolerable therapy for children with DRE where significant improvement in both frequency and severity of seizures after KD were found.

Recommended Diet Therapy of Mediterranean Diet (MD) and Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD)

To maintain health and achieve longevity, an adequate diet is crucial, such as the Mediterranean diet (MD) and the low-carbohydrate diet (LCD). The MD is characterized by whole grains, fruits, vegetables, less red meat, more fish, and four eggs per week. The MD may reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, dementia, and depression. The LCD shows remarkable weight reduction in a short period, but there may be a probable rebound effect within six months. In Japanese cuisine, the intake of fermented soy foods such as natto and miso can lower the risk of death. As a recommendation, the LCD can be started first, followed by the MD for the long term.

Are People Consuming the Diets They Say They Are? Self-Reported vs Estimated Adherence to Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2018

BackgroundMischaracterization of dietary intake by patients and study participants is a common problem that presents challenges to clinical and public health approaches to improve diet quality, identify healthy eating patterns, and reduce the risk of chronic disease. ObjectiveThis study examined participants’ self-reported adherence to low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets compared with their estimated adherence using up to 2 24-hour recalls. DesignThis cross-sectional study acquired data on dietary intake from respondents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2018. Participants/settingThis study included 30 219 respondents aged 20 years and older who had complete and reliable dietary data and were not pregnant or breastfeeding. Main outcome measuresThe main outcome was prevalence of self-reported and estimated adherence to low-carbohydrate or low-fat diet patterns. Statistical analyses performedSelf-reported adherence to low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets was evaluated using responses to questionnaires. Estimated adherence to these diets was assessed using data from up to 2 24-hour recalls and usual intake methodology developed by the National Cancer Institute. ResultsOf the 1.4% of participants who reported following a low-carbohydrate diet, estimated adherence (<26% energy from carbohydrates) using 24-hour recalls was 4.1%, whereas estimated adherence among those that did not report following a low-carbohydrate diet was <1% (P value for difference = .014). Of the 2.0% of participants who reported following a low-fat diet, estimated adherence (<30% energy from fat) was 23.0%, whereas estimated adherence among those who did not report following a low-fat diet was 17.8% (P value for difference = .048). ConclusionsThis research demonstrates that most individuals mischaracterized their diet pattern when compared with up to 2 24-hour recalls. These findings emphasize the need for clinicians and public health professionals to be cautious when interpreting individuals’ self-reported diet patterns, and should aim to collect more detailed dietary data when possible.