Lower Blood Sugar Levels Research Articles

Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Studies of Secondary Metabolites from Momordica Charantia as Natural Antidiabetic

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a non-contagious disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Diabetes mellitus occurs when the body cannot receive or use insulin properly. If you already have diabetes, then the patient must take medication continuously because diabetes mellitus is a lifelong disease. Because medicines are quite expensive, alternative ways to cure the disease are needed by consuming traditional medicines, one of which is bitter melon (Momordica charantia). Objectives: This research aims to predict the secondary metabolite compounds in the bitter melon plant, analyze molecular interactions, and identify compounds that can lower blood sugar levels. Material and Methods: 12 compounds from the Momordica charantia plant and six proteins (1IR3, 1RHF, 1XU7, 4PNZ, 4YVP, 2NT7) that will be docked using Pyrx and Yasara Dynamics applications. Results: From the molecular docking results, three compounds with the highest binding affinity were found in Momordica charantia: momordenol, oleanolic acid, and momordicin. Based on molecular dynamics simulations, these three compounds were stable in their interactions with the six proteins tested, namely 1IR3, 1RHF, 4PNZ, 4YVP, 1XU7, and 2NT7. Momordenol and momordicin showed the most stable interaction profiles. Furthermore, ADMET tests showed that momordenol, oleanolic acid, and momordisin have drug-like characteristics. Conclusions: The Momordica charantia plant has the potential to act as an antidiabetic agent.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Testing of Golden Rice Cookies With Piper Crocatum Active Extract for Preventing Foot Ulcers in Patients With Diabetes: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) present a formidable challenge to both patients and health care systems. DFUs significantly reduce the quality of life for patients, prolong hospital stays, and are the cause of approximately 70,000 lower limb amputations across the globe annually. Prevention of DFUs primarily involves the optimization of blood sugar levels and the effective management of complications, particularly peripheral neuropathy. Golden Rice has been proven to lower blood sugar levels due to its beta-carotene content, and Piper crocatum (P. crocatum) has been found to be effective in reducing the risk factors of DFUs through biomolecular regulation because of its polyphenol content. The principal objective of this study is to identify the efficacy of P. crocatum-enriched cookies, with Golden Rice as their primary ingredient, in preventing DFUs. The evaluation will center on their impact on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a pivotal factor in the development of DFUs. This study is an experimental clinical research that follows the randomized controlled trial method and uses a single-blind design. The participants in the study are outpatients from primary health centers in Makassar, Indonesia, who have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The sample for the study will be randomly selected and subsequently categorized into 2 groups: the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group consumes P. crocatum-enriched Golden Rice cookies, while the control group receives cookies without these additives. The participants from both groups will consume their respective cookies (packaged identically) twice a day for 14 days. The cookies will be prepared according to a modified recipe with an emphasis on low glucose content, resulting in 51 calories per cookie, comprising 1% carbohydrates, 6% fat, 4% cholesterol, and 4% fiber, excluding gluten, sugar, and salt. They will be baked at 158°C for 20 minutes. The process involves the addition of 20% Golden Rice and 10% P. crocatum ethanol extract, both prepared via maceration with 96% ethanol. The dependent variable in this study is the expression of gelatinases matrix metalloproteinase, to be assessed at 2 distinct time points-preintervention (pretest) and postintervention (posttest)-with the evaluation conducted through the western blotting method. The recruitment and testing phase started in January 2024. The study is scheduled to be completed by the end of March 2024. Data analysis will commence in April 2024, and the publication of the results is anticipated in the same year (2024). The study will report on the changes in primary data, encompassing gelatinases matrix metalloproteinase, as well as secondary data, including the ankle-brachial index, neuropathy score, and random blood glucose level. The findings of this trial are expected to significantly impact the selection of strategies by health care practitioners to enhance diabetes self-management, particularly in the domain of therapeutic snacking, for patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20230502001; https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20230502001. PRR1-10.2196/49940.

Plant-Based Diet and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from a Thai Health-Promoting Hospital.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with diet. While consumption of plant-based foods may reduce blood sugar levels, the impact of consuming plant-based foods on fasting blood sugar levels has not been well defined. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Health-Promoting Hospital in Pak Phun Municipality, Thailand. It included 61 patients with T2DM and 74 controls matched for age and gender. Dietary intake levels among T2DM and controls were assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire from which plant-based-food scores were calculated. This study found significant differences between specific plant foods and fasting blood sugar levels in patients with T2DM. Adherence to a plant-based diet appeared to influence fasting blood sugar levels. Patients who consumed higher amounts of certain vegetables and fruits showed lower fasting blood sugar levels. Diabetic patients consumed more legumes than controls, but the consumption of cereals and nuts/seeds in the two groups were similar. Consumption of nuts and seeds was also associated with a 76.3% reduction in the risk of a T2DM diagnosis. These findings suggest the potential efficacy of glycemic control in T2DM patients. More work is required to explore strategies for preventing and treating metabolic disorders through dietary modification.

The Effect of Swimming Aerobic Physical Exercise On White Rats (Rattus Novergicus) Of the Wistar Strain That Are Obese

Women are more likely to be obese and at risk of hypertension and coronary heart disease than men. Genetic factors influence it. Physical exercise can reduce obesity, especially on endothelial factors such as ET-1 and NO. This research explores the effect of swimming physical training on the expression of endothelin-1 and receptor-A in obese mouse models. This type of research is a true experiment carried out on 12 adult female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) as research samples. The research procedures were carried out by caring for test animals, raising rats until they were obese, not giving treatment (control), physical training in the form of swimming exercises, and finally, examination of ET-1, ET-A, blood sugar levels, and total cholesterol levels. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS. The research results of the normality test for the treatment group were more significant than 0.05 in the ET-1 examination of 0.315 and ET-A of 0.261. ET-1 levels were 92.5 pg/ml and ET-A levels were 62.5 pg/ml. Their blood sugar level was 167 mg/dL. The research concluded that in mouse tests, physical training was better for increasing ET-1 levels and reducing ET-A levels. Swimming and aerobics are better at lowering blood sugar levels.

Development of Millet Dip Stick (Samai, Thinai, Kambu) and Analyse the Sensory Acceptability

Nutrient loss occurs in the body when there is Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM).For children in underdeveloped countries, it is the leading cause of death. Protein-calorie malnutrition, or PEM, is another term for it. It manifests in children whose dietary intake of energy and protein is inadequate to meet their needs. Millets are considered a healthy food for developing kids and an excellent weaning food for babies. It’s high in protein. Hence, it supports children’s muscular development and growth. It has little simple sugars, a lot of fiber, and few carbohydrates. As a result, it has a lower glycemic index than wheat or rice and results in lower blood sugar levels. A biscuit is a flour-based and shaped food product. The biscuits are great for quelling children’s sudden hunger sensations and can even be eaten by adults. Concerned about their child’s protein consumption, many parents search for nutritional supplements. To fulfil the nutritional requirements, millet biscuits are ideal. Iron is abundant in moringa leaves. Millet biscuits are the best option to provide the necessary nutritional intake. Moringa leaves are rich in iron. For this project, we created a dip using powdered moringa leaves and biscuits made with little, foxtail, and pearl millet. It is a healthy treat that is perfect for children.

EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BINAHONG (Anredera cordifolia Steen.) SEBAGAI ANTIDIABETES PADA MENCIT (Mus muculus. L)

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease with lifelong treatment, while antidiabetic drugs consumed can cause side effects in the long term, so it requires alternative therapies with traditional medicinal plants such as the binahong plant (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steen.) which contains flavonoids and saponins. These compounds have the ability to lower blood sugar levels. This study aims to determine the antidiabetic effect of the ethanol extract of binahong leaves on alloxan-induced swiss male males. This type of research was experimental with the method of pre and post test with controlled group design, using 15 male swiss strains which were divided into 3 groups. Negative control (CMC Na 0.5%), positive control (Glibenclamide dose 0.65 mg/KgBB), and the treatment group ethanol extract of binahong leaves dose 17.5 mg/KgBB. Data on blood sugar levels obtained were analyzed using SPSS 23 with a 95% confidence level. The results of this study showed that the ethanol extract of binahong leaves at a dose of 17.5 mg/kg could reduce blood sugar levels in alloxan-induced swiss male mice. Data on decreasing blood sugar levels obtained were analyzed by One Way ANOVA, followed by LSD. The test results showed that the decrease in blood sugar levels in mice given the ethanol extract of binahong leaves at a dose of 17.5 mg/KgBW was not significantly different from that given by glibenclamide at a dose of 0.65 mg/KgBW (sig > 0.05).

AKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES KOMBINASI EKSTRAK LABU KUNING DAN BROTOWALI SECARA IN VIVO

Cucurbita Moschata are rich in polyphenolic antioxidants such as flavonoids which can be used to lower blood sugar levels. Cucurbita Moschata can be formulated into biscuits. The aim is to determine the activity of cucurbita moschata and tinospora crispa extracts on reducing blood sugar in mice (Mus muculus). The research aims to create a Cucurbita Moschata biscuit formula that contains high levels of resistant starch and beta carotene but has the lowest impact on increasing blood sugar levels. This research method is experimental by making an antidiabetic formulation in mice. Mice were divided into normal groups, K groups (CMC NA 1%), groups with varying doses of 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg, and positive groups (glibenclamide 0.65 mg/kg). Using the two way anova analysis method. The results showed the effect of reducing blood sugar levels in mice at doses of 100mg/kg (17.3%), 300mg/kg (29.3%), 600 mg/kg (35.2%) and the positive group (44.3%). The 600mg/kg group (35.2%) provided the highest reduction in blood sugar levels, which was close to positive (44.3%) compared to doses of 100mg/kg (17.3%), 300 mg/kg (29.3%). The conclusion of this study is that anti-diabetes biscuits, a combination cucurbita moschata and tinospora crispa , have antihyperglycemic activity in vivo.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FOOT EXERCISE AND HYDROTHERAPY ON BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS IN THE ELDERLY

Background: Elderly are susceptible to health problems due to decreased organ function such as increased blood sugar levels that are at risk for diabetes mellitus, so proper management is needed with physical activity. Foot exercise and hydrotherapy can be an alternative to physical activity for elderly to lower blood sugar levels.Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the combination of foot exercise with and without hydrotherapy on blood sugar levels in the elderly.Methods: Experimental study with parallel 3 groups pre and post-test design. Research subjects were 21 elderly, divided into control group (n=7), combination of foot exercises and hydrotherapy intervention group (n=7), and foot exercise intervention group (n=7). The intervention was done 3 times a week for 5 weeks. Blood sugar levels were measured using POCT.Results: There is no significant decrease in blood sugar levels from control group (p>0.05). There is significant decrease in blood sugar levels from foot exercise and hydrotherapy intervention group (p<0.05) and foot exercise intervention group (p<0.05). The difference in blood sugar levels showed significant results between foot exercise and hydrotherapy intervention group and control group (p=0.000) and between foot exercise intervention group and control group (p=0.004). There is no significant differences in blood sugar levels between foot exercise and hydrotherapy intervention group and foot exercise intervention group (p=0.112).Conclusion: Both foot exercise and hydrotherapy are effective in lowering blood sugar levels in the elderly.

Study of Inulin Content and Extractions Methods in Several Types of Tubers: Review Paper

Inulin is a source of fiber that can be used as a functional food. Foods that contain inulin can help overcome health problems such as obesity, colon cancer risk, lower blood sugar levels and reduce insulin resistance. The purpose of this paper is to summarize some research results on inulin content in tubers and their extraction methods. The inulin content in dahlia, gembili, uwi, potato, sweet potato, jicama, onion and garlic tubers are 74%; 15%; 12%; 7%; 13%; 41% and 33%, respectively. Extraction methods used include ethanol:water precipitation, microwave-assisted extraction, hot water extraction and ultrasound. In the future, inulin is expected to contribute to the treatment of digestive-related diseases.

Validation of Blood Glucose and Lipid-Lowering Effect of Solvent Fractions of the Crinum Abyssinicum Shoot Tips in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice.

Diabetes mellitus prevalence has reached epidemic levels despite the existence of contemporary treatments. People thus started looking at the possible therapeutic value of natural therapies. Crushed shoot tips of Crinum abyssinicum (Amaryllidaceae) are mixed with water in Ethiopia to treat diabetes, yet this practice is not well supported by science. In this experiment, mice models were used to verify the blood sugar and lipid-lowering benefits of solvent fractions of C. abyssinicum shoot tips. In a single-dose treated Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model, mice were randomly grouped into eleven categories which include diabetic negative control, diabetic positive control, and 9 diabetic treatment groups. In repeated daily doses treated STZ-induced model, Mice were divided into 6 groups which included normal and diabetic negative control (TW80), diabetic positive control (5mg/kg glibenclamide), and three diabetic treatment groups 100, 200, and 400mg/kg). Finally, blood glucose, lipid level, and body weight were examined. In the single-dose treated diabetic model, there was a significant blood glucose reduction at 200 and 400mg/kg doses of aqueous fraction and glibenclamide starting from the sixth-hour post-administration unlike ethyl acetate and chloroform fraction compared to baseline and negative control. In repeated daily dose-treated diabetic mice, all three doses (100, 200, and 400mg/kg of aqueous fraction) resulted in a substantial reduction (P < .001) in blood glucose compared to baseline and negative control on the seventh day and 14th day. Besides the AQF shows improvement in lipid levels and body weight parameters. The results of the study demonstrated that C. abyssinicum shoot tip fractions have the greatest potential to lower blood sugar and lipid levels, supporting conventional claims for the treatment of diabetes.

Risk of bone fracture by using dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a network meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to a heightened likelihood of experiencing fractures. It is crucial to ascertain whether medications used to lower blood sugar levels can elevate the risk of fractures. We aimed to investigate and compare the effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i), and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT-2i) on the fracture risk in patients with T2D in the real world. A network meta-analysis conducted an inclusive literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to select appropriate population-based cohort studies that investigated the risk of bone fractures of (GLP-1RA), (DPP-4i) or (SGLT-2i) in the real world. A network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed using R software to investigate the risk of total fractures as a primary outcome among patients who used (GLP-1RAs), (SGLT-2i) or (DPP-4i) versus each other or other glucose-lowering medications (GLMs). The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were summarized overall network and for each pairwise direct and indirect comparison. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) with the P-scores was calculated for each treatment in the network meta-analysis to detect their cumulative ranking probabilities in lowering the risk of total fractures. In our NMA, we identified a set of 13 population-based cohort studies comprising a total of 1,064,952 patients. The risk of fracture was identified with the follow-up duration for each class. We found a significant decrease in the fracture risk by about 87% associated with patients who used SGLT2 inhibitors in combination with other glucose-lowering medications, followed by SGLT2 inhibitors alone by about 67%, then GLP-1 receptor agonists by about 60%, and at last DPP-4 inhibitors by about 55%. Our study's collective findings suggest a significant association of the low risk of fracture with the use of SGLT2i with other GLMs combination, SGLT2i alone, GLP-1RA, and DPP-4i, respectively. This population-based analysis offers the best available evidence and might be helpful for clinicians in the decision of the most suitable T2DM treatment strategies, especially for elderly type 2 diabetic patients, as they may be safe in terms of fracture. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023448720.

Effectiveness of durian peel ethanol extract for lowering blood sugar levels in alloxan diabetic wistar rats

High blood sugar levels can be influenced by several factors, including high-carbohydrate food consumption and a lack of physical activity. To minimize the side effects of hyperglycemic treatment, efforts have been made to explore anti-hyperglycemic compounds from other sources, such as durian peel (Durio zibetthinus Murr.). This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of ethanol extract from durian peel in lowering alloxan-induced blood sugar levels in Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus). The study is an experimental research employing an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. The rats were divided into five different groups: Group I (negative control), Group II (positive control), Group III (dose 25 × 10–30/gBW), Group IV (dose 50 × 10–30/gBW), and Group V (dose 100 × 10–30/gBW). The durian peel used in this study was extracted using the maceration method with ethanol as the solvent. The results of this study indicate that ethanol extract from durian peel significantly reduced blood sugar levels after 10 to 15 days of durian peel extract administration (p &lt; 0.05).

Utilization of Binahong Leaves (Anredera Cordifolia) as Traditional Medicine

Abstract: The use of natural materials as medicine tends to increase with the issue of back to nature and prolonged crises that result in a decrease in people's purchasing power for modern drugs which are relatively more expensive. Binahong plant (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) is one plant that can potentially be an alternative in overcoming hypercholesterolemia. Herbal tea bags are practical drink ingredients that easy to make at a cost that is not too expensive. Therefore, the use of binahong leaves for tea bags becomes very possible with the intention to lower cholesterol and blood sugar levels in people suffering from hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus. This dedication intends to provide counseling about the benefits of binahong leaves for health and training in making tea bags from binahong leaves. The results of the study went smoothly, safely and orderly. The activity was held on Wednesday, March 8, 2023 with participants consisting of PRA Argorejo Sedayu Bantul, PRA Kauman and all Aisyiyah Central Leadership Staff and the surrounding community with a total of 36 participants. The activity began with an opening, and followed by remarks from the head of service. Furthermore, the first material was the Utilization of Traditional Medicine, followed by the material on the use of binahong leaves as a traditional medicine, and then continued the practice of making tea bags from binahong leaf powder.

Pelatihan dan Aplikasi Pembuatan Produk Home Industry Coconut Chips dan Stick Kelor di Desa Kedungsari Kecamatan Kemlagi Kabupaten Mojokerto

This community service project refers to the UMKM program which includes providing outreach to residents on how to use coconuts and Moringa leaves as a food security innovation. Moringa leaves have the property of lowering blood sugar levels and also have quite high levels of vitamins A and C. And coconuts have the property of reducing inflammation and contain MCT compounds. For this reason, Moringa leaves are processed into Moringa sticks and coconut fruit into chips that are suitable for snacking. Using a hands-on practical approach, this community service project was completed with PKK women in Kedungsari Village. If this business is successful, it will provide benefits to the people of Kedungsari Village at a time when new snack foods are becoming popular and popular in the area because the way they are made is very rare. carried out in society. With its advantages and potential, the people of Kedungsari Village in Mojokerto Regency can gain economic benefits from increasing the use of coconut fruit and Moringa leaves in snacks. This article attempts to develop the original and creative thinking capacity of KKN students while also answering problems related to increasing local economic development through exercises and applications in making goods for the home industry. This activity is considered to have a lot of potential to help the Kedungsari community in building UMKM prospects

Reflexology On Blood Sugar Levels In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Literature Review

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a disease that often causes chronic complications if not handled properly and is characterized by an increase in blood sugar levels. This literature review aims to determine the effect of reflexology on blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: The method used in this article is a literature review using a journal database from Science Direct and Google Scholar from 2020 to 2023 with the keywords "Reflexology" or "Reflexology," "Blood glucose" or "Blood sugar levels," and "Diabetes Mellitus" Results: obtained results of 1,070 articles. Articles were selected according to the criteria, and ten articles were ready to be reviewed. Reflexology affects lowering blood sugar levels in people with diabetes mellitus by doing it regularly for 20-30 minutes 12 times. Conclusion: Doing a physical activity, one of which is applying Reflexology 12 times in 3 sessions for four weeks, can control blood sugar levels

Comparison of medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pre and post study

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus refers to a group of heterogeneous disorders with the common elements of chronic hyperglycemia. Diabetes medications play a crucial role in lowering blood sugar levels. The study aims to compare medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from urban and rural areas during pre and post visit. Methods: This pre and post-study was conducted from March to August 2022. A total of 104 participants were enrolled. Details have been obtained through data collection form. Medication adherence was measured using Hill-Bone medication adherence scale, and patient education was provided through leaflet. Results: The study included 54 females and 50 males. The correlation between medication adherence versus disease knowledge and drug knowledge was found out using Pearson’s correlation and the result is statistically significant. The medication adherence was found to be increased by 17.3% and 21.2% in rural and urban areas respectively. Inadequate follow-up and financial barriers were most accounted for medication non-adherence. Conclusions: The majority of type 2 diabetes patients have suboptimal treatment adherence which is associated with poor blood sugar control. We clinical pharmacists can tackle this problem of adherence through quality patient education.

PERBEDAAN PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE II DENGAN PEMBERIAN RELAKSASI OTOT PROGRESIF DAN SENAM KAKI DIABETES

Diabetes mellitus a serious chronic disease, which the pancreas is unable to produce insulin in the body, but it can also occur if the body is not effective in using the insulin produces. One of the non-pharmacological management of diabetes mellitus is progressive muscle relaxation and diabetic foot exercise. purpose of the Research: Analyze the difference in the effect of progressive muscle relaxation and foot exercises on reducing blood sugar patients with type II diabetes mellitus.Research methodology: The study used the Quasi Experimental Design method with a Static Group Comparison Design. The sample of this study was type II diabetes mellitus in the Sidoharjo Health Center, Sragen, as many as 56 respondents. Sampling using purposive sampling technique. Results: The results of the Independent Sample T-Test on progressive muscle relaxation and diabetic foot exercises showed Sig. (2-tailed) p = 0.777 where p value &gt; 0.05. Discussin, Progressive muscle relaxation and diabetic foot exercises can be a complementary therapy to diet and pharmacology to help lower blood sugar levels. Conclusions: There is no significant difference between progressive muscle relaxation therapy and diabetic foot exercises in reducing blood sugar levels in type II diabetes mellitus patients

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) during Ramadan: Narrative Review of the Published Literature.

Ramadan fasting, a religious practice observed by Muslims worldwide, involves abstaining from eating, drinking, smoking, and using oral medications from dawn to dusk during the ninth lunar month. Studies have demonstrated that fasting during Ramadan has been shown to increase HDL cholesterol, leptin, adiponectin, and insulin sensitivity, as well as lower several hemostatic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, it may result in a drop in blood sugar levels, especially in diabetics who are also on blood sugar-lowering medicine. Hypoglycemia, characterized by low blood sugar levels, could also result from fasting during Ramadan. The GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) hormone plays a significant role in regulating glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, and Ramadan fasting can affect its production and release in the gut. Research contributes to our understanding of the utilization of GL-1 medications during Ramadan among patients, broadening therapy alternatives and offering insightful information for well-informed decision-making. Therefore, this narrative review aims to explore the current evidence that studies the safety and efficacy of GLP-1 agonists during Ramadan for nondiabetic and diabetic patients to ensure healthy fasting during Ramadan.

Anti-Diabetic Cure Plants In Sungai Kijang Pride

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease caused by a lack of the hormone insulin and generally consumes medication using chemical drugs due to the fast response in lowering blood sugar levels. However, the use of chemical drugs in the long term can have a negative impact on kidney performance. The way to minimize the negative impact is to use plants as medicine with the following considerations, that is: easy to obtain and minimal side effects. The tribe in Musi Rawas Utara Regency who still maintains the use of plants as medicine as a hereditary inheritance from their ancestors, namely the Anak Dalam Sungai Kijang Tribe in Sungai Kijang Village, Rawas Ulu District, so it is important to inform the wider community regarding this matter. The specific objectives of the study were to describe the types of medicinal plants, to describe the parts of the plants used, and to describe the processing methods for medicinal plants that have anti-diabetic potential. This research method focuses on the types, parts used, and ways of processing medicinal plants with potential anti-dibates for the Anak Dalam Sungai Kijang Tribe. Retrieval of data using observation sheets, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The results showed 14 types, namely Marasi, Plant Risih, Akar Timah, Pasak Bumi, Kratom, Akar Kuning, Sekubung, Mendururat, Kemeran, Lenteman, Passion, Okinawa Spinach, Kerisan, and Gembili. The organs used are stems, leaves, tubers, and roots. The processing method is washed, eaten immediately, cut, boiled, dropped into the eyes, drunk, and cleaned of the skin. Based on these results it can be concluded that nature always provides what is needed and that is the main principle of the Anak Dalam Sungai Kijang Tribe.

Purple Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) Hot Water Extracts Ameliorate High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disorders in Mice.

Purple Pennisetum (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), a hybrid between Taihucao No. 2 and the local wild species of purple Pennisetum, has dark red stems and leaves due to its anthocyanin content. This study explores the potential of purple napiergrass extracts (PNE) in alleviating obesity and metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet in mice, where 50% of the caloric content is derived from fat. Mice were orally administered low-dose or high-dose PNE alongside a high-fat diet. Experimental findings indicate that PNE attenuated weight gain, reduced liver, and adipose tissue weight, and lowered blood cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and blood sugar levels. Stained sections showed that PNE inhibited lipid accumulation and fat hypertrophy in the liver. Immunoblotting analysis suggested that PNE improved the inflammatory response associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia induced by a high-fat diet. Furthermore, PNE potentially functions as a PPAR-γ agonist, increasing the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) concentration and suppressing inflammatory factors, while elevating the anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the liver. PNE-treated mice showed enhanced activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways and increased fatty acid oxidation and liver lipolysis. In conclusion, this study elucidated the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory, PI3K/Akt, and AMPK pathways in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model. These findings highlight the potential of PNE in reducing weight, inhibiting inflammation, and improving blood sugar and lipid levels, showing the potential for addressing obesity-related metabolic disorders in humans.