Lower Willingness Research Articles

Are nurses and patients willing to work with service robots in healthcare? A mixed-methods study

IntroductionScholars have become increasingly interested in incorporating robots into healthcare. While there is a growing body of research examining nurses’ and patients’ attitudes towards using robots in healthcare, no prior research has specifically explored their willingness to integrate service robots within the Egyptian healthcare context.AimThe aim of this study was twofold: (a) to explore the behavioral intentions of nurses to accept robots in their workplace, and (b) to examine the willingness of patients to use service robots in healthcare settings.MethodsA mixed-methods study was conducted. Quantitative data were collected from 301 nurses using the Behavioral Intention to Accept Robots in the Workplace Scale and from 467 patients using the Service Robot Integration Willingness Scale through convenience sampling at three tertiary public hospitals in Port Said, Egypt. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 16 nurses, focusing on their perspectives and concerns regarding robot integration. Descriptive analyses were used to analyze quantitative data, and thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.ResultsQuantitative results indicated a moderate level of behavioral intention to use robots among nurses. Patients demonstrated low willingness to use service robots. In the qualitative analysis of the data obtained from the interviews with nurses, three categories (Concerns about Robots, Roles and Competencies, and Potential Benefits) and eight themes (interaction and emotions, maintenance and reliability, job insecurity, role clarity, competence in critical care, trustworthiness, reducing physical strain, and specialized applications) were identified.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that nurses’ behavioral intention to accept service robots in healthcare settings is moderate and their acceptance is influenced by various factors related to their concerns about robots, roles and competencies, and potential benefits they could gain. Patients showed a low level of willingness to use service robots in healthcare settings.ImplicationProviding targeted educational programs to nurses and patients, assuring them with the provision of robust maintenance protocols, enhancing their confidence in the capabilities of robots, and defining clear roles for robots are crucial for the successful integration of robots into healthcare settings.

Who Gets Vaccinated? Cognitive and Non‐Cognitive Predictors of Individual Behaviour in Pandemics

AbstractThis study investigates different cognitive and non‐cognitive characteristics associated with individuals' willingness to get vaccinated against Covid‐19 and their actual vaccination status. Our empirical analysis is based on data obtained from three survey waves conducted in 2021 among about 2,000 individuals living in the German state of North Rhine‐Westphalia. We find that individuals with a high level of trait reactance – a personality characteristic that entails the personal tendency to perceive persuasion attempts as restricting one's freedom – display a significantly lower willingness to get vaccinated. They also tend to get inoculated later or never. Moreover, neuroticism, locus of control, and statistical numeracy appear to be associated with the willingness to get vaccinated, but these results are less pronounced and less robust. Our results indicate that vaccination campaigns and policies could be improved by specifically addressing those with a high level of trait reactance.

Personal choice shields against affective influences on effort in a "do your best" task: Effects on cardiac response.

This experiment (N = 113) tested whether personal choice vs. external assignment of task characteristics moderates the effect of incidental affective stimulation on effort-related cardiovascular response in a "do your best" task context. When participants could choose themselves the color of the stimuli (i.e., a series of letters to be recalled) used in a memory test, we expected high task commitment and willingness to mobilize resources, strong action shielding, and thus low receptivity for incidental affective influences. By contrast, when the color was externally assigned, we expected low willingness to mobilize resources, weak action shielding, and thus strong affective influences on effort. As predicted, participants in the assigned color condition showed stronger cardiac pre-ejection period reactivity during task execution when exposed to sad music than when exposed to happy music. These music effects did not appear among participants who could personally choose the color. Here, effort stayed high independently of the happy or sad background music. The present study demonstrates the moderating effect of personal choice on resource mobilization in a task of unfixed difficulty with happy and sad background music as incidental affective influence.

Lower motivation for rewarded mental effort in tobacco dependence.

Tobacco dependence is characterized by decision-making impairments, which may increase the risk of smoking relapse by lowering the capacity to resist the immediate gratification of nicotine consumption. Because controlling one's desires for immediate rewards is experienced as effortful, aversion to effortful control processes may also influence the prospects of successful smoking cessation. We therefore tested whether persons who smoke, compared with persons who do not smoke, show a lower willingness to engage in goal-directed mental effort. Thirty-seven persons who smoke and 38 persons who do not smoke performed a decision task requiring choices on whether to exert a demanding attention task for monetary rewards. Using state-of-the-art drift-diffusion modeling, we found that persons who smoke showed a stronger starting bias toward effort-free rewards. Taken together, our process model approach allowed us to identify the subcomponents of the decision process underlying the stronger aversion against mental effort in tobacco dependence, which may contribute to altered decision making by lowering the motivation to engage in effortful control processes when trying to suppress the desire for nicotine consumption. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Low knowledge levels and high willingness to use oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among Key Populations in Kampala, Uganda: Implications for targeted educational interventions.

Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces new human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infections by up to 96% and is recommended for key populations by the World Health Organization. Understanding the knowledge and willingness to use PrEP is essential for effective implementation. This study assessed these factors and identifiedcharacteristics associated with differences in knowledge among key populations in Kampala, Uganda. We administered a cross-sectional survey to a systematic sample of 497 participants from fisherfolk (283, 56.9%), men who have sex with men (MSM) (93, 18.7%), and female sex worker (FSW) (121, 24.4%) communities in Kampala Central, where PrEP had not yet been rolled out. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, PrEP awareness, and HIV-related behavioralfactors were collected. Knowledge about PrEP was measured using an adopted questionnaire comprising five key questions about PrEP knowledge, graded as no knowledge, some knowledge and good knowledge. Ordered probit regression models were used to analyze the associations of independent factors with PrEP knowledge levels. Participants had a mean age of 29±7.6 years. Ofthese, 257 (51.7%) reported having sex with women, 157 (31.6%) with men and 83 (16.7%) with both men and women. Self-reported HIV-positive status was 6.4% in fisherfolk, 11.8% in MSM and 27.3% in FSW. PrEP awareness stood at 62.4% overall, with the highest awareness in FSW (73.6%) and the lowest in fisherfolk (54.1%). Willingness to use PrEP was high across all groups (77.7%), although it was lower among FSW (66.9%). Multivariate probit analysis highlighted key independent factors associated with PrEP knowledge among fisherfolks and HIV-related concerns (Adj. Coeff = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.97) and lack of PrEP awareness (Adj. Coeff = -0.99, 95% CI:-1.28, -0.70); among MSM, lack of PrEP awareness (Adj. Coeff = -1.74, 95% CI:-2.38, -1.10); and in FSW, tertiary education (Adj. Coeff = 1.53, 95% CI: 0.07, 2.99) and marital status (Adj. Coeff = 0.57, 95% CI=0.09, 1.05). MEshighlighted the influence of these independent factors at each knowledge level. Despite the high willingness to use PrEP, significant knowledge gaps exist, particularly concerning dosage and use duration, which are influenced by factors such as HIV concern and educational attainment. Tailored educational initiatives may bridge these gaps and enhance willingness to use PrEP.

Overloaded and overwhelmed: Weakened partner aspirations of women public accountants during the COVID‐19 pandemic

AbstractDespite years of initiatives to improve gender equity in public accounting firms, women continue to be underrepresented at the partner level. Supporting women's aspirations to become partner is important to ensure there are more women in the pipeline of potential partners. However, we argue that challenges during the COVID‐19 pandemic are likely to have negative downstream effects on accounting firms' efforts to improve female partner representation. Therefore, using a survey of 192 certified public accountants (CPAs), we develop and test a theoretical model that examines changes in women's partner aspirations during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using the conservation of resources (COR) theory, we predict that women experienced disproportionately higher role overload during the pandemic compared to men. We also rely upon COR theory to predict that higher levels of role overload will be associated with weakened partner‐track motivations (i.e., less value placed on the advantages of the partner level and lower willingness to make the sacrifices necessary to pursue the partner level) and weakened partner aspirations. Consequently, we expect that women public accountants experienced weakened partner aspirations through higher role overload during the pandemic. Results support our predictions as we find that women experienced higher levels of role overload, which are associated with weakened partner‐track motivations, which in turn are associated with weakened partner aspirations. In sum, our results suggest that the COVID‐19 pandemic exacerbated pre‐pandemic gender equity challenges within public accounting firms. Fortunately, we also find that higher levels of supervisor support and coworker support help limit role overload and mitigate declines in partner aspirations. We discuss several insights that firms can use to mitigate post‐pandemic declines in women's partner aspirations.

Factors influencing farmer willingness to plant forage triticale in winter fallow fields in Northern China: An example from central Shanxi Province

AbstractBackgroundUsing winter fallow fields for plant forage is important to ensure food security. Forage triticale (× Triticosecale) has higher yields than other available forage crops and can be planted widely in winter fallow fields. Recently, the planted area of forage triticale in Shanxi Province, China, has exceeded 3500 ha; however, problems such as low farmer willingness to plant (WTP) winter forage still remain.MethodsA total of 219 farmers were surveyed in Taiyuan, Lvliang, and Jinzhong. We analyzed the factors influencing farmer WTP forage triticale, focusing on personal, family, land, and cognition characteristics. We used a binary logistic regression model to quantify the influence of various factors on farmer behavior and conducted a robustness check and heterogeneity analysis.Results“Age” was negatively correlated with farmer WTP—farmers 50 years of age and older showed less WTP. “Land lease situation” was also negatively correlated with WTP. Factors that positively correlated with WTP were “land areas,” “raising of livestock,” “size of labor force,” and “development prospect.”ConclusionsMany farmers are over 50 years of age, land lessors, and have low WTP winter forage. Farmers who raise livestock and have large labor forces, huge land areas, and good cultivation prospects have a high WTP. This study identifies the factors influencing farmers' WTP to assist in the development of the forage triticale industry in the study region, improving land resource utilization and efficiency. The findings are likely to have wider relevance and application.

How to design subsidy policies to better encourage travelers to use car-sharing instead of private cars? An evolutionary game study

Car-sharing is a travel mode that can serve as an alternative to private cars, helping to reduce urban pollution. However, currently, there is a low willingness among travelers to use car-sharing, which is reflected in both low market penetration and user frequency. Therefore, it is essential for the government to encourage the use of car-sharing by providing subsidies. To better encourage the usage of car-sharing, this paper applies a two-fold evolutionary game model involving travelers and the government to explore the impact of subsidies on travelers’ choices, and the factors that could affect the subsidies’ efficiency. A simulation, using data from Beijing, was conducted to determine the implications of subsidy policies. The results show that a mileage-based subsidy and a fixed subsidy are applicable to travel of high and low mileages respectively, and under both subsidy modes, subsidies for trips with short duration or short pick-up and return time are more effective. Furthermore, we find that the efficiency of subsidies increases as the scale of car-sharing users, demand elasticity, or total number of travelers increases. Additionally, the subsidy levels should be lower than the environmental benefits of car-sharing but higher than the difference in travel costs between private cars and car-sharing. Future work will involve other game players such as car-sharing operators in order to draw deeper conclusions, and will involve the collection of data from more countries and cities to develop the robustness of the conclusions.

College students’ utilization of the Internet to search for mental health information: Effects on mental health literacy, stigma, and help-seeking

Objective The current study examined how college students search online for mental health information and the impact of these searches on mental health literacy, stigma, and help-seeking. Method Undergraduate participants (N = 270; Fall 2015 to Spring 2019) were randomly assigned to search online for information about coping with anxiety for themselves or a friend (experimental activity), or to utilize Google Maps to answer navigational questions (control). Results Participants who conducted an online search demonstrated greater mental health literacy including optimism about psychotherapy, and lower levels of certain types of stigma, but lower willingness to seek/recommend professional help. Participants were more likely to recommend professional help for a friend compared to themselves. Conclusions Online searches for mental health information have the potential to increase mental health literacy. Universities can harness the Internet to reduce help-seeking barriers but should also address when it is appropriate to engage in self-help versus seek professional help.

Practising urban agriculture positively influences household organic waste management habits: A quantitative study from Florianópolis, Brazil.

Proper household organic waste management practices are crucial to limit the negative environmental and health impacts that can result from inappropriate municipal waste treatment. The environmental impacts of organic waste have previously been described in the literature, and the main treatment strategy for managing such waste relies on technical facilities such as biodigesters. However, such technologies require significant financial investments, which could hinder their application in areas with lower economic power. Among the several available organic waste treatment strategies, composting for urban agricultural (UA) use has become increasingly popular. Although the literature suggests that UA can contribute to organic waste management by encouraging self-treatment practices, investigations into how practising UA can influence household waste management behaviours have been limited thus far. To this end, we analyse the role of practising UA along with other demographic variables, such as age, gender, education, income and housing conditions, in influencing citizens' household organic waste management behaviours. The city of Florianópolis, Brazil was selected as a case study since that municipality recently passed a new organic waste regulation law that supports the use of organic compost in UA. We surveyed 206 individuals regarding their household organic waste management habits in four behavioural areas: (i) separation, (ii) use of public services, (iii) self-treatment and (iv) reduction. The dataset comprises 102 individuals who were actively engaged in UA activities and 104 who were not involved in UA to compare habits of the two groups. The results show that UA practitioners are more likely to separate and self-treat their organic waste and use the derived compost for gardening activities. The use of public facilities for organic waste management is influenced by people's housing conditions. Respondents who lived in an apartment with no access to a garden logically had a lower willingness than did those with garden access to self-treat the organic waste produced. On the other hand, the results show that UA practitioners compost their own organic waste regardless of their housing conditions. The results show a strong, positive influence of practising UA on self-composting and thereby highlight the role of such practices in sensitizing urban residents to waste management issues and supporting local organic waste management strategies. Although the debate over the role of UA in organic waste management is still open, we reveal that highlighting this role could support a shift towards a circular approach to organic waste treatment.

Development of Ecological Low-Carbon Agriculture with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era: Features, Practical Issues, and Pathways

Agriculture is not only the source of carbon emissions, but also an important carbon sink. The development of low-carbon agriculture in China is closely related to achieving the national strategic goal of “dual carbon.” Reducing carbon emissions in China’s agricultural sector and accelerating the development of ecological low-carbon agriculture (ELA) are extremely important and urgent, both from the perspective of the long-term common welfare for mankind and from the perspective of maintaining the sustainable development of agriculture itself. However, ELA is still an emerging concept in China, and its connotation and characteristics are not yet clear. There is a lack of effective paths for orderly and scientific promotion of the development of ELA in China. Based on this, this paper focuses on the emerging concept of ELA and examines ELA with Chinese characteristics from the dimensions of connotation, features, practical issues, and pathways, aiming to provide guidance for the sustainable development of ELA in China. The research results indicate that there are regional development imbalances, low willingness of farmers to participate, insufficient technological reserves, and difficulties in realizing the value of ecological products in China’s ELA. It is necessary to improve the modern agricultural production and operation system, tap into the potential of agricultural emission reduction and carbon sequestration, build a technical system to support the development of ELA, and establish a sound mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products. By continuously improving the regional organizational capacity and performance of ELA, accelerating the advancement of ELA technology and demonstrating its regional promotion, and by establishing and continuously improving the support system for ELA, one can promote the sustainable development of ELA in China. In addition, the research findings of this paper can also provide reference for the ecological low-carbon development of the global agricultural sector, supporting the contribution of the agricultural sector to achieving high-quality global sustainable development goals.

Exploring pharmacists' attitude, willingness and barriers to provide extended community pharmacy services: Implications for improved pharmacy services.

This study aimed to evaluate pharmacists' attitude and willingness to provide extended community pharmacy services (ECPS), the barriers to ECPS, and the factors associated with attitude and willingness to implement ECPS. In this cross-sectional study, a validated, self-administered questionnaire was distributed online to community pharmacists across the United Arab Emirates between September and November 2023. In addition to sociodemographic data, the questionnaire evaluated attitudes toward ECPS, willingness to provide ECPS, and barriers to its implementation. Binary logistic regression was conducted to explore the factors associated with attitude and willingness to implement ECPS. The study included 409 pharmacists. Over half of the participants reported below the median attitude (58.7%) and willingness (59.4%) scores. Female pharmacists had a lower attitude towards ECPS (OR = 0.425, 95%CI: 0.242-0.747). Higher number of daily prescriptions (OR = 1.066, 95%CI: 1.029-1.105) and being a Pharm D graduate (OR = 2.664, 95%CI: 1.439-4.932) were associated with higher willingness to provide ECPS, while an increased number of employed pharmacists (OR = 0.518, 95%CI: 0.397-0.676) was associated with a lower willingness (OR = 0.049, 95%CI: 0.004-0.660). Patients' preoccupation (76.5%), lack of specific training (76.3%), lack of clinical problem-solving skills (74.6%) and lack of a private consultation room (74.6%) were the most commonly reported barriers to ECPS. Community pharmacists demonstrated unsatisfactory levels of attitude and willingness towards ECPS provision. Therefore, providing training and education programs that enhance pharmacists' perception and willingness to implement ECPS and emphasize improving clinical problem-solving skills, as well as setting up specific private consultation rooms, is deemed necessary. Female pharmacy graduates, pharmacists dispensing fewer daily prescriptions, and those working with a higher number of employed pharmacists should be specifically targeted when implementing these strategies.

A planning model for coal power exit scales based on minimizing idle and shortage losses: A case study of China

Owing to the rising energy demand and coal dependency in developing countries, the losses incurred from coal power exit are substantial, leading to a low willingness to exit and a high risk of tragedy of the commons. Concurrently, the normalization of peak loads and increasing penetration of renewable energy have exacerbated the contradiction between the overall electricity surplus and peak power shortages in these countries. In response to these challenges, we propose an optimal planning model for a coal power exit scale based on the minimization of losses from idle coal power and industrial power shortages. The main findings are presented as follows: First, compared with the coal power exit models guided by the energy trilemma, our model can reduce losses (the primary demand in developing countries) by at least 22 %, and, in some scenarios, it can increase the exit scale by up to 147 GW. Second, unlike existing methods that measure the overall impact of power shortages, our approach is better at capturing industries' production loss characteristics, which is important for developing countries (positioned in the production segment of the industrial chain), including the evolution patterns of resource and time losses, recovery trajectories of power interruptions, and main influencing factors. Third, China's optimal coal power exit scale for 2030 fluctuates between −7 and 282 GW, with total losses between 48.34 and 188.86 billion yuan. This study provides quantitative tools and decision-making references for optimizing coal power exit and power use.

Job Attractiveness and Distance as Predictors of Willingness to Move

The aim of this paper is to find out whether young and educated people are willing to move for an attractive job and if so, whether the willingness to move will change with increasing distance from their place of residence. The survey found that college students (N = 690) are most willing to move for attractive work within the county (region) in which they currently reside. A smaller proportion is also willing to move within their home country, but in the case of labour migration abroad the declared willingness decreases significantly. The willingness to move decreases with increasing distance from the current place of residence. Statistically significant differences in willingness to move were also found between full-time and part-time students, with a statistically significantly lower willingness in the case of part-time students. In the case of international mobility, students declare that they would prefer temporary mobility to permanent mobility. However, employers need to offer competitive remuneration as well as career development opportunities, and local governments need to pay attention to factors that contribute to satisfaction with living and living arrangements.

Distance to offshore wind farms, onshore wind power spillover relationships, and the willingness to pay for farshore, large-scale wind power development

ABSTRACT As demands for clean energy mount to meet international and national climate goals, constant tension and trade-offs regarding where to site large-scale offshore wind farms (OWF) remain. Using data from a choice experiment to elicit preferences for large-scale, 3.6 gigawatts OWFs in Denmark, we find that respondents living far from a proposed or existing offshore wind power projects have a lower willingness to pay (WTP) to locate new OWFs at 12 km, 18 km, or 50 km relative to 8 km from the coast. Furthermore, based on the estimated densities of existing onshore wind turbines at a given respondent’s postal (ZIP) code level, we find evidence of a significant relationship between existing onshore wind power development and preferences for proposed OWF locations.

Does serum neurofilament light chain measurement influence therapeutic decisions in multiple sclerosis?

BackgroundThe assessment of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) concentration in multiple sclerosis (MS) is a useful tool for predicting clinical outcomes and assessing treatment response. However, its use in clinical practice is still limited. We aimed to assess how measurement of sNfL influences neurologists’ treatment decisions in MS. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, web-based study in collaboration with the Spanish Society of Neurology. Neurologists involved in MS care were presented with different simulated case scenarios of patients experiencing either their first demyelinating MS event or a relapsing-remitting MS. The primary outcome was therapeutic inertia (TI), defined as the absence of treatment initiation or intensification despite elevated sNfL levels. Nine cases were included to estimate the TI score (range 0–9, where higher values represented a higher degree of TI). ResultsA total of 116 participants were studied. Mean age (standard deviation-SD) was 41.9 (10.1) years, 53.4 % male. Seventy-eight (67.2 %) were neurologists fully dedicated to the care of demyelinating disorders. Mean (SD) TI score was 3.65 (1.01). Overall, 92.2 % of participants (n = 107) presented TI in at least 2/9 case scenarios. The lack of full dedication to MS care (p = 0.014), preference for taking risks (p = 0.008), and low willingness to adopt evidence-based innovations (p = 0.009) were associated with higher TI scores in the multivariate analysis after adjustment for confounders. ConclusionTI was a common phenomenon among neurologists managing MS patients when faced with the decision to initiate or escalate treatment based on elevated sNfL levels. Identifying factors associated with this phenomenon may help optimize treatment decisions in MS care.

Exploring the willingness and evolutionary process of public participation in community shared energy storage projects: Evidence from four first-tier cities in China

Community shared energy storage projects (CSES) are a key initiative for maintaining grid stability in the process of advancing the low-carbon transition of energy systems. Understanding the public's willingness to participate is fundamental to CSES implementation and promotion. However, limited research has focused on this topic. This study investigated the public's willingness to participate in CSES, based on an extended technology acceptance model, and used social network modeling to explore the evolutionary process of public participation in CSES under different policy combination scenarios. Empirical data were obtained from online questionnaire surveys in four first-tier cities in China (N = 1276). The results show that (1) the majority (approximately 71.48%) of residents have a higher willingness to participate in CSES, but their willingness to invest in it is lower (22.32 yuan/month). Residents with lower willingness mainly believed that they should not pay extra maintenance and management fees for energy storage equipment, followed by concerns about the safety of this equipment. (2) Economic benefits, functional value, risk affordability, peer influence, and personal altruism are the determining factors that affect public participation in CSES. (3) Social interaction is beneficial for information transmission, thereby reducing the cognitive differences among the public regarding CSES. (4) The “economic incentive and mandatory” policy combination has significantly increased the proportion of public participation in CSES, but there is psychological resistance from the public toward policy implementation in the early stages. The “economic incentive and publicity” policy combination can promote public participation in CSES slightly. The combination of economic incentives, mandatory policies, and publicity policies has a synergistic effect. These findings provide new insights for application research in energy technology innovation.

Determinants of potential HIV vaccine uptake among young sexual minoritized men 17-24 years old.

Failures in prior roll-out of HIV prevention efforts have widened disparities in HIV incidence by race/ethnicity among young sexual minoritized men (YSMM). We hypothesized greater perceptions of medical mistrust would be associated with lower willingness to get an HIV vaccine, mediating the relationship between race/ethnicity and willingness to accept a future HIV vaccine. HIV-negative and unknown-status YSMM 17-24 years old (n = 229) recruited via social media and men-for-men networking apps completed online surveys from September 2021 to March 2022. Participants were asked about demographics, medical mistrust (healthcare-related sexual orientation stigma, healthcare-related race stigma, global medical mistrust, and trust in healthcare providers), and willingness to accept a future HIV vaccine. Vaccine willingness was highest among White YSMM (96.0%) and lower among Black (71.0%), Latino (83.6%), and multiracial or another race/ethnicity YSMM (80.0%). Even after accounting for medical mistrust constructs as mediators, compared to White participants, Black participants had lower odds of being willing to accept a future HIV vaccine. Participants with greater trust in healthcare providers had higher odds of willingness to accept a future HIV vaccine. Gaps in willingness to get an HIV vaccine are evident among YSMM by race/ethnicity, indicating potential further widening of disparities in HIV incidence when a vaccine becomes available without intervention.

Determining the payment for ecosystem services of mangrove forests: The approach combining ecosystem services and social-economic level and application in Shankou National Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China

Mangrove wetlands are among the ecosystems with the highest value of ecosystem services worldwide. Determining the standards of payment for ecosystem services based on the value of ecosystem services is a crucial aspect of the socio-ecological feedback linked to ecosystem services. The gap between the current standards of payment for ecosystem services and those based on the value of ecosystem services may result in inadequate sustainability and effectiveness of ecosystem conservation and management. In view of this, this study aims to determine the standard of payment for mangrove ecosystem services based on the value of mangrove ecosystem services, and subsequently identify the gap in the current payment. This study assessed the value of mangrove ecosystem services in the Guangxi Shankou Mangrove Ecological National Nature Reserve based on the distinction of use value and the non-use value, and then calculated the standard of payment for mangrove ecosystem services by combining social-economic level. The results indicate that the establishment of the nature reserve has effectively increased the value of mangrove ecosystem services. However, the local residents' lack of awareness of the value of mangrove ecosystem services and the current standard of payment for mangrove ecosystem services is substantially low, which has resulted in a low willingness to participate in mangrove conservation.

The impact mechanism of enterprise financialization on firm innovation

Financial market development provided enterprises with more financing options, which affected their innovation activities. This study is based on 1,274 manufacturing companies. We found a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between enterprise financialization and ambidextrous innovation, and financing constraints can negatively regulate this relationship. The inverted U-shaped impact was more significant in enterprises with large-scale financial backgrounds and low innovation willingness. This study provides targeted guidance for improving corporate innovation.