Low-voltage Electric Field Research Articles

Selective electro-capacitive deionization of Yb(III) by nanospherical N-doped carbon supported nickel‑iron bimetallic oxide, nitride and phosphide

The separation of rare earth elements from the mining waste water is highly important but still facing challenge. In this study, three different porous composite electrode materials were well-designed by decorating the nickel‑iron bimetallic oxide, nitride or phosphide onto nitrogen-doped carbon nanosphere, respectively (termed as NiFeO@NC, NiFeN@NC and NiFeP@NC), and utilized in capacitive deionization device for electrosorption of Yb(III) from water under the low-voltage electric field. The characterization and electrochemical results indicated that the incorporation of N or P atom lead to the reduced specific surface area and the enhanced electrochemical properties (i.e., larger specific capacitance, lower charge transfer resistance). In addition, NiFeN@NC and NiFeP@NC exhibited the excellent electrosorption capacities of Yb(III) with 105.24 mg·g−1 and 90.31 mg·g−1, respectively, under conditions of a flow rate of 20 mL·min−1, a voltage of 1.2 V, and pH of 5.0, which was extremely higher than NiFeO@NC (i.e., 50.7 mg·g−1). Moreover, all these three materials also demonstrated the remarkable electrosorption selectivity of Yb(III) from the mixed solution, and the robust durability with over 90 % of initial capacities after ten consecutive electrosorption-desorption cycles. Furthermore, the XPS characterizations and electrosorption results revealed that the electrosorption mechanism mainly depended on the synergistic effects of intrinsic Faraday redox reaction, electric double layer capacitance and active binding sites. Therefore, this work provided a feasible strategy for the separation of rare earth elements from aqueous solution, and the prospective applications related to the recovery of rare earth elements from mining wastes or spent permanent magnets in future life.

Synergism between a Low-Voltage Electric Field and an Ionic Liquid for Efficient Extraction of Multiple Components with Biological Activities from Periplaneta americana

Synergism between a Low-Voltage Electric Field and an Ionic Liquid for Efficient Extraction of Multiple Components with Biological Activities from <i>Periplaneta americana</i>

Low voltage electric field mediating gravity-driven membrane bioreactor in treating saline wastewater: removal improvement and membrane fouling control

Gravity-driven membrane bioreactor (GDMBR) endowed with low maintenance and energy consumption owing to its combinations between biological degradation and membrane rejection, however, has not been reported in treating the saline wastewater due to the potential biological inhibition. This study investigated the effects of salt on GDMBR performance, and introduced a novel low voltage electric field (eGDMBR) with hopes to mediate the biological activity and improve the filtration performance. The influence of different low voltage electric fields (0.25 V, 0.50 V, and 0.75 V) on the flux variations and contaminants removal of eGDMBR were investigated. The results demonstrated that integrating low voltage electric field into GDMBR would not impact the appearance of flux stabilization, but delivered a significant influence on its stabilized flux level, and 0.50 V was the optimized voltage, contributing to a substantial flux improvement of 47.10 % in eGDMBR-0.50. Moreover, with the assistance of low voltage electric fields, eGDMBR process obtained an effective removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and total phosphorus (TP), accounting for average removal efficiency of 54.01 %, 73.08 % and 25.74 %, respectively. Compared to the control, coupling 0.50 V voltage electric field to GDMBR was beneficial to engineer a loose, porous and heterogeneous structure of membrane biofilm and also reduce the accumulation of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), significantly contributing to alleviating the membrane fouling. Furthermore, with the assistance of low voltage electric fields, the Proteobacteria was enriched by a relative abundance of 58.58 % in the membrane biofilm of eGDMBR-0.50, which was in favor of the degradation of COD and NH4+-N. Therefore, these findings indicated that eGDMBR conferred significant superiorities in treating the saline wastewater and mitigating membrane fouling.

Electric field-assisted aerobic co-composting of chicken manure and kitchen waste: Ammonia mitigation and maturation enhancement

A low-voltage electric field assisted strategy is considered to be effective in improving compost effect of conventional chicken manure composting (CCMC), but it lacks a critical assessment of NH3 mitigation and suitability for complex initial materials. This study firstly constructed an electric field-assisted aerobic co-composting (EFAC) of chicken manure and kitchen waste to evaluate NH3 mitigation and compost maturity. The results showed that the NH3 emissions of EFAC were 48.73% lower than those of CCMC. The proposed mechanisms suggest that the combined effect of reduced acidity and electric field inhibited the activities and functions related to ammoniation and ammonia–nitrogen conversion. The germination index of EFAC was 54.29% higher than that of CCMC, due to the enhancement of compost maturation. This study demonstrates that the electric field-assisted strategy for co-composting has a broad potential to reduce ammonia emissions and enhance the disposal of complex feedstocks.

New-style electrokinetic-adsorption remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil using double-group electrodes coupled with chitosan-activated carbon composite membranes

Global soil cadmium (Cd(II)) contamination threatens the soil environment, food safety, and human health. Conventional electrokinetic remediation (EKR) and enhancement methods usually operate in strong electric fields, leading to strong side reactions and uneven removal. In this work, to remove Cd(II) from soil effectively in a low-voltage electric field, a new-style electrokinetic-adsorption remediation using double-group electrodes coupled with chitosan-activated carbon composite membranes (DE-EKR-CAC) was developed. Chitosan-activated carbon (CAC) composite membranes were synthesized for easy recovery and reuse of adsorbents. The effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration, and foreign ions on the removal of Cd(II) by the CAC composite membranes were determined. The CAC composite membranes performed well except in a strongly acidic environment (pH = 2.0). The soil pH varied between 3.4 and 5.0 in DE-EKR-CAC, where the CAC composite membranes were applicable. High concentrations of Ca2+ interfered with the adsorption of Cd(II), which means that the selectivity of CAC composite membranes for Cd(II) is not high enough. The Langmuir (R2 = 0.999) and pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 = 1.0) models revealed the monolayer coverage and chemisorption mechanism, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 40.81 mg/g. Furthermore, SEM, FTIR, and XPS analyses suggest that physical adsorption, complexation of oxygen-containing functional groups, chelation of amino groups, and ion exchange are potential mechanisms for the adsorption of Cd(II) on CAC. DE-EKR-CAC performed better than the group remediated with one set of electrodes, with higher removal efficiencies and more uniform removal. The lowest energy consumption was 3.33 kWh/m3, which is lower than other enhancement methods. Separation of CAC composite membranes from soil is easy, and reuse performance is good. DE-EKR-CAC provides a potential option for Cd(II) removal from soil because of its better performance using low-voltage direct current, low energy consumption, and ease of recycling the adsorbent.

Direct electrification of silicon microfluidics for electric field applications

Microfluidic systems are widely used in fundamental research and industrial applications due to their unique behavior, enhanced control, and manipulation opportunities of liquids in constrained geometries. In micrometer-sized channels, electric fields are efficient mechanisms for manipulating liquids, leading to deflection, injection, poration or electrochemical modification of cells and droplets. While PDMS-based microfluidic devices are used due to their inexpensive fabrication, they are limited in terms of electrode integration. Using silicon as the channel material, microfabrication techniques can be used to create nearby electrodes. Despite the advantages that silicon provides, its opacity has prevented its usage in most important microfluidic applications that need optical access. To overcome this barrier, silicon-on-insulator technology in microfluidics is introduced to create optical viewports and channel-interfacing electrodes. More specifically, the microfluidic channel walls are directly electrified via selective, nanoscale etching to introduce insulation segments inside the silicon device layer, thereby achieving the most homogeneous electric field distributions and lowest operation voltages feasible across microfluidic channels. These ideal electrostatic conditions enable a drastic energy reduction, as effectively shown via picoinjection and fluorescence-activated droplet sorting applications at voltages below 6 and 15 V, respectively, facilitating low-voltage electric field applications in next-generation microfluidics.

The two-stage air thawing based on low voltage electric field (LVEF) can make the quality of thawed chicken breast close to that before freezing

Low voltage electric field (LVEF) thawing has been shown to be an effective method of thawing. In this study, chicken breast meat was thawed in a fixed electric field voltage (2.5 KV), and the thawing process was divided into two stages: stage Ⅰ (−20 °C to −5 °C) and stage Ⅱ (−5 °C to −1 °C). The effects of two-stage air thawing based on low voltage electric field (TLT) on the quality of chicken breast were investigated by altering the thawing temperature (T1 and T2) in two stages. The results showed that TLT could significantly (P＜0.05) reduce thawing time and thawing loss than air thawing. Among them, TLT22.5–7.5 samples almost retained the same tissue structure as fresh chicken breast, allowing the muscle fibers/bundles to capture more immobile water. TLT22.5–7.5 samples not only kept the color similar to fresh meat, but also had an obviously better moisture correlation characteristic than other thawed samples. TLT also demonstrated a strong microbial reproduction inhibitory impact. The thawed chicken could obtain a comparatively fresh quality if T2 was kept below 15 °C. Therefore, TLT is expected to reduce total thawing time and prevent meat quality deterioration caused by the freezing and thawing process.

Electric field-driven fabrication of anisotropic hydrogels from plant proteins: Microstructure, gel performance and formation mechanism

Soy protein isolate (SPI) hydrogels with anisotropic structures were fabricated under a low voltage electric field (1.5 V/cm) and different levels of NaCl (100–500 mmol/L). Under the weak direct-current electric field, the negatively charged protein molecules orderly arranged and accumulated around the positive electrode, where the surface charges of the amino acids were screened by the local H+ and added ions. Meanwhile, the random coil in the protein secondary structure disappeared to form ordered structures (α-helix and β-turn), and the protein exposed more hydrophobic and sulfhydryl groups. Intermolecular interactions, including disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions facilitated the cross-linking of protein molecules to form hydrogels. All the hydrogels showed anisotropic networks, and the fraction of SPI attached to the gel phase (36.80% ∼ 62.17%) was found to increase with the rise of NaCl level in the protein solution. Moreover, the hardness (96.13–210.54 g), springiness (33.88% ∼ 68.30%), chewiness (121.59–292.12 g⋅s) and swelling resistance (142.79% ∼ 54.20%) of electrogels were all enhanced with increased NaCl level. Conversely, a higher ionic strength compromised the water holding stability (99.62% ∼ 66.75%) of electrogels, which could be attributed to the increased pore size within their networks that allowed moisture to be transferred. These findings may provide a novel insight for design and fabrication of plant protein hydrogels with desirable structures and characters through a green and sustainable approach.

Highly-efficient cathodic lysis of biofilm on conductive carbon nanotube membranes

Biofouling is a major problem observed with membrane-based water treatment systems. In this work, cathodic lysis of bacteria and biofilms on carbon nanotube (CNT) membrane was investigated as a novel mechanism for biofouling reduction. Considering the biofilm growth cycle, electrolysis of sessile bacteria and established bacterial biofilms were separately investigated. The results showed that cathodic electrolysis at 3.0 V for 3 h effectively eliminated 99.23% of the sessile bacteria on the CNT membrane. An extended treatment of mature biofilm for 21 h led to 93.92% reduction in viable bacterial density and 98.6% decrease in biofilm coverage. Besides, analyses of the membrane permeate revealed that the biofilm lysis released cell contents into the CNT matrix, which were subsequently removed by electrolysis. As a result, the normalized transmembrane pressure for the fouled membrane decreased from 4.23 to 2.06 after 21 h of electrolysis. Moreover, the cathodic lysis of bacteria and biofilm by the low-voltage electric field was mainly ascribed to the electro-generated H2O2 and the associated bio-electrochemical effects. This work provided a facile approach for in-situ mitigation of biofouling caused by chlorine-resistant bacteria, which was conducive to energy-efficient operation of membrane-based water treatment facilities.

Low-Voltage Plasma Generator Based on Standing Wave Voltage Magnification

The applied electronics domain has great importance due to many applications, such as energy conversion, directly influencing specific processes involving renewable energy. The development of newer manufacturing processes for many integrated components allows for better overall efficiency in certain switching DC/DC converters used for implementing such low-voltage electric field or X-ray generators. Hence, the work presented in this paper involves the development of a helical resonator using a complex DC/DC low-voltage power supply and other required high-voltage conversion circuits. It also follows that there is a possibility of improving this design using only renewable energy supplies. Following two different approach methods, using a circuit model compared to transmission line mathematics, the standing wave propagation mathematics yields multiple scenarios for building a model that predicts the secondary side natural frequency. Moreover, standing wave occurrence conditions in various-dimensioned conductors were further investigated.

Effect of applied low-voltage spatial electric field on the corrosion behaviour of copper in 3.5 wt-% NaCl solution

ABSTRACT Electrochemical tests and surface analyses were carried out to study the influence of the external low-voltage spatial electric field (SEF) on the corrosion behaviour of copper in 3.5 wt-% NaCl solution and explore the corrosion kinetics of copper under the SEF. The results show that the presence of the SEF aggravated the corrosion of copper; the results of weight loss tests and electrochemical tests indicated the enhanced corrosion rate of copper as the field strength increased. The X-ray diffraction results of corrosion products suggested that the Cu2O converted to Cu2(OH)3Cl with application of the SEF. The effect of the SEF on the copper proved the increase in corrosion rate was attributed to the enhanced migration of ions towards the sample surface caused by the external SEF. It resulted in more aggressive chloride ions to penetrate into the looser surface corrosion product film, thereby accelerating corrosion.

Protection and Guidance of Downstream Moving Fish with Electrified Horizontal Bar Rack Bypass Systems

Horizontal bar rack bypass systems (HBR-BS) are characterized by a horizontal bar rack (HBR) with narrow clear bar spacing of 10–20 mm and an adjacent bypass (BS) to efficiently protect and guide downstream moving fish at water intakes. The small bar spacing may lead to operational challenges, such as clogging and high head losses. This study investigated whether combining an HBR with a low-voltage electric field (e-HBR) allows one to increase the clear bar spacing while maintaining a high standard of fish protection and guidance efficiency. To this end, an HBR-BS with 20 mm bar spacing and an e-HBR-BS with 20 and 51 mm bar spacing were tested with spirlin (Alburnoides bipunctatus) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in a laboratory flume. The racks were electrified with 38 V pulsed direct current. The protection efficiency of the e-HBR with 51 mm was 96% for spirlin and 86% for eels, which are similar results to those of the HBR with 20 mm. Some eels passed through the e-HBR, but only when they were parallel to the rack. Fish injuries of variable severeness due to the electrification were observed. The results highlight the potential of hybrid barriers for the protection of downstream moving fish. However, fish injuries due to electricity may occur; and reporting applied voltage, electrode geometry, resulting electric field strength and the pulse pattern of the electrified rack setup is necessary to ensure comparability among studies and to avoid injuries.

Incorporation of electroendocytosis and nanosecond pulsed electric field in electrochemotherapy of breast cancer cells

ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the possibility to perform electrochemotherapy using nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) and low electric field (LEF) monopolar electrical impulses to alleviate the problems of conventional electroporation. Two types of pulses have been used to treat MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line: very low voltage (electric field strength) long trains of short unipolar electric pulses, and low frequencies of extremely intense (40kV/cm), ultra-short (10ns) electric pulses. The electropermeabilization efficiency of the formed endocytotic vesicles was measured using the cloning efficacy test. The cell viability was decreased significantly at a repetition frequency begins from 0.01 Hz by ~35% and reached complete cell loss at 1 Hz of nanosecond pulses for cells treated before with monopolar pulses at 20 V/cm in the presence of BLM with 4 µM concentration. The uptake of non-permeant drugs has been done without plasma membrane permeabilization (classical electroporation), but by endocytosis. Nanosecond electric pulses can disrupt the membrane of endocytotic vesicles and release the cytotoxic drug bleomycin.

In situ removal of cadmium by short-distance migration under the action of a low-voltage electric field and granular activated carbon

Cd pollution in soil is a global environmental issue of great concern. The secondary release and low removal rate of Cd are obstacles to the use of adsorption techniques. To develop a sustainable and effective remediation technique, low-voltage direct current (DC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) were applied for in situ Cd removal. The results showed that a low-voltage gradient was more favourable than a high-voltage gradient for Cd removal. A voltage gradient of 0.2 V cm−1 acted as a driving force for Cd migration while limiting the side effects caused by DC. As an auxiliary enhancement measure, polarity exchange was effective in maintaining uniform distributions of soil moisture and temperature as well as a stable pH while improving Cd removal by weakening inhibition caused by OH− generated at the cathodes. The average removal rates of total and bioavailable Cd were 61.05% and 76.96%, respectively. The potential mobility of Cd in soil was assessed by the mobility factor (MF). The MF was lowered from 42.66% to 8.96%, indicating that the risks of Cd mobility were reduced to low levels. The energy consumption and utilization efficiency of the method were 5.65 KWh m−3 and 11.25, respectively. The energy utilization efficiency was significantly higher than the efficiencies of other methods that use DC to improve Cd removal. The results suggested that the in situ removal of Cd by low-voltage DC and GAC was efficient and avoided the secondary release of Cd.

Comparative study of low-voltage electric field-induced, ultrasound-assisted and maceration extraction of phenolic acids

This study designed to conduction an investigation into the effect of low-voltage electric field (EF) on the phenolic acids extraction from plant materials. In this regards, Nepeta racemosa was selected to study as a source of phenolic acids. The EF extracted phenolic acids amounts were compared with ultrasound-assisted and maceration extractions. Suitable extraction condition was optimized for ultrasound-assisted extraction. The EF method was optimized for voltage (40, 50 and 60 V) and electrodes gap (1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 cm). Phenolic acid amounts and antioxidant activity of extracts were investigated by HPLC and DPPH radical methods, respectively. The optimal condition for EF method extraction of total studied phenolic acids amount was obtained 2.5 cm of electrodes gap and 40 V for applied voltage. The results showed a considerable increasing in total phenolic acid amounts and antioxidant activity for EF comparison with other methods. Total phenolic acid amount and antioxidant activity of maceration, ultrasound-assisted and EF extraction methods were obtained as 3.58, 7.57, 19.88 mg/g dw of plant and IC50 values of 110.77, 81.44, 43.74 μg/mL, respectively. Based on obtained results, EF extraction method caused to increase of phenolic acids amounts 3–4 times and antioxidant activity 2–3 times rather that other methods. The findings for Nepeta racemosa extract suggest application of electric field extraction method for food and industrial purposes because of increasing bioactive compounds recovery and decreasing of time and cost.

Applying low voltage electrostatic field in the freezing process of beef steak reduced the loss of juiciness and textural properties

This research aimed to reduce the loss of juiciness and textural properties of prepared beef steak during freezing by applying low voltage electric field (LVEF). Results showed that LVEF assisted freezing (LVEFF) speeded up the freezing process by 29.8% of the steak at the layer spacing of 30 cm (LVEFF-30). And LVEFF-30 efficiently reduced the press loss and thawing loss of the prepared steak by 21.2% and 47.4%, respectively. Textural analysis showed that LVEFF could enhance the hardness and tenderness of the thawed steak comparing with AF (air-blast freezing). Analysis of the size and distribution of ice crystals in muscle revealed that LVEFF could promote more uniform crystal nuclei and more rapid ice nucleation than AF. Low field nuclear magnetic resonance showed that LVEFF reduced the migration of immobilized water to free water, where LVEFF-30 was the most efficient manner. In conclusion, LVEFF could efficiently reduce the juiciness and textural loss of prepared beef steak during freezing comparing with AF. Industrial relevanceThe juiciness and textural properties may seriously lose in traditional freezing method (AF), which reduces the quality of the prepared meat products and are unfavorable to consumers. LVEF represents a safe and energy-efficient physical processing technique based on electrostatic field, which has never been utilized in freezing meat products. Herein, the effect of LVEF on the juiciness and textural loss of prepared beef steak during freezing and the underlying mechanism will be discussed. The results will provide guidance for utilizing LVEF in the freezing storage and transport of prepared beef steak.

Low voltage electric field governs fibrous silk electrogels

Silk fibroin gels, formed with electric fields, have been studied and potential utility in medical materials. However, silk electrogels with controllable nanofiber network morphology have rarely been reported. In this work, low voltage electric field was developed to control the nanofiber network morphology formation and resulting electrogelation of silk fibroin aqueous solution, inducing a transition from an overall protein structure that is initially rich in random coil to one that is rich in β-sheet. Under low voltage (3–24 V), solution concentration (≤5.0 wt%), and neutral, alkaline conditions, silk fibroin fibrous electrogels were easily formed. At the same time, compression test result exhibited the compressive stress of silk fibroin fibrous electrogels was 250.17 ± 16.50 kPa at dry state, which formed from silk fibroin concentration 3.0 wt%. Moreover, the recovery rate of electrogels can reach more than 50% after 10 compression-recovery circles, exhibiting excellent flexibility. In addition, silk fibroin electrogels loaded cefixime drugs have obvious antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli than commercial medical band-aids. Drug-loaded silk fibroin fibrous electrogels supported mouse embryonic fibroblasts 3 T3 cells attachment and proliferation over 7 days. This study offers an effective approach to design and synthesis of new dressings.

Serial Switch Only Rectifier as a Power Conditioning Circuit for Electric Field Energy Harvesting

Because traditional electronics cannot directly use the alternating output voltage and current provided by electric field energy harvesters, harvesting systems require additional regulating and conditioning circuits. In this field, this work presents a conditioning circuit, called serial switch-only rectifier (SSOR) for low-voltage electric field energy harvesting (EFEH) applications. The proposed approach consists of a tubular topology harvester mounted on the outer jacket of a 230 V three-wires electrical cable (neutral, ground, and phase), in which terminals are connected to SSOR. We compare SSOR performance with classic electronic approaches, such as a full-bridge rectifier and voltage doubler. Experimental findings showed that the gathered energy by a 1 m cylindrical harvester increased in approximately 73.3% using the SSOR as a power management circuit. Experimental findings showed that the gathered energy by a 1 m cylindrical harvester increase in approximately 73.3% using the SSOR as a power management circuit. This increase is principally due to the fact that a serial bidirectional switch disconnects the harvester from the rest of the management circuit, enhancing the charge collection process. Although simulated results disclosed that SSOR increased collected energy for smaller-scale harvesters (experimental tests obtained using a 10 cm cylindrical harvester), additional losses in bidirectional switch reduced its performance. In addition, we introduce a comprehensive analysis of EFEH systems based on SSOR according to the mains frequency for future power systems.

Influence of low voltage electric field stimulation on hydrogen generation from anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge

Low voltage electric field is an important stimulation condition for biochemical metabolic of microorganism. But few literatures were available related to the effect of low voltage electric field on hydrogen production from anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS). This study aims to explore such influencing thus carried a series experiments under 35 ± 1 °C and pH 7.0 ± 0.2. The experimental results showed that the hydrogen production increased from 28.1 to 32.5 mL/g VSS with electric field strengthening from 0 to 40 V/m. The mechanism explorations revealed that the yield of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) yield could reach 1.16-fold of control group when the highest-level electric field (40 V/m) forced in the anaerobic fermentation system with dextran as model substrate. Further analysis of relative activities of functional enzymes, such as NADH, acetate kinase, butyrate kinase and OAATC, showed that it was promoted by electric field stimulation as 2.09, 1.52, 1.28 and 1.16-fold of the control test, respectively. Meanwhile, the conductivity of fermentation liquor in presence of low voltage electric field stimulation increased 83% compared with the control group. This work verified the promotion of low voltage electric field stimulation on hydrogen production from anaerobic digestion of WAS and might provide a new sight for the green energy generation.

Reactivation of Fenton catalytic performance for Fe3O4 catalyst: Optimizing the cyclic performance by low voltage electric field

Some Fenton Fe3O4 catalysts have the problem that the catalytic performance gradually weakens with increasing number of cycles, which brings economic losses and treatment difficulties to industrial wastewater treatment. In this work, the cyclic catalytic performance of Fenton N-rGO/Fe3O4 NPs catalysts for methylene blue (MB) has been enhanced by the reactivation process under the electric field. The effects of chemical reactions, voltage and electrolytic time on the cyclic performance of Fenton catalysts during the reactivation were discussed in detail. The first and fourth complete degradation of MB by fresh catalysts need 10 min and 20 min. After 2 h of reactivation using H2O as electrolyte at 1.0 V, the fourth complete degradation of MB only took 10 min. Zeta potential and CV curves showed that recovered catalyst has supplemented with surface electrons during the reactivation process. Characterizations demonstrated that the structure and composition of catalyst would not be influenced during the reactivation process. In short, the reactivation process under low voltage electric field is of great significance to Fenton Fe3O4 catalysts in the field of industrial water treatment.