Low Tolerance To Uncertainty Research Articles

B2B informal networking influences on relational outcomes in emerging and developed nations: a multiregional empirical study

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how indigenous socio-cultural (ISC) practices within informal networks, such as guanxi and wasta, provide benefits beyond mere access. Specifically, the authors explore their global impact on B2B relationships, focusing on reciprocity. A multiregional sample extends research on ISC practices in B2B relationships by examining contingency effects of informal network ties.Design/methodology/approachThe authors surveyed 404 buyers in two developed (Hong Kong and Portugal) and two emerging economies (Kuwait and Colombia), and also categorized by strong and weak informal network ties. Using structural equation modeling, the authors examined a relationship marketing (RM) model from a typology (Clubs, Sociocracies, Clans and Compadres) for assessing contingency effects.FindingsThe study reveals that in developed economies with strong formal institutions, negative aspects of favor reciprocity norms intensify unless informal networks are driven by strict sociomoral obligations. This supports research indicating that contractual governance competes rather than complements relational governance. Moreover, trust-building processes are crucial in regions with low uncertainty tolerance to mitigate adverse effects.Practical implicationsSuppliers from developed nations need more than cultural communication insights when engaging in business in emerging markets. We acknowledge changes buyers may expect adherence to reciprocity rules embedded in the ISC practices of their informal networks.Originality/valueThis study pioneers a typology of social structures to analyze ISC practices across buyers with varying formal institutional strength and informal network ties. It sheds light on institutional dynamics, trust-building processes, and nuances surrounding both positive and negative aspects of reciprocity practices. Furthermore, it broadens the scope of RM to Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Middle East.

'A whole lot of uncertainty': A qualitative study exploring clinical medical students' experiences of uncertainty stimuli.

IntroductionUncertainty tolerance (UT) describes how individuals respond to stimuli of uncertainty, with low UT among medical doctors and students linked to negative outcomes such as burnout. UT research in medical education has focused on measuring the construct, with little research seeking to understand how medical students experience uncertainty. Hence, knowledge on how education may shape students' UT development is lacking. As a first step to understanding students' UT, we asked ‘How do medical students, in their clinical years, experience uncertainty stimuli?’MethodsUtilising a social constructionist approach, we undertook a qualitative study with 41 clinical years medical students. Data were collected during the 2020 academic year employing in‐semester reflective diary entries (n = 230 entries), and semi‐structured interviews at the end of semesters (n = 40 interviews). Data were analysed by framework analysis.ResultsStudents described three major themes of uncertainty stimuli: (i) educational uncertainty, (ii) professional uncertainty and (iii) clinical uncertainty. Educational uncertainty was the dominant stimulus described by students and represents unknowns related to what students needed to learn and how to learn within the context of clinical placements. Professional uncertainty encompassed questions about who students are as developing professionals and who they would be as doctors. Clinical uncertainty was the least represented stimulus and concerned aspects of patient care where the body of medical knowledge is unable to provide clear answers.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that clinical learners experience wide reaching uncertainties and suggest that students' stimuli may differ from those of clinicians with more established knowledge and careers. This work now paves the way forward in developing educational interventions to foster UT, such as modifying uncertainties not integral to learning, and purposefully introducing clinical uncertainties relevant to students' learning stage.

Likely and High-End Impacts of Regional Sea-Level Rise on the Shoreline Change of European Sandy Coasts Under a High Greenhouse Gas Emissions Scenario

Sea-level rise (SLR) is a major concern for coastal hazards such as flooding and erosion in the decades to come. Lately, the value of high-end sea-level scenarios (HESs) to inform stakeholders with low-uncertainty tolerance has been increasingly recognized. Here, we provide high-end projections of SLR-induced sandy shoreline retreats for Europe by the end of the 21st century based on the conservative Bruun rule. Our HESs rely on the upper bound of the RCP8.5 scenario “likely-range” and on high-end estimates of the different components of sea-level projections provided in recent literature. For both HESs, SLR is projected to be higher than 1 m by 2100 for most European coasts. For the strongest HES, the maximum coastal sea-level change of 1.9 m is projected in the North Sea and Mediterranean areas. This translates into a median pan-European coastline retreat of 140 m for the moderate HES and into more than 200 m for the strongest HES. The magnitude and regional distribution of SLR-induced shoreline change projections, however, utterly depend on the local nearshore slope characteristics and the regional distribution of sea-level changes. For some countries, especially in Northern Europe, the impacts of high-end sea-level scenarios are disproportionally high compared to those of likely scenarios.

Tolerancja niepewności a szacowany konsensus i efekt fałszywej zgodności

Fałszywy konsensus oznacza tendencję do przeceniania częstości własnych poglądów
 i preferencji w populacji. Sprawą otwartą pozostaje wciąż pytanie, od jakich czynników
 zależy nasilenie tej tendencji. W badaniach, zrealizowanych na próbie 246 studentów,
 poszukiwano związku między poziomem nietolerowanej niepewności, mierzonej polską
 wersją Intolerance Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12), a wielkością szacowanego i fałszywego
 konsensusu. Zakładano, że osoby o mniejszej tolerancji niepewności będą bardziej
 przeceniać powszechność wybieranych przez siebie opcji. Porównano osoby o niskiej
 (dolny kwartyl) oraz wysokiej (górny kwartyl) tolerancji niepewności, posługując
 się dwoma wskaźnikami, tj. wielkością szacowanego oraz fałszywego konsensusu.
 Stwierdzono, że osoby o niskiej tolerancji niepewności bardziej przeszacowywały
 częstość własnych wyborów: t(121) = -2,03, p = 0,022 w porównaniu z osobami o wysokiej
 tolerancji, podczas gdy drugi wskaźnik potwierdził oczekiwaną zależność tylko na
 poziomie trendu: t(121) = -1,48, p = 0,071. Ponadto wykazano też, że osoby o niskiej
 tolerancji niepewności częściej wybierały mniej radykalne opcje odpowiedzi typu
 „raczej tak” lub „raczej nie”: t(121) = 2,01, p < 0,05 oraz przejawiały zdecydowanie niższą
 samoocenę: t(120) = 3,94, p = 0,000.
 Słowa kluczowe: tolerancja niepewności,

Meeting User Needs for Sea Level Rise Information: A Decision Analysis Perspective

AbstractDespite widespread efforts to implement climate services, there is almost no literature that systematically analyzes users' needs. This paper addresses this gap by applying a decision analysis perspective to identify what kind of mean sea level rise (SLR) information is needed for local coastal adaptation decisions. We first characterize these decisions, then identify suitable decision analysis approaches and the sea level information required, and finally discuss if and how these information needs can be met given the state of the art of sea level science. We find that four types of information are needed: (i) probabilistic predictions for short‐term decisions when users are uncertainty tolerant; (ii) high‐end and low‐end SLR scenarios chosen for different levels of uncertainty tolerance; (iii) upper bounds of SLR for users with a low uncertainty tolerance; and (iv) learning scenarios derived from estimating what knowledge will plausibly emerge about SLR over time. Probabilistic predictions can only be attained for the near term (i.e., 2030–2050) before SLR significantly diverges between low and high emission scenarios, for locations for which modes of climate variability are well understood and the vertical land movement contribution to local sea levels is small. Meaningful SLR upper bounds cannot be defined unambiguously from a physical perspective. Low‐ to high‐end scenarios for different levels of uncertainty tolerance and learning scenarios can be produced, but this involves both expert and user judgments. The decision analysis procedure elaborated here can be applied to other types of climate information that are required for mitigation and adaptation purposes.

Meaning in life among Korean college students based on emotionality and tolerance of uncertainty

This study examines different associations between the search for meaning in life (MLQ-S) and the presence of meaning in life (MLQ-P) based on sub-groups of emotionality and tolerance of uncertainty, respectively. Korean college student participants' self-reported survey responses were used in the study (N=348; 64.8% female; MAge=21.6years old). The results indicated that MLQ-S is positively correlated with MLQ-P in all levels of emotionality groups (Low, Average, and High emotionality) and the Average uncertainty tolerance group. Findings also suggested that MLQ-S was higher in Low emotionality than High emotionality; and MLQ-S was higher in the High uncertainty tolerance group than Low and Average uncertainty tolerance groups. The High uncertainty tolerance group reported the highest MLQ-P, and the Low uncertainty tolerance group reported the lowest MLQ-P. Findings highlight the importance of emotional stability and moderate levels of uncertainty tolerance in intervening clients' meaning seeking and meaning finding processes.