Low Temperature Coal Research Articles

Effect of changes in the structure and composition of medium–low-temperature coal tar pitch on the quality of needle coke

Effect of changes in the structure and composition of medium–low-temperature coal tar pitch on the quality of needle coke

Investigating how oxygen levels and particle size impact the thermodynamics of low temperature coal oxidation: A case study using weakly caking coal

Oxygen concentration and particle size play critical roles in the combustion of coal. Notably, the low temperature oxidation stage is considered pivotal for coal spontaneous combustion (CSC). In this study, we examined the exothermic oxidation of low-temperature weakly caking coal. We used a C80 microcalorimeter to assess the impact of different oxygen concentrations and particle sizes. For weakly caking coal during low-temperature oxidation, the heat flow (HF) curve decreases as oxygen concentration drops. The characteristic temperature increases, and the HF curve shows a noticeable lag. Under identical external conditions, decreasing the particle size of coal results in a reduced minimum floating coal thickness, lowers the oxygen concentration needed for CSC, increases the upper-limit of air leakage intensity, and makes the coal more susceptible to CSC. Reducing the particle size significantly increases the exothermic heat release during low-temperature oxidation, leading to a higher risk of CSC. These research results not only deepen the understanding of the law of coal spontaneous combustion, but also provide a scientific basis for improving the technical level of coal spontaneous combustion fire prevention and control.

Selective catalytic hydroconversion of crude phenols to cyclohexanols over a carbon-based nickel catalyst and separation of condensed arenes from a low-temperature coal tar

The dynamic combined strategy consisting of extraction, column chromatography, and catalytic hydroconversion (CHC) was used to prepare cyclohexanol (CH) from crude phenols (CPs) derived from a low temperature coal tar (LTCT) and enrich condensed arenes from the dephenolized fraction. Fluoranthene, anthracene, and pyrene with purities of 92.2, 91.7, and 95.5 %, respectively, were enriched by a combination of extraction and gradient elution in medium pressure preparative liquid chromatograph (MPPLCI) and high pressure preparative liquid chromatograph. CPs obtained by extracting LTCT were catalytically hydroconverted over a nickel supported on a nitrogen-doped carbon material (NDCM) prepared with a nickel-organic framework as the precursor. The mechanism for the CHC of CPs was explored using phenol as the model compound. The results show that phenol was completely converted and the selectivity of CH is up to 99.9 % in n-hexane under initial hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa at 160 °C for 1 h. The characterization of Ni/NDCM and the distribution of the products from the CHC of phenol indicate that Ni/NDCM can strongly adsorb phenol and effectively activate H2 to H···H, which transfer plays a crucial role in hydrogenating the aromatic rings.

Separation and analysis of six fractions in low temperature coal tar by column chromatography

The low temperature coal tar (CT) is taken as the raw material, and the extraction and column chromatography are used for detailed and accurate characterization in this paper. The n-heptane soluble fraction (CT-HS) and insoluble fraction (CT-HI) were obtained by n-heptane Soxhlet extraction. The extraction rate of CT-HS reached 92.79% (mass), which indicated that there are few heavy compounds in it. Further, different solvents (methylbenzene, benzene, ethyl acetate, methylbenzene-ethanol) were used to elute CT-HS by chromatographic column to obtain five fractions (saturates, aromatics, heteroatoms, phenolics and resins, named CT-SA, CT-AR, CT-HE, CT-PH, CT-RE, respectively). The yields of CT-SA, CT-AR, CT-HE, CT-PH, CT-RE are 42.12%, 10.43%, 2.19%, 9.50% and 6.63% (mass), respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of eluting components show that alkanes are the main components in CT, followed by polycyclic aromatics, and the corresponding fractions are CT-SA and CT-AR, respectively. The relative content of aliphatics in CT-SA is 76.93%, and the relative content of aromatics in CT-AR is 75.05%. This separation technology effectively separates and enriches different components in CT, and the activation energy required for the pyrolysis process of a single eluting fraction is lower than that of CT, which is expected to provide an important reference for the separation, analysis and conversion of complex oil products such as coal-oil co-processing products, coal tar and other complex heavy carbon oil products.

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of porous carbon derived from medium and low temperature coal pitch

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of porous carbon derived from medium and low temperature coal pitch

Conversion of low temperature coal tar into high value-added chemicals based on the coupling process of fast pyrolysis and catalytic cracking

To convert the Xinjiang low temperature coal tar (XJ-CT) into high value-added chemicals, the coupling process of fast pyrolysis and catalytic cracking (FP-CC process) is proposed, and the related fundamental data is collected in this research. First, the composition of XJ-CT is analyzed by GC-GC/MS, and the result shows that the relative contents of alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, and the oxygen compound are 13.16%, 4.85%, 48.38%, and 29.29%, respectively. Then, the performance of XJ-CT fast pyrolysis is evaluated under different reaction temperature. The results show that aromatics is predominant among the pyrolysis vapor, whereas the yield of aliphatic products enhances with the increase of temperature. And the aliphatic products are mainly formed from the deep cleavage of long-chain aliphatics and alkyl side chains (alkyl bridge chain) of aromatics. Meanwhile, the relative content of oxygen-containing compounds decrease with the increase of temperature. Furthermore, molecular distributions of the major groups in pyrolysis vapor with different temperatures are summarized to gain insight into the pyrolysis process. Finally, the ZSM-5 (40), ZSM-5 (200), and USY zeolite are used to catalyze the pyrolysis vapor. It is demonstrated that the maximum light olefin yield of 31.79% is obtained over ZSM-5 (40), while converting XJ-CT to liquid fuels can be realized on USY zeolite.

Analysis of Distribution and Structures of Heteroatom Compounds in Asphaltene of Medium/Low Temperature Coal Tar by Negative Anion Mode ESI FT-ICR MS

The existence of heteroatomic compounds with complex structure and different polarity in the asphaltene of medium and low temperature coal tar (M/LTCT) limits its processing and utilization. Combined with negative ion electrospray ionization source (ESI), Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used to characterize the molecular composition of O, N, and S heteroatom compounds in M/LTCT asphaltenes. Acidic oxygen-containing compounds (OCCs) and non-basic nitrogen-containing compounds (NCCs) in asphaltenes were identified, except for sulfur-containing compounds (SCCs). The mass spectra showed that the heteroatom compounds in asphaltene mainly existed as NX, N1OX, N2OX, N3OX, N4OX, N5OX, N6OX, and OX class species (where x = 1–6). The M/LTCT asphaltenes were enriched with O4, N4, and N1O1 class species. The core structure of O4 class species were likely to be composed of 1–7 aromatic rings with 4 phenolic hydroxyl groups, the core structure of N4 class species were likely to be comprised of 4–7 aromatic rings with a piperazine ring and a pyrazole ring, and the core structure of N1O1 was mainly 3–6 aromatic rings with a phenolic hydroxyl group and a pyrrole ring. These results suggest that more condensed NCCs and OCCs with short, substituted alky side chains are presented, which are more easily to undergo condensation to generate fused molecules, making it too difficult to be removed by hydrogenation. Through the analysis of the molecular structures of OCCs and non-basic NCCs in M/LTCT asphaltenes, important information about the molecular composition can be obtained, which can provide basic data for the hydrogenation of deasphaltene.

Effects of co-carbonization of medium and low temperature refined pitch and high temperature refined pitch on the structure and properties of needle coke

Needle coke has attracted much attention as a high-quality raw material for high-power graphite electrodes and other advanced functional materials. In this study, needle coke was prepared by co-carbonization of medium and the low temperature coal tar refined pitch (RCTP) and the high temperature coal tar refined pitch (RHCTP). The effect of co-carbonization of blended refined pitches with different proportions on the structure and properties of needle coke was studied. Elemental analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the effect of changes in the key components of the blended refined pitch on the structure of needle coke. In addition, the structure and properties of needle coke were analyzed by polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and powder resistivity. The results showed that adding RHCTP to RCTP can increase the content of aromatic hydrocarbons and reduce the content of heterocyclic compounds in the blended refined pitch, which was beneficial to the evolution and growth of carbonaceous structures. The fiber content of needle coke (N-R-C-15) prepared by adding 15 wt% RHCTP to RCTP was 50 wt%, the optical texture index (OTI) of the coke was 63.04, Lc= 8.387 nm, La= 18.17 nm, d002 = 0.3427 nm, the content of well-aligned carbon microcrystals was 91.17 wt%, and the content of perfect graphite crystals reached 24.37 wt%. As the ratio of RHCTP in RCTP increased, the needle coke exhibited more fibrous structures, the degree of defects in graphite crystals decreasing, and the degree of graphitization increasing. In addition, with the increasing proportion of RHCTP in RCTP, the average resistivity of needle coke decreased from 167.55 μΩ·m to 144.5 μΩ·m, and the average powder compaction density increased from 1.065 g/cm3 to 1.206 g/cm3.

Raffinate coal tar pitch-derived micro/mesoporous carbon foams for removal of Cadmium ions

A novel type of laminar micro/mesoporous carbon foams were prepared from co-pyrolysis of raffinate coal tar pitch from low temperature coal tar, urea and ammonium citrate. The effects of additives, activation temperature, and carbonization time on the chemical composition, and morphology structure of micro/mesoporous carbon foams were systematically investigated, and the formation mechanism of micro/mesoporous carbon foams were revealed. The specific surface area of obtained micro/mesoporous carbon foam (MCFAC-CM-2–1000) was the 671.1 m2∙g−1. The adsorption properties of materials for heavy metal cadmium ions (Cd (II)) in aqueous solution were studied. A systematic investigation of the effect of different conditions (e.g., contact time, pH, and initial metal ion concentration) on the adsorption of Cd(Ⅱ) was conducted. The maximum Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption capacity by MCFAC-CM-2–1000 was 151.73 mg/g at 318 K. The adsorption equilibrium of heavy metal Cd (II) was in agreement with the Langmuir isothermal model and the quasi second-order model, the adsorption process was spontaneous. Analytical experiments showed that MCFAC-CM-2–1000 had a good stability and strong regeneration. Therefore, MCFAC-CM-2–1000 presents remarkable adsorption capability, excellent recoverability, demonstrating its potential as a promising adsorbent for water purification. This work offers a new alternative to transform harmful coal tar pitch waste into an effective adsorbent for cadmium removal.

Multistage gradient extractive separation and direct and indirect analysis of petroleum ether insoluble fractions from low temperature coal tar

The composition and structure of heavy components in coal tar are very complex, which affect the further processing and utilization of coal tar. In this paper, the multistage gradient extractive separation and analysis of petroleum ether (PE) insoluble fractions from low temperature coal tar (CTPI) were performed. CTPI was separated into diethyl ether extracts (DEE) and residues (DER) by Soxhlet extraction with quartz sand. DEE was further stepwise separated into tetrachloromethane extracts (TME), toluene extracts (MBE) and residues (MBR). DER was separated into ethyl acetate extracts (EAE), tetrahydrofuran extracts (THFE) and residues (THFR). Physical and chemical characterization of the six fractions were analyzed, using GPC, Uv-fluorescence spectroscopy, FTIR, 13C CP/MAS NMR, 1H MAS NMR, XRD, TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS, to obtain the composition and structure of these fractions. The results show that the extraction yields of TME, MBE, MBR, EAE, THFE and THFR are 29.98 wt%, 42.13 wt%, 10.93 wt%, 6.02 wt%, 6.98 wt% and 3.96 wt%, respectively. The order of the maximum molecular weights is THFE > EAE > MBE > TME > MBR. THFE has the largest polycyclic aromatic structure. THFE and EAE contain more ethers than other fractions, and they may be mainly composed of polycyclic aromatic structure with -CH2- as bridge bonds. The order of fa values is EAE > CTPI > MBR > MBE > THFE > TME. The aromatic layer spacing d002 follows the order of MBE > TME > MBR > THFE > EAE > CTPI. The final thermal weight loss rates of these fractions follow the order of TME > MBE > THFE > EAE > MBR > THFR. Oxygen-containing compounds, acid compounds and heteroatomic compounds have been enriched in the pyrolysis volatiles derived from the separated fractions (EAE, THFE and THFR) of DER. The common feature of DEE and DER is the presence of the widely distributed phenolic compounds.

Modeling the catalytic conversion of anthracene oil fraction to light aromatics over mesoporous HZSM-5

Silanization of zeolite units has been proved to be an effective way to improve the hierarchical porosity of HZSM-5. Mesoporous HZSM-5 (YJGW-X: X = 0, 5, 10) were synthesized by adopting phenyl amino propyl trimethoxy silane (YJGW) with different addition (0 wt%, 5 wt% and 10 wt%), followed were applied to investigating the interaction between the compounds of various categories during the conversion process of anthracene oil fraction of low temperature coal tar. Model compounds (MCs), which including naphthol (Nap-ol), methyl naphthalene (Nap-met), methyl anthracene (Ant-met) and C22 alkanes (C22), are selected as raw materials to investigate the conversion progress of anthracene oil fraction of low temperature coal tar using Py-GC/MS. Results show that YJGW addition has a significant role on the acidity and pore size. Besides, the higher aromatic selectivity exhibited by YJGW-5 and YJGW-10 compared to YJGW-0 in the catalytic pyrolysis of single MCs indicates that the addition of YJGW does facilitate the hydrocracking of polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons to prepare small reactive molecules. When mixed MCs pyrolyzed using YJGW-X, the experimental yield of BTEXN (benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, xylene and naphthalene) is higher than theoretical one. When pyrolyzed at 450 °C, the highest experimental yield (2578.35 mg/kg) of BTEXN is obtained using YJGW-10, owing to its appropriate pore structure and acidity. Moreover, the possible formation mechanism of BTEXN derived from MCs catalytic pyrolysis was proposed on the basis of structural features and catalytic performances of YJGW-X.

Investigation of the (catalytic) co-pyrolysis of Shendong coal and coal tar based on rapid pyrolysis and ANN modelling

The catalytic co-pyrolysis of coal and hydrogen-rich substances is an effective way to improve the yield and quality of coal tar. In this paper, the co-pyrolysis experiments of Shendong low rank coal (SD) and low temperature coal tar (HCT) catalyzed by hematite, chalcopyrite, nickel laterite, and molybdenite were carried out respectively. The catalytic co-pyrolysis characteristics and product distribution of coal-tar slurry with different coal-tar ratios were investigated by the thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS), and fixed bed rapid pyrolysis reactor (FBR). In addition, the response surface design method and artificial neural network (ANN) were introduced to optimize catalyst ratios. The analysis results show that the experimental value of the maximum weight loss rate in the high temperature pyrolysis stage with a coal-tar ratio of 5: 5 is greater than the estimated value. Besides, the coal-tar co-pyrolysis has a synergistic effect, which strongly reduces the apparent activation energy of the pyrolysis process. The addition of HCT promotes the generation of oxygen-containing compounds and aromatics. The presence of natural minerals promotes the formation of light tar, especially mono-aromatics, aliphatics, and phenol in the pyrolysis tar. After optimizing and verifying the catalyst ratio by ANN, the pyrolysis tar yield, light component content, and light tar yield are 50.49 wt%, 46.14%, and 21.14 wt%, respectively.

Analysis of oxygen-containing species in coal tar by comprehensive two-dimensional GC×GC-TOF and ESI FT-ICR mass spectrometry through a new subfraction separation method

High oxygen content and ultracomplex composition are the biggest property characteristics of coal tar, which is also the biggest reason for the difficulty of coal tar separation and processing. The distribution of oxygen-containing compounds (OCs) and asphaltene island/archipelago structure play a key role in the solubility and hydrogenation thermal conversion of coal tar. In this study, the composition and structure of OCs in medium and low temperature coal tar (MLCT) and its subfractions were innovatively studied in the molecular level by GC × GC-TOF MS and negative ion ESI FT-ICR MS coupled with collision-induced dissociation (CID) through isolating a narrow mass-defined window based on the improved MLCT subfraction separation method. It revealed that the predominant OCs in MLCT are phenols with relatively few naphthols, furans, and ketones. The OCs are hugely dominated by Ox species in aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes. The polyoxygenated OCs primarily exist in heavier components like asphaltenes. The O atoms prefer to be linked to the outsides of aromatic ring in the form of hydroxyl or carboxyl for low oxygen-containing compounds, and embedded in aromatic rings as the furan rings or cyclic ethers for multiple oxygen-containing compounds. Some Ox species with a high H/C contain relatively smaller aromatic cores with more alkyl sidechains, which are the “atypical” molecules with multiple heteroatoms and low DBE in MLCT asphaltenes. Besides, the island-type structures are dominant for OCs in MLCT. The OxNn compounds have greater island attributes, especially for the molecules with multiple oxygen atoms. The MLCT asphaltenes contain more archipelago structure than that of aromatics and resins. The aromatic cores of OCs are not easy to be destroyed under the optimized voltage although the bridge bond breaking reaction occurs during CID. The heterolysis mode is absolutely the major bond cleavages path for OCs in MLCT. The heterolysis mechanism influences much on the generation of less-heteroatomic fragments, and the homolytic cleavage play a relatively important role during the generation of poly-heteroatomic fragments.

Hydrogenation of aromatics from low temperature coal tar over novel mesoporous NiMoC/Hβ catalysts

Hydrogenation of aromatics from low temperature coal tar over novel mesoporous NiMoC/Hβ catalysts

Study on the association driving force of low temperature coal tar asphaltenes

The aggregation of petroleum asphaltenes has been studied for decades by numerous experimental techniques, however, few studies had been performed on the special supramolecular structure of coal tar asphaltenes. In this paper, the methylation, alkylation experiments and molecular dynamics simulation were used to study the π-π interaction and hydrogen bond between coal tar asphaltenes. The results showed that the inter aromatic layer distance (Me) of asphaltenes, methylated and alkylated asphaltenes were 3.74, 2.12 and 1.73 respectively, and the average number of aromatic sheets (dm) was increased compared with asphaltenes. Asphaltenes existed in the form of aggregates in the toluene, as the concentration increased, the particle size also increased significantly, moreover, the particle size and the Me of alkylated asphaltenes are significantly less than asphaltenes, indicating that the π-π interaction was the main driving force for asphaltene association. Meanwhile, molecular simulation results showed the π-π interaction energy of asphaltenes dimers was -165.269 kcal·mol−1, which was much larger than the hydrogen bond energy -5.807 kcal·mol−1. In addition, the asphaltenes dimer layer spacing in quinoline, toluene and ethanol were 3.836 Å, 2.57 Å, and 4.783 Å respectively, which were all larger than the interlayer spacing of asphaltenes dimer 1.99 Å, and the asphaltenes dimer had a better disaggregates effect in quinolone.

Characterization of nitrogen-containing compounds in coal tar and its subfractions by comprehensive two-dimensional GC × GC-TOF and ESI FT-ICR mass spectrometry based on new separation method

The molecular composition and structure of heavy oil and the subfraction have always been one of the most controversial topics despite the continuous improvement of detection and analytical methods. In this contribution, the composition and structure of nitrogen-containing compounds (NCs) in middle and low temperature coal tar (MLCT) and the subfractions are studied by GC × GC-TOF MS and ESI FT-ICR MS coupled with collision-induced dissociation (CID) through isolating a narrow window of mass-defined ions based on the developed MLCT subfraction separation method. It is found that the new separation subfraction method combined with high resolution mass spectrometry is efficient to detect the characteristics of each fraction at the molecular level. Eighty nitrogen compounds, dominant of quinolines, carbazoles and pyridines are identified in MLCT. The distribution laws of compound classes, carbon numbers, DBE are obtained with reasonable representative molecules for aromatic, resin and asphaltene. The qualitative analysis shows the island and archipelago structural motifs coexist in MLCT and the island-type is the predominant structure in aromatic (94%), resin (86%) and asphaltene (80%). The archipelagic structures in large molecules are more abundant. Meanwhile, the heterolysis mode is the predominant bond cleavages path for MLCT molecules and the proton transfers reactions occur during CID process.

Effect of adding graphene oxide on the structure and properties of needle coke

Using medium and low temperature coal tar pitch as raw material, the refined raw material is obtained by solvent extraction with a mixed solvent of n-heptane and toluene, and then different amounts of graphene oxide(GO) are added to the refined raw material for thermal polymerization and calcination to obtain needle coke. The composition of the raw materials was analyzed by element analysis, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), NMR, XPS and other detection methods, and the scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), polarizing microscope, electrochemical analysis and other methods were used to analyze the structure and electrochemical properties of different needle coke. The experimental results show that the mixed solvent of n-heptane and toluene can refine the raw materials, which can effectively enrich aromatics, optimize the composition of the raw materials, and effectively remove the heteroatoms in the raw materials. In particular, the removal effect of O and S atoms is particularly significant, and the removal rates are 25.21 % and 82.50 %, respectively. Adding 0.01 wt% of GO to the refined raw materials can obtain needle coke products with a regular layered structure and relatively good electrochemical performance.

Co-carbonization behavior of the blended heavy oil and low temperature coal tar for the preparation of needle coke

Needle coke is mainly used in high-power electrode material for electric arc furnace, the economy of material cost and the quality of co-carbonized products are widely concerned. Low temperature coal tar (LCT) and heavy oil (HO) were used to prepare needle coke by liquid phase carbonization, and the co-carbonization behavior as well as structural evolution of blended materials were also studied. It was concluded that the derived needle coke pyrolyzed from the blended HO and LCT showed obvious structural separation interfaces between the anisotropic acicular structure and isotropic matrix. The abundant primary quinoline insolubles (QI) in LCT prevented the penetration of smaller molecules. The removal of primary QI in LCT improved the compatibility of HO and LCT-derived structure and eliminated the obvious structural separation interfaces. The furfural extraction significantly regulates the molecular composition distribution which is conductive to promote interactions within compositions and improve the order of structural evolution. The sample extracted at 60℃ after removing QI (LCTE60) contained 25.7 wt% of alkanes and naphthenes, and the total content of bicyclic aromatics, tricyclic aromatics and tetracyclic aromatics occupied 45.3 wt%. The derived needle coke prepared from blended HO and LCTE60 with the proportion of 50:50 obtained the needle domain content of 60 wt% and the optical texture index (OTI) of 71.66. This study provides theoretical basis for the co-carbonization of needle coke production.

Characteristics and evolution of products under moderate and high temperature coal pyrolysis in drop tube furnace

Drop tube furnace is a high-efficiency pyrolysis reactor, which is helpful for fundamental research of coal base poly-generation technology. In this paper, the characteristics of coal pyrolysis product at various temperature using drop tube furnace were investigated. A typical Chinese lignite Pingzhuang coal was used in current research, pyrolysis temperature ranged from 600 to 1000 °C with a step of 100 °C. The compositions of pyrolysis gas, coal tar and char were characterized and discussed in detail. Results showed that volatiles and moisture content decreased after pyrolysis, hydrophilic functional groups like carboxyl and hydroxyl also decreased, pyrolysis was a dehydration upgrading process for lignite. Specific surface area and total pore volume increased from 1.65 m2/g and 11.57 mm3/g in raw coal to 199.10 m2/g and 191.95 mm3/g in 1000 °C char, respectively. As for pyrolysis gas, when temperature increased, H2 and CO increased obviously, other compositions like CO2, CH4 and C2~C3 hydrocarbons decreased, consequently, the gross heating value of pyrolysis gas decreased from 22.5 MJ/m3 at 600 °C to 13.1 MJ/m3 at 1000 °C. High temperature pyrolysis had a high content of syngas (H2+CO), which can be utilized as raw material in synthetic chemical industry. There were high content of toluene in low temperature coal tar. There were more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and less aliphatic chain hydrocarbons in high temperature coal tar.

Lumped kinetic simulation of hydrodesulfurization of full-range low temperature coal tar

ABSTRACT Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) has an important impact on the product quality of coal tar hydrogenation. It is of great significance to study the HDS reaction law. Based on experimental data and the rate of full range low temperature coal tar (FLCT) HDS reaction, 2-lumped and 3-lumped kinetic models for FLCT HDS were established and fitted by simulated annealing algorithm. The results showed that the 3-lumped kinetic model is more reliable and reasonable compared to the 2-lumped kinetic model. The absolute value of relative error and absolute error of the 3-lumped kinetic model are less than 2.24% and 2.15%, respectively. The extrapolation of the 3-lumped kinetic model is good. The parameters of 3-lumped kinetic model were found as: x 1 = 45.00%, x 2 = 49.99%, x 3 = 5.01%, k 10 = 1.3598 × 105 h−1, k 20 = 1.8023 × 108 h−1, k 30 = 5.3355 × 1010 h−1, E 1 = 64.61 kJ·mol−1, E 2 = 110.39 kJ·mol−1, E 3 = 172.07 kJ·mol−1, a 1 = 0.9998, a 2 = 1.3473, a 3 = 1.9986, b 1 = 0.2939, b 2 = 0.3237, b 3 = 1.6618. The effects of liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV), temperature (T), and pressure (P) on FLCT HDS process were analyzed and obtained by the 3-lumped kinetic model, which can provide a valid guide for further studies of coal tar hydro-upgrading process.