Lower Subjective Well-being Research Articles

The role of educational support in the development of subjective well‐being in Finnish general upper secondary education

AbstractThis study examines how students' support, self‐esteem, and schoolwork difficulties are related to the development of students' subjective well‐being (SWB), which consists of social relations and self‐fulfillment. The participants (n = 326, aged 16 years) were followed for the first 2 years of general upper secondary education in Finnish schools. The first‐year results in the path model showed that students who received more support or had better self‐esteem were more likely to have better SWB, but students with schoolwork difficulties had lower SWB. The results also indicated that SWB in the second year was strongly predicted by SWB in the first year. All autoregressive effects of the variables from the first to second year were significant, but schoolwork difficulties had the highest stability, and support had the lowest stability. Moreover, the mediation effects between the variables from the first to second year suggested that students who had low SWB in the first year experienced more schoolwork difficulties in the second year. In practice, it was an important finding that, in both years, the school staff members could positively impact students' SWB through support, even though the received support was insufficient to reduce the negative effect of schoolwork difficulties on SWB.

Abstract P254: Mental Well-Being of Caregivers With Overweight and Obesity is Associated With Cognitive Stimulation Provided to Children in the Home

Introduction: Parents with poor mental health are less likely to engage in cognitively enriching parenting behaviors, such as reading and playing with their children. This, in turn, is associated with increased risk of obesity in the child and poor treatment outcomes for children enrolled in behavioral weight management. Parents and caregivers with obesity also have worse mental health and lower life satisfaction than their non-obese counterparts. Among parents with overweight and obesity who have a child with overweight/obesity, the relationship between parent mental health and cognitive enrichment provided in the home is unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that higher depressive symptoms and lower subjective well-being scores among parents will be associated with less cognitive enrichment provided to children. Further, we hypothesize that these relationships will be moderated by the sex of the parent. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of baseline data from 452 parent-child dyads with overweight/obesity enrolled in a family-based behavioral treatment study for obesity. Depression symptoms and subjective well-being were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale and the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status, respectively. Cognitive stimulation was measured with the Cognitive Stimulation subscale of the Environmental Enrichment scale. Univariable relationships were assessed using Pearson correlations. Multivariable linear regression models were used to control for study site, parent characteristics (age, BMI, sex, race/ethnicity, education), child characteristics (age, and sex), and family characteristics (health insurance status and household income). Results: Higher depression symptom score was correlated with lower cognitive stimulation (ρ = -0.165, p < 0.001), whereas higher subjective well-being was associated with higher cognitive stimulation (ρ = 0.377, p < 0.001). These relationships were maintained even after controlling for covariates in the multivariable models, with each one-unit increase in depression symptoms associated with a 0.16 unit decrease in cognitive stimulation (95% CI -0.27 to -0.06, p = 0.003) and each one-unit increase in subjective well-being associated with a 0.04 unit increase in cognitive stimulation (95% CI 0.01, 0.07, p = 0.01). Parent sex did not moderate these effects. Conclusions: Mental well-being of parents and caregivers with overweight/obesity is associated with the degree of cognitive enrichment provided to the child in the home, though the effect sizes after controlling for covariates were modest. Thus, interventions targeting parental wellbeing offer a potential avenue to improve their child’s cognitive wellbeing and response to obesity treatment.

DESCRIPTION OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING OF YOUNG ADULTS WHO RAISE PETS AND PLANTS AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

During the Covid-19 pandemic, people experienced many changes in their daily lives. These changes trigger stress and lead to depression in the community, especially among young adults, which is the main axis that leads to low subjective well-being. Various studies have shown that raising pets (dogs and cats) and plants (gardening) can improve an individual's subjective well-being. The study used a qualitative descriptive method with 10 subjects divided into three groups, namely the group of pets, the group of plants (gardening), and the group of pets and plants (gardening). All subjects in the three groups showed high subjective well-being through raising pets and plants (gardening) during the Covid-19 pandemic. All subjects show positive emotions and enjoyed raising pets and plants (gardening). In addition, most of the subjects also felt satisfied with their lives during the Covid-19 pandemic with the presence of pets and plants (gardening). All subjects felt the presence of pets as entertainers to provide motivation. For the subjects, plants (gardening) play a similar role, through the beauty and growth of the plants.

Informal Care and Subjective Well-Being among Older Adults in Selected European Countries

A person’s health status is one of the strongest determinants of well-being. The negative impact of poor health on subjective well-being may be moderated by providing care to individuals in need. In this paper, we investigate the relationships between receiving informal care and the amount of care received and subjective well-being among people aged 65 or older in selected European countries. Our analysis of data from the 6th wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) showed that receiving regular informal care was associated with higher subjective well-being among older people in Northern European countries, and with lower subjective well-being among older males in Southern European countries. Moreover, we found that the perception of the amount of help received affected the subjective well-being of older people, as those who reported that the support they received was either insufficient or met their needs had lower subjective well-being than those who were not in need of care. Our results also showed that receiving formal care was negatively related with subjective well-being among older adults in Northern Europe and Central and Eastern Europe. In the context of population ageing and the growing need for care, social policies that support both sides of the caregiving relationship could enhance subjective quality of life.

Patterns of Personality Development and Psychosocial Functioning in Japanese Adolescents: A Four-Wave Longitudinal Study.

While patterns of adolescent personality development are country-specific, previous studies that have examined them have been limited to the Netherlands and Finland. This study aimed to identify the patterns of personality development and examine the relationship between these patterns and psychosocial functioning among Japanese adolescents. Overall, 618 Japanese adolescents (49.5% girls; 16 years) participated in the annual longitudinal survey from 2013 to 2016. Using latent class growth analysis, the following four patterns of personality development were identified: resilient, over-controlled, vulnerable, and moderate. Although the mean-level changes in the Big Five domains were generally insignificant among the four patterns, the vulnerable pattern showed a progressive increase in conscientiousness, and the moderate pattern showed a decrease in neuroticism and an increase in conscientiousness. Furthermore, multivariate analysis of variance tests indicated that the resilient pattern showed higher subjective well-being and lower psychosocial problems than the other personality patterns; the over-controlled pattern showed higher internalizing problems than the resilient pattern; the vulnerable pattern showed lower subjective well-being and higher internalizing problems than the other patterns; and the moderate pattern scored between the resilient, over-controlled, and vulnerable patterns in both subjective well-being and psychosocial problems. These findings suggest that the vulnerable and moderate patterns, which are immature patterns compared to the resilient and over-controlled ones, showed positive changes to the direction of maturity from middle to late adolescence in Japan.

Mental disorders are no predictors to determine the duration of cannabis-based treatment for chronic pain.

Chronic pain (CP), a complex biopsychosocial disorder with a global prevalence of up to 33%, can be treated by following multidisciplinary approaches that may include cannabis-based medicine (CBM). However, because CBM continues to be a new treatment, questions remain regarding the ideal duration for CBM and its psychosocial determinants, including mental comorbidities. In a retrospective cross-sectional study involving 46 patients with CP (ICD-10 code F45.4-), three validated instruments-the German Pain Questionnaire, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), and the Marburg Questionnaire of Habitual WellBeing-were used to identify pain-specific psychosocial determinants and mental disorders. Descriptive analyses, a group differences analysis, and a logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS. The patients most frequently reported low back pain as the primary location of their CP, and in attributing the condition to tissue damage, most had largely adopted a somatic orientation in conceptualizing their illness. Most had experienced CP for more than 5 years (M = 5.13 years, SD = 1.41) and, as a consequence, faced significant restrictions in their everyday life and exhibited low subjective wellbeing (MFHW median = 4.00, N = 43, Q1: 2.00, Q3: 9.00, range: 0-20). Comorbidities among the patients included depression, (DASS-Depression, median: 11.50, Q1: 7.00, Q3: 16.25), anxiety (DASS-Anxiety, median: 4.50, Q1: 2.75, Q3: 8.00), and stress (DASS-Stress, median: 11.00, Q1: 7.00, Q3: 15.00). Between the two cannabis-based treatments with a course lasting either less or more than a year, the duration of treatment showed no between-group differences in terms of sociodemographic factors, pain-specific factors, conceptualizations of the illness, or mental disorders. Psychosocial determinants such as subjective wellbeing and mental comorbidities were not significant predictors of the duration of cannabis-based treatment. We found no evidence indicating that the benefits of short-term vs. long-term cannabis-based treatment can be predicted by mental comorbidities or psychosocial factors. However, because CBM may be included in approaches to treat CP, questions about the ideal duration of such treatment remain to be answered.

How do appraisal as threat or challenge, efficacy, and environmental quality affect wellbeing in the COVID-19 pandemic?

In crises, it is of great relevance to identify mechanisms that help people to maintain a certain level of wellbeing. This paper investigates whether appraising the COVID-19 pandemic as a threat vs. as a challenge has different effects on subjective wellbeing during the pandemic. Furthermore, we study the role of the perceived local environmental quality for individuals' subjective wellbeing. Via online survey study with two times of measurement (N = 758), we investigated (a) the prediction of participants' wellbeing in June 2020 and June 2021 through five variables and (b) how these five variables moderated within-participant differences in subjective wellbeing over time. Results showed that a stronger perception of the pandemic as a threat (feeling worried) and a lower education in June 2020 predicted a lower subjective wellbeing in 2020 and 2021. A stronger challenge appraisal (feeling confident), higher efficacy expectations, and positive perceptions of the local environmental quality in June 2020 predicted a higher wellbeing in 2020 and 2021. There was no substantial change in participants' aggregated wellbeing over time. However, those who perceived the pandemic more as a threat in June 2020 struggled more with negative changes in their wellbeing, whereas those who perceived the pandemic more as a challenge reported a higher wellbeing. It seems key to support people in activating positive feelings to successfully cope with crises.

Life Satisfaction Trend and Mortality After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Cohort Study.

Individuals with traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) have lower subjective well-being and diminished longevity, yet there is a lack of research on how life satisfaction and changes in life satisfaction relate to longevity. To identify the relationships between survival status and life satisfaction and its changing trend over a 10-year period. Data were taken from the SCI Longitudinal Aging Study. A cohort study of 676 adult participants with SCI completed three assessments separated by 5-year intervals. We applied the survival analyses by using person-year logistic regression models. There were 135 participants (20%) who were deceased by the end of 2019. After controlling for demographic and injury factors, life satisfaction was significantly related to survival. In the final model, having an upward trend of life satisfaction was significantly associated with lower odds of mortality, whereas a downward trend in life satisfaction was not significant. Our findings demonstrate the importance of current life satisfaction and having a trend toward improving satisfaction to survival. The findings indicated the importance of psychosocial adaptation to life quality and longevity after SCI.

Exploring the association of urbanisation and subjective well-being in India

India is on route to becoming the largest population in the world, with around 50 % of its population estimated to be living in cities by 2050. However, for a country that is undergoing substantial changes on the economic and demographic front, India remains mostly understudied when it comes to subjective well-being (SWB). In light of a growing urban population and a consistently low rank on SWB indices, we investigate the association between urbanisation and SWB in India using ordinary least squares regression. We use the nationally representative 1995–2012 World Values Surveys and control for an extensive set of SWB predictors. We find that while Indians in cities (>500,000) report high SWB, those living in small towns (10,000–50,000) report the highest SWB. Contrary to the Western countries and China, Indians living in rural areas with small communities report low SWB, but the lowest SWB is reported by those living in areas with a population size of 50,000–100,000. • In light of the growing urban population in the global south, we explore the association between subjective well-being and urbanisation in India. Our motivation for this study is based on the substantial differences in objective living conditions between rural and urban India. • Using the World Values Survey (WVS) dataset for India (1995-2012), we find that the highest subjective well-being in India is reported by people living in smaller towns (with a population size of 10,000-50,000). Indians living in these towns report higher subjective well-being than those living in rural areas or large cities. • Our findings contradict studies conducted in the West, where higher subjective well-being is associated with a rural residence. Small towns in India integrate the best aspects of rural life while avoiding the negative aspects of life in megacities; in-situ urbanisation could therefore play an important role from a policymaker's point of view.

Perceived Marriage Squeeze and Subjective Well-Being Among Unmarried Rural Men in China: The Mediating Role of Sense of Coherence.

The marriage-squeeze unmarried rural men perceive during their daily life is one of the main stressors severely affecting their subjective well-being under the universal marriage culture. The mechanism of this relationship is still unknown. Based on the Stress Process Model, using data from the "Survey on Rural Family Martial Status," this study examines the relationship between perceived marriage squeeze (PMS) and subjective well-being (SWB) and the mediating effect of sense of coherence (SOC). A sample of 417 Chinese unmarried rural men with an average age of 28.88 years was enrolled in this cross-sectional. Ordinary least square regressions and Bootstrap-mediated effect analysis methods were used to examine the association between PMS, SWB, and SOC. The results show that PMS has significant negative effects on both SWB and SOC of unmarried rural men, and SOC has a significant positive impact on SWB; the more perceived marriage squeeze they have, the lower SWB and SOC they have. The mediated analysis shows that SOC plays a mediating role in the influence of PMS on the SWB of unmarried rural men. This is to say, SOC can mitigate PMS's negative effects on the SWB of unmarried rural men. Our findings highlight the importance of SOC in protecting the SWB of unmarried rural men. Considering the propounding influence of the marriage squeeze, policies that enhance the level of SOC should be implemented to relieve the influence of PMS on vulnerable unmarried rural men's SWB.

The Self-help Practices of Students during the Period of “Emerging Adulthood” in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic and their Relation to a Personality’s Subjective Well-being

This study aims to investigate the self-help practices of students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and their relation to a personality’s subjective well-being during the period of “emerging adulthood”. The relevance of the research is determined by high psychical, intellectual, and psycho-emotional loads, especially in the context of COVID-19 pandemic, which makes special demands on resources to cope with them. The sample of the study consists of college students, undergraduate students, master’s degree and PhD students. We tested the hypothesis that self-help practices in difficult real-life situations is depending on the subjective well-being level. The study respondents are aged 16-29 (M = 21, SD = 3.45), 201 are female and 78 are male. We use “Mental Health Continuum” and an open question about preferred self-help practices. The study identified six categories of practices: Self-support practices and self-reliance; Social support: “significant” others and people in the same situation; Institutional support: teachers and mentors; Psychological assistance: psychotherapists and services; Contextual and situational factors and No need for help. At the same time, the differences between the groups of high and low subjective well-being levels are not statistically significant. The only category, the frequency of which significantly predominates among the more prosperous, is “Institutional support: teachers and mentors”. The research results can be used in training programs to improve the level of subjective well-being of students and support programs in coping with difficulties.

Subjective Well-Being of a wife who is in a long-distance marriage

Marriages that occur between husband and wife who do not live together or live in two different areas are called long distance marriages. Long-distance marriage relationships require trust and confidence in the partner so as not to cause conflict in the marriage. The initial phenomenon in the field is that there are wives who have low subjective well-being when undergoing long distance marriages. The aim of this research is to describe the subjective well-being of wives who undergo long-distance marriages on the cognitive and affective aspects. This research uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive research type. The population in this study were wives who underwent long distance marriages in Sasak Ranah Pasisie District with a sample of 72 people, who were selected by total sampling technique. Collecting data in this study using a questionnaire using a Likert scale model. The results of this study revealed that in general, the subjective well-being of wives undergoing long-distance marriages in Sasak Ranah Pasisie District was in the moderate category with a percentage of 52.8%. Based on the subjective well-being aspect, it is categorized: (1) the cognitive aspect is in the high category with a percentage of 56.9%, (2) the affective aspect is in the medium category with a percentage of 44.4%. So it can be interpreted that wives who undergo long distance marriages have quite good subjective well-being. The results of this study can be used as input for counselors to provide premarital counseling and family counseling, and are expected to be able to provide counseling services to clients undergoing long distance marriage who have problems related to low subjective well-being through individual counseling and information services.

Different Effects of Social Jetlag and Weekend Catch-Up Sleep on Well-Being of Adolescents According to the Actual Sleep Duration.

The aim of this study was to explore the potentially different associations between two common aspects of adolescents’ life, namely social jetlag and weekend catch-up sleep, with well-being and physical health, according to the actual sleep duration, i.e., <7 h and ≥7 h. To this end, 504 participants (42.1% males), with a mean age of 16.17 (standard deviation = 1.39), were examined in the this cross-sectional study. Participants were asked to wear the Micro Motionlogger Watch actigraph (Ambulatory Monitoring, Inc., Ardlsey, NY, USA) around their non-dominant wrist for seven consecutive days in order to objectively assess social jetlag and weekend catch-up sleep. Participants were also asked to fill in the Mental Health Continuum—Short Form for the assessment of subjective, social, and psychological well-being, as well as the SF-36 Health Survey for the perception of physical health. In adolescents sleeping less than 7 h, those experiencing weekend catch-up sleep longer than 120 min reported significantly lower subjective well-being compared to those with a weekend catch-up sleep duration between 0 and 59 min. These data pointed out the detrimental effect of long weekend catch-up sleep on self-reported well-being only in adolescents getting less than the recommended amount of sleep.

Attachment, empathy, emotion regulation, and subjective well-being in young women

This study explored the association between attachment and subjective well-being by examining the possible mediating roles of empathy and emotion regulation (i.e., reappraisal and suppression) with a sample of young women (ages 18–25) attending U.S. universities (N = 479). Higher attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with lower subjective well-being. Attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with affective, but not cognitive, empathy. Empathy did not mediate the relation between attachment and subjective well-being. Higher attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with lower reappraisal, partially mediating the effect on subjective well-being. Attachment anxiety and avoidance were negatively associated with suppression, but suppression failed to function as a mediator between attachment and subjective well-being. Taken together, the results highlight the role of reappraisal in subjective well-being for young women with higher levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance.

Peranan Stres Akademik Terhadap Subjective Well-Being dengan Perceived Social Support sebagai Moderator pada Mahasiswa Magang Atau Bekerja

In this era of rapid growth on technology literacy, students as a bridge between the world of school and work hold great responsibilities and are required to work in a fast-paced environment, more complex than their predecessors. As students who are doing internships or working, they have two responsibilities, namely academic and professional at the same time. This can cause students to experience poor learning patterns due to lack of time management skills and tend to multi-task. Those who have many academic and other demands but are unable to cope with them will experience academic stress. In addition, time management is closely related to the work-life balance phenomenon. This can affect the low subjective well-being. Thus, academic stress can affect the decline of subjective well-being in students who are doing internships or working. This study aims to examine the relationship between academic stress and subjective well-being moderated by perceived social support. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires using the Perceived Academic Stress Scale (PAS), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) with 387 participants using linear regression quantitative research design. The result shows that p &lt; 0.05 for regression and p &gt; 0.05 for moderation analysis. Thus, show that there is an influence between academic stress and subjective well-being and social support cannot strengthen the effect of academic stress and subjective well-being.&#x0D;

The socio-economic impact of Marine Protected Areas in Jersey: A fishers’ perspective

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are advocated as tools to support sustainable fisheries and biodiversity by excluding the most destructive fishing practices. Some MPAs protect the whole-site of habitat mosaics from bottom-towed fishing but most only restrict damaging activities from specific evidenced conservation features. Social and economic factors influence the success of an MPA but the impact of spatial management changes to local fisheries is rarely captured in post MPA designation monitoring. In Jersey, Channel Islands, two offshore MPAs were designated in 2017 that are managed following the whole-site approach. This study provides an insight into the overall economic importance of key fishery species (whelk (Buccinum undatum), brown crab (Cancer pagurus), scallop (Pecten maximus), lobster (Homarus gammarus), and spider crab (Maja brachydactyla) to local fishing fleets and the impact of the MPAs on local, small-scale fishers in Jersey. Total landings (kg and £) in Jersey pre and post MPA designation were calculated from logbook and primary sales data and a structured interview was developed and tested as a research tool to document the impact (positive and negative) of the MPA designation on local fishers. Specific questions were designed to elicit both quantitative and qualitative data relating to the participants (n = 21) fishing activity; support for the MPAs; income and job satisfaction; subjective well-being and current sales strategies. The results demonstrate that one mobile gear vessel respondent was displaced from traditional fishing grounds as a result of the MPA designation. Fishers also reported an increase in static fishing inside the MPAs, post designation. Generally, there are high levels of support for the MPA from static fleet respondents. In the first year since designation there have been no reported changes to catch (kg, £). Mobile gear fishers reported a lower subjective wellbeing and satisfaction with their job and income than static gear fishers, despite greater profits. The major concern reported by the mobile fleet that contributed to their stress levels, was not attributed to the MPA designations but related to conflict with French static net fisheries operating outside of the MPAs. Ongoing support for Jersey’s fishers and securing a sustainable and fulfilling livelihood will require further spatial management of fisheries outside of the MPAs with a possibility of setting gear or effort limits on static fishereis within the MPAs.

Developmental Trajectories of Adolescent Internet Addiction: Interpersonal Predictors and Adjustment Outcomes.

Despite the burgeoning literature on adolescent internet addiction (IA), the majority of studies have relied on cross-sectional designs and variable-centered analytical approaches. Therefore, little is understood about the heterogeneous developmental trajectories of adolescent IA as well as its antecedents and outcomes. This longitudinal study adopted growth mixture modeling (GMM), a person-centered approach, to identify the distinct trajectories of IA among adolescents during a three-year period. We further examined the interpersonal predictors along with a series of outcomes of different trajectories. Participants included 1,365 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 14.68 years, SD = 1.56; 46.8% girls) from two junior high schools and two senior high schools. The GMM results indicated three distinct trajectories: low-increasing (56.7%), moderate-declining (37.6%), and high-declining (5.7%) groups. In terms of interpersonal predictors, adolescents who reported poorer relationships with their parents, teachers, and schoolmates were more likely to belong to the high-declining and moderate-declining groups. In terms of outcomes, the high-declining and moderate-declining groups exhibited an increase in mental health problems (i.e., more depressive symptoms, lower self-esteem, and lower subjective well-being) and delinquent behaviors, even after controlling for their baseline levels. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of IA trajectories among adolescents, the predictive role of interpersonal factors, and different adjustment outcomes associated with IA trajectories. Therefore, prevention and intervention programs involving interpersonal relationships may be promising for adolescents at high or moderate risk of IA.

Understanding the motivations of food bank volunteers: Applying self‐determination theory and functional motivations theory

AbstractWe assessed the motivations, commitment, and subjective well‐being (SWB) of 441 food bank volunteers, using motivation scales derived from self‐determination theory and functional motives theory. Replicating the findings of Sheldon, Wineland, Venhoeven, and Osin's (2016) study of environmental activists, all motivation scales could be located on the autonomous or controlled motivation factors specified by self‐determination theory (SDT). In addition, SDT's intrinsic motivation construct was the best predictor of volunteer commitment and SWB. As a novel angle, we compared food bank volunteerism to a second free time activity, that was focused on the self rather than helping others. Participants reported less self‐determined motivation and lower SWB in the food bank activity, suggesting that volunteerism may impose costs, compared to self‐focused activities. We interpret the latter results via the Eudaimonic Activity Model (Martela &amp; Sheldon, 2019), concluding that activities that sound eudaimonic, based on their virtuous aims, are not necessarily so, based on their underlying motivations.

Reducing consumer materialism and compulsive buying through emotional intelligence training amongst Lithuanian students

Consumers' inclinations towards materialism and compulsive buying are influenced by a variety of factors. Materialistic consumers face maladies that cause stress and lower subjective well-being and are unable to control their buying behaviour that in turn leads to social and financial issues. This paper aims to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence training on consumers' materialism and compulsive buying. The experimental design involves 36 respondents across both groups. Findings confirm the hypothesis that ability-based training programmes can help consumers improve their emotional intelligence whilst also lowering their levels of materialism and compulsive buying. In sum, the results extend the existing literature on consumer materialism by providing an explanation on how specific emotional ability-based training can diminish materialistic and excessive buying inclinations. The development of emotional intelligence skills-based training programmes contributes to more sustainable consumer behaviour, mitigating the vulnerability to materialism and related addictive behavioural consequences.

Nomogram reliability for predicting potential risk in postgraduate medical students with anxiety symptoms

PurposeThis research aims to develop a Nomogram for exact anxiety symptoms prediction in postgraduate medical students so that they may be identified as high-risk individuals early and get focused care. MethodsUsing a convenient sampling method, for case-control matching, 126 participants with anxiety symptoms and 774 participants of the same age and gender but without anxiety symptoms were designated as the case group and control group, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify influencing factors for anxiety symptoms, then used to design and verify a Nomogram of anxiety symptoms. ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lack of social support (OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.91–0.99), low life satisfaction (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.86–0.95), low subjective well-being (OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.41–0.83) and frequent tobacco and alcohol use (OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.10–2.80) were independent predictors of anxiety symptoms in postgraduate medical students (P < 0.05). The Nomogram risk prediction model based on the above four independent prediction factors was established, and the verified C-index (Concordance index) is 0.787 (95%CI: 0.744–0.803, P < 0.001). ConclusionsAnxiety symptoms in postgraduate medical students are influenced by various variables. The Nomogram prediction model has high accuracy, validity, and reliability, which can provide reference for predicting anxiety symptoms in postgraduate medical students.