Low Voltage Stress Research Articles

Quadratic-Boost-Zeta Converter Based on Coat Circuit for High Voltage Gain Applications

This paper proposes a DC-DC step-up converter with a high voltage gain for solar and fuel cell systems. This converter combines a Zeta converter with one basic cell of the coated circuit and a Quadratic-Boost converter by a high-frequency transformer. The outputs of these two converters are connected in a series to boost the output voltage of the combined DC-DC converter. The proposed converter not only can achieve higher voltage gain but also acquire lower voltage stress on the semiconductor devices. Therefore, the devices with lower conduction resistances. Moreover, the circuit is made so that the outputs of each part of the converter keep the same properties as those of the converter that came before the combination, ensuring that each converter's known benefits are maintained. The proposed topology has one switch, which keeps the number of components low. The simulation of 240-watt, input voltage 30-volt, and 100kHz using the PLECS program is obtained to confirm the theoretical analysis of the proposed converter.

A 17-level octuple boost switched-capacitor inverter with lower voltage stress on devices

This paper presents a new structure for switched-capacitor multilevel inverter with octuple voltage gain capability. The proposed inverter utilizes three capacitors, 13 semiconductor switches, three diodes, and an input voltage source to achieve a 17-level output voltage. The switched capacitors naturally achieve voltage balancing without the need for sensors or additional circuits, indicating the ease of control of the proposed structure. To control the inrush current of the switched capacitors, a charge limiting inductor has been utilized in the charging path of the capacitors. This not only reduces the inrush current of the capacitors and the input source current but also enables faster capacitor charging and extends their lifetime. The switches used in the proposed structure can withstand a maximum of 4 times the input voltage value or the half of the maximum output voltage, which is a significant advantage for the proposed structure. A detailed comparison with similar structures is provided to examine the advantages and disadvantages of the suggested inverter. The procedure of self-voltage balancing of the capacitors and the functional modes of the proposed topology has been explained in detail. The proposed structure is suitable for applications such as renewable energy sources transfer to load or grid. The performance of the proposed topology under different conditions is confirmed through simulation in the Matlab\\Simulink software and the implementation of the laboratory sample.

Design and investigation of high power quality PV fed DC-DC boost converter

This study presents a new improved voltage gain dc-dc converter architecture to maximize solar photovoltaic (PV) power output. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method utilizes particle swarm optimization (PSO)–based artificial neural networks (ANN) to reduce the oscillations of output electrical performance at the maximum power point (MPP). For any solar cell temperature and irradiance, the ANN delivers the electrical current and voltage outputs at the MPP and thus could reach the MPP in minimum instances. A DC-DC converter needs specific characteristics to work with photovoltaic systems. These include higher voltage development to meet increased DC link voltage requirements, the continuous input current to extend the PV system life, common grounding to prevent electromagnetic interference, and reduced electrical stress with fewer components. This paper combines a quasi-switched switch inductor network and extendable diode capacitor modules to achieve the quality mentioned earlier. The converter offers constant input current, high efficiency (95 %) with considerable gain (12 times higher than input), lower voltage stress (almost one-fifth of output voltage), and a common grounding feature. The effectiveness of the proposed MPPT technique is analyzed in terms of higher efficiency, MPP tracking time, gain, and the normalized voltage stress on diodes. The experimental step is developed to validate the simulation (Simulink and Psim) results of the present research work.

A novel modified switched capacitor multilevel inverter using SARC-DQRLC controlling mechanisms for grid systems

Currently, the solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are becoming more and more important in order to meet the world's increasing demand for electricity. In this study, a unique Hybrid Group Search Integrated Rider (HGSR)-MPPT control technique is developed to track the maximum solar energy from the PV panels in order to meet the grid systems' need for electricity. Then, the output voltage of the PV is boosted using the cutting-edge Cuk Step-Up converter, which has a higher voltage gain efficiency and lower stress voltage between the switches. Consequently, the Self-Adaptive Rao Control (SARC) technique is implemented to produce the pulses required to actuate the converter's switching components. More specifically, the improved switched capacitor five-level inverter circuit is modelled in this study to improve the grid unit's power quality with low leakage current, switching stress, and minimal component consumption. In order to improve the performance of the MLI's switching operating modes, the unique Deep Reinforced Q-Learning Control (DRQLC) technique is implemented. The output voltage, current, power, THD, and voltage gain efficiency of the proposed controlling mechanisms' simulation results are evaluated and analyzed.

A new soft‐switching high step‐up DC–DC converter with low voltage stress

AbstractThis paper proposes a new high step‐up DC–DC converter with zero input current ripple for renewable energy sources applications, such as fuel cells. In this topology, a coupled inductor and a multiplier cell are used to achieve high voltage gains. The power switch in this proposed circuit turns on under zero voltage switching conditions. An active switch limits the maximum voltage stress across the main power switch. Moreover, all circuit diodes of the converter turn off without a reverse recovery problem. A detailed analysis of a high‐gain step‐up DC–DC converter is studied along with improved efficiency. The ripple cancellation of the input stage of the converter is done by adding an input inductor and capacitor. By including the parasitic elements, an approximate loss analysis was performed in PSIM and found the maximum efficiency of ∼96% in simulation and ∼94% in hardware for 200 W power level design for 30 V input voltage. Later on, the converter laboratory hardware prototype can be developed with selected parameters, and finally, experimental results have been used to validate the properties of the converter.

Design and validation of a DC–DC converter-based inductive power transfer system with increased efficiency and reduced voltage stress across switches

Research in wireless power transfer(WPT) focuses on improving efficiency, reducing energy consumption, improving safety, and increasing sustainability. It prioritises developing more efficient transmission technologies, such as high-frequency switching and resonant coupling, to enhance the system’s overall performance. However, high voltage stress across the semiconductor devices during switching operations at high frequencies can result in increased switching loss, leading to decreased overall efficiency of the WPT system. The switching loss can be minimised by reducing voltage stress, resulting in higher efficiency and improved energy transfer performance. This leads to more cost-effective WPT solutions without compromising performance or reliability by using lower-rated components and reducing the need for elaborate voltage clamping and protection circuits. Lowering voltage stress across switches can also help WPT systems comply with industry standards and regulations related to electrical safety, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), and energy efficiency. Meeting these standards is essential for ensuring the widespread adoption and commercial success of WPT technology. In this article, a class ø2 inverter and a modified class-E rectifier is integrated and applied in a WPT system. The benefits of a Resonant class ø2 inverter are zero voltage switching(ZVS) and lower switch voltage stress as compared to its predecessors. Also, a resonant class E/F3 rectifier inductively coupled in the receiving stage reduces the peak voltage stress across the diode. The system shown here is tuned to achieve maximum overall transfer efficiency. The proposed class ø2-E/F3 combined WPT system operating at 50 kHz simulated in PSIM software yielded a dc-dc efficiency of 94.56 percent, and the peak voltage stress across switches is found to reduced (2.4–2.7 times the input voltage as compared to the existing topologies where it surges upto 3.6–4 times the input voltage). These are also validated in Typhoon HIL’s Real-Time Emulator HIL402. In addition to that, a machine learning algorithm based on an Artificial Neural Network is used to generate a model to predict the switching frequency for a specified output voltage and efficiency.

A novel soft‐switching quadratic high voltage gain trans‐inverse DC/DC converter

AbstractThis paper suggests a new non‐isolated high step‐up DC/DC converter with soft‐switching performance and low input current ripple for renewable energy generation systems. In this introduced circuit, a three‐winding coupled‐inductor combined with a quadratic boost circuit and voltage multiplier cell to obtain high voltage gains. The advanced features of the proposed topology are its ultra‐high voltage gain, soft‐switching performance, low voltage stress across the switching components, continuous input current with low ripple, and the existence of a common ground between the input source and output load. Due to the partial trans‐inverse property in the suggested topology, higher voltage gains can be achieved under smaller turns ratios of the coupled in comparison to the other typical topologies, which leads to efficiency improvement. Moreover, in this introduced circuit, the voltage stress on the single power switch is mitigated using a regenerative clamp circuit. The theory and operating principle of the suggested converter, along with the steady‐state analysis and efficiency interpretation of the proposed converter are discussed in detail. Finally, to verify the theoretical analysis, a 200 W (25 V/400 V) sample prototype is established.

Interleaved High Voltage Gain DC-DC Converter with Winding-Cross-Coupled Inductors and Voltage Multiplier Cells for Photovoltaic Systems

An interleaved high voltage gain DC-DC converter with winding-cross-coupled inductors (WCCIs) and voltage multiplier cells is proposed for photovoltaic systems. The converter configuration is based on the interleaved boost converter integrating the diode-capacitor clamp circuits, the winding-cross-coupled inductors, and voltage multiplier cells to increase the voltage gain and reduce the semiconductor voltage stresses. The equal current sharing of two phases is achieved with the help of the winding-cross-coupled inductors. The converter achieves high voltage gain while operating at a proper duty ratio. The low-voltage-rated MOSFETs with low on-resistance are available to reduce the conduction losses due to the low switch voltage stress. The leakage energy of the coupled inductors is recycled such that the voltage spikes on the power switches are avoided. The input current ripple is decreased due to the interleaved operation. The operating principle and steady-state analysis of the proposed converter are proposed in detail. The design guidelines of the proposed converter are given. In addition, the closed-loop controlled system of the proposed converter is designed to diminish the effect of the variations in input voltage and load on the output voltage. Finally, the experimental results of a 1000 W converter prototype with 36 V input and 400 V output are given to validate the theoretical analysis and the converter performance.

Power flow and reliability analysis of a non-isolated PV/grid connected quasi resonant converter for off-board EV charging station

ABSTRACT Growing awareness of greenhouse gas emissions and exhaustion of fossil fuels leads to the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). However, the major limitations with respect to EV technology are the driving range and charging time. Also, the proliferation of EVs overloads the power grid and paves the way of incorporating renewable energy sources and energy storage devices. The use of multiple sources necessitates the deployment of compact, low-cost, and high-power electronic converters. This paper proposes a novel configuration of a Multi-Source Non-Isolated Quasi-Resonant Converter (MSNQRC) to overcome the limitations in the charging infrastructure. Due to the presence of a quasi-resonant network, the proposed MSNQRC with a single switch can achieve high voltage gain even at low-duty cycles, provide continuous current and low voltage stress. In addition, this paper elaborates on the parametric design of the converter along with PV modeling based on load ratings and the reliability research of MSNQRC by analysing component failures. A prototype model of 300W is built to verify the efficacy of the designed converter model. The results thus obtained validate the designed model and prove that the proposed system can be used for off-board battery charging systems.

A Common Grounded Voltage Quadrupler ASL/PSC Hybrid Converter With Reduced Voltage Stress

Active switched inductor (ASL) dc-dc converters have very high step-up voltage gain but practically they suffer from high voltage stress across switches because of the resonance caused by the mismatch among the inductor values and switch parameters. This paper presents a new hybrid dc-dc converter topology derived from ASL and passive switched capacitors (PSC). The proposed topology has high step up voltage gain over wide range of duty cycle. The resonance due to mismatch of parameters is eliminated. The proposed converter has low voltage stress, low current stress on circuit elements and common ground between input and output ports. The circuit configuration, operating principle and steady state analysis of the proposed converter are presented. The key performance parameters are compared with that of other high-gain dc-dc converters. A 300W laboratory prototype is developed and experimental verification is carried out for the voltage step-up from 30V to 400V. The closed-loop operation is also verified experimentally and results are presented.

Analysis and implementation of a soft-switching high step-up quasi Z-source dc-dc converter with low voltage stress

Analysis and implementation of a soft-switching high step-up quasi Z-source dc-dc converter with low voltage stress

High Step-Up Dual-Switch X-Source DC–DC Converters Integrating Various Capacitor-Winding-Diode Voltage-Double Technology

In this paper, a new class of high step-up dual-switch X-source DC-DC converters integrating various capacitor-winding-diode voltage-double technology are presented, which called respectively parallel-winding dual-switch X-source (PWDS-XS) DC-DC converter, series-winding dual-switch X-source (SWDS-XS) DC-DC converter, and flipped parallel-winding dual-switch X-source (FPWDS-XS) DC-DC converter. According to different winding homonymous end connections, voltage gains and turn ratios of proposed converters exist two relations: inversely proportional relations and positive proportional relations. Also, all proposed topologies can produce the higher voltage gain, and own the lower voltage stresses. Operation principles, math derivations and performance advantages of the proposed converters are analyzed in detail. Finally, the experimental protype is built to demonstrate the operation feasibility of the proposed converter.

Nonisolated Ultra-High Step-Up Quadratic Converter With ZVS Operation and Low Switch Voltage Stress

Nonisolated Ultra-High Step-Up Quadratic Converter With ZVS Operation and Low Switch Voltage Stress

Easily extensible interleaved high step-up boost converter with low current ripple and low voltage stress

Easily extensible interleaved high step-up boost converter with low current ripple and low voltage stress

A high step-up soft-single switched converter with three coupling inductors

ABSTRACT This paper presents a new high voltage gain converter, which bases on the incorporation of the voltage multiplier cell and the switched coupled inductor technique, having low voltage stress on the switch, which is far from the output voltage. The presented topology is well suited for high step-up applications. By integrating coupled inductors and voltage multiplier cell techniques, a high step-up voltage gain is achieved. All of the semiconductor devices are switched under soft switching conditions, which reduces the switching losses significantly. The switch turns on at ZCS and turns off at ZVS. All diodes have soft-switching features and their reverse recovery problem is obviated due to the leakage inductance. The operation principles and theoretical analysis of proposed converter are presented in details. At the end, the experimental results have been taken from a laboratory prototype rated at 100 W, input voltage of 24 V, output voltage of 300 V, and switching frequency of 100 kHz.

A Novel KSK Converter with Machine Learning MPPT for PV Applications

Power electronic converters are regarded as indispensable aspects of modern electric power systems, owing their eminence as optimal power interface and power flow regulators. Hence, the design of an efficient converter is vital to support wide-scale expansion in the application of both Renewable Energy Sources and Electric Vehicles. Thereby, a novel high gain K. S. Kavin (KSK) converter based on interleaved architecture, exhibiting lower voltage stress across switches is proposed in this research work. The suggested converter design is well suited for Photovoltaics (PV) power generation, as it offers higher step-up gain with lower input current ripples. Moreover, mathematical analysis and modeling of suggested KSK converter with different operational modes are also covered in this article. Additionally, the Radial Basis Function Neural Network based on Machine Learning is employed as a Maximum Power Point Tracking technique to optimize power generated by the PV system. Additionally, Internet of Things (IoT) is used for real-time monitoring of PV parameters. The viability of the suggested KSK converter is demonstrated through MATLAB simulation and laboratory prototype implementation, while the control of the developed 1000 W prototype is entrusted up on the FPGA Spartan 6E controller. Consequently, achieved exceptional 98.6% efficiency of the proposed KSK converter lends credence to its excellence over other published converter topologies.

Cutting-Edge Triple-Port Soft-Switching Converter for Seamless Renewable Energy Integration

Three-port converters with high voltage gain are desirable solutions for integrating renewable energy and energy storage devices into high voltage dc bus. A high gain three-port converter with soft switching is proposed in this paper, which can realize zero voltage switching (ZVS) for all switches and zero current switching (ZCS) for all diodes in various operating modes. Single coupled inductor is used to achieve high voltage gain and to reduce the voltage stress of switches so that switches with low on-resistance can be selected to reduce the conduction loss. In addition, the advantages of fewer components, higher voltage gain, and very low switch voltage stresses make the proposed converter more suitable for application in renewable energy systems than similar solutions. Various operating modes, performance analysis, design considerations, efficiency analysis, and control method of the proposed converter are discussed. A laboratory prototype with 30V renewable energy source, 48V energy storage device and 400V output is designed to verify the performance of the proposed three-port converter.

Design of A GaN Based High Frequency Inverter for Electrosurgery

Electrosurgery performs cutting and coagulation procedures using high energy and high frequency electric current. It reduces bleeding during surgical interventions, shortens the operation time and accelerates the healing process. In this study, a GaN based high frequency full bridge class DE resonant inverter design is proposed for use in electrosurgery. The proposed inverter provides AC voltage at high frequencies and the switches operate with ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) at low voltage stress. In addition, the use of GaN elements provides high efficiency and high-power density. The operating frequency is selected as 500 kHz for three different cutting modes of electrosurgery. After the technical analysis and simulation studies of the high frequency class DE resonant inverter, an experimental setup was designed and implemented in a laboratory environment. The efficiency performance over a variable load range is analysed. Finally, pure cutting, blend and coagulation modes are tested on the different loads, potato - chicken breast - liver, simulating real tissue. On the potato load for pure cutting mode, the output voltage is 39.9 V and the output current is 0.7 A while an efficiency of 35%.

Vienna Rectifier Modeling and Harmonic Coupling Analysis Based on Harmonic State-Space

Due to the high permeability characteristics of power electronic devices connected to the distribution grid, the potential harmonic coupling problem cannot be ignored. The Vienna rectifier is widely utilized in electric vehicle charging stations and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems due to its high power factor, adaptable control strategies, and low voltage stress on power switches. In this paper, the three-level Vienna rectifier is studied, and the harmonic state-space (HSS) method is used to model the rectifier. The proposed model can reflect the harmonic transfer characteristics between the AC current and the DC output voltage at various frequencies. Finally, the model’s accuracy and the corresponding harmonic characteristics analysis are further verified by simulation and experimental test results. The results show that the harmonic state-space modeling used for Vienna rectifiers can reflect the harmonic dynamics of the AC and DC sides, which can be used in stability analysis, control parameter design, and other related fields.

A high step‐up high step‐down coupled inductor based bidirectional DC–DC converter with low voltage stress on switches

AbstractThis paper proposes, a novel soft‐switching bidirectional direct current to direct current (DC–DC) converter based on switched‐capacitor and coupled‐inductor. The proposed converter has a simple structure and utilizes four switches and a three‐winding coupled inductor and can achieve a high voltage conversion ratio in both step‐up/step‐down operations. By employing the switched‐capacitor technique, voltage stress across the power switches is low and therefore low voltage rating switches can be adopted to reduce the losses of their conduction. Soft‐switching characteristic of the proposed converter reduces the switching loss of active power switches and raises the conversion efficiency. This paper presents theoretical analysis for all operating modes of the converter, voltage conversion ratio, voltage and current stresses of all power switches. Finally, to test the validity of theoretical results and demonstrate the performance of the converter, experimental results are provided.