Low-skilled People Research Articles

Impact of Globalisation on Unemployment and Inequality in India

Globalization in the Indian economy has severely affected unemployment and income inequality. The study deals with the impact of India’s economic integration on the global economy and income distribution in the country’s labor market. Economic growth, more employment opportunities in industry and all technological developments, have been enhanced by globalization. However, benefits were not distributed equally, and inequality rose as a result. Many low-skilled people are unemployed or underemployed because traditional manufacturing and agriculture have not been able to keep up with the growth of service and IT industries, which despite creating many high-skilled positions, now have wide local differences Urban areas have experienced greater economic gains than rural areas. According to the results, given the strong relationship between globalization, employment and inequality, policymaking should focus on achieving more equitable growth in India To reduce the impact of globalization unevenness and unemployment, it is important to prevent skills gaps, strengthen social security and encourage equitable regional development

기술거래플랫폼 서비스 개선방안에 대한 연구

Purpose - The domestic technology trading market is composed of a technology trading platform with the participation of technology trading institutions. The institution that operates the technology trading platform provides various support for technology transaction. The purpose of this study is to suggest improvement plans through analysis of the services provided by the technology trading platform. Design/methodology/approach TA model was built based on existing research and the importance and satisfaction of each evaluation item of the model were identified through the hierarchical analysis process and expert opinion gathering. Then importance-satisfaction correlation analysis was applied. Findings - As a result of analyzing the importance of the technology trading platform, supply technology information, technology value evaluation, and demand technology information are in order. Technology marketing and demand technology information are areas that require focus management and there are differences according to experience and low-skilled people suggest the need to improve technology value evaluation service. Research implications or Originality - This study is significant in that it evaluated the operational performance of a technology trading platform that had not been addressed for 15 years and suggested improvement measures. Initially a series of technology transaction processes such as technology value evaluation technology matching and technology commercialization support were expanded from simple information on previous technology and this study includes these changes.

Some Experience of the Complex, National Human Resource Development Programmes in the Hungarian Rural Regions

Abstract The key objective of this paper is the structural-regional examination of disadvantaged job seekers’ employability in the convergence regions of Hungary. One element of the comparative evaluation of the EU-supported, complex, national employability-enhancing programmes is the exploration of successful and unsuccessful factors and the formulation of recommendations for future projects of this kind. While the evaluation of the previous programme beginning nearly a decade ago was based on document analysis (technical procedures, budget summaries, communications plans, action and progress schedules and reports), in-depth interviews with the employment departments staff provided assistance in the evaluation accomplished five years later. The assessment of interviews was completed by the public, follow-up data about people successfully passing the programme and still being employed half a year after the closing of the programme. This data was the basis for the measurement of regional impact, which necessitated the development of two regional reintegration indicators. The group-specific evaluation pointed to the fact that low-skilled people can be involved with much less efficiency into employability-enhancing programmes. The present study also shows that the expected marginal utility of an employability programme is greater, which is realised in an economic environment driven by labour market demand.

Job Tasks, Time Allocation, and Wages

While a burgeoning literature has extolled the conceptual virtues of directly measuring the underlying job tasks that define work activities, in practice task-based approaches have been hampered by well-known data limitations. We study wage determination using data collected specifically to address these limitations. Most fundamentally, we construct the first longitudinal dataset containing job-level task information for individual workers. New quantitative task measures take advantage of unique survey questions that ask respondents to detail the amount of time spent performing People, Information, and Objects tasks at different skill levels. These measures have clear interpretations, suggest natural proxies for on-the-job human capital accumulation, and provide methodological guidance for future data collection initiatives. A model of comparative advantage highlights the benefits of the unique data features, and guides the specification and interpretation of empirical models. We provide new findings about the effect of current and past tasks on wages. First, current job tasks are quantitatively important, with high skilled tasks being paid substantially more than low skilled tasks. Second, there is no evidence of learning-by-doing (i.e., effects of past tasks) for low skilled tasks, but strong evidence for high skilled tasks. Current and past high skilled information tasks are particularly valuable, although high skilled interpersonal tasks also play a significant role. Shifting 10 percent of work time from low skilled people tasks to high skilled information tasks increases a worker’s yearly wage by 22 percent after ten years. The accumulation of valuable task-specific experience accounts for 70 percent of this increase, and the direct current-period effect of performing different tasks accounts for the remainder.

Significance of educational and vocational counselling in low-skilled people's narratives

ABSTRACTIn the contemporary world, many people find themselves confused and challenged by unpredictability of life paths, labour market instability and necessary revisions to vocational careers. They may be helped by professional support institutions. For some people, seeking professional help when facing a predicament is evidence of resourcefulness. Others, however, perceive a request for help as expressive of vulnerability and a lack of self-reliance in coping with life problems. In this article, we examine 15 interviews with low-skilled and low-educated people in Poland about their experiences with educational and vocational counselling as well as the relevance they attribute to past meetings with counsellors. Concluding, we formulate recommendations for Polish educational and vocational counselling.

Letters Learning Game for Young Low Skilled People

Using game in learning becomes one of the most successful approaches in learning nowadays, due to its effectiveness in learning. It is proved that students who learn from game performed better than traditional learning style. Letters web learning game for young over age student is a 2D learning web game, that is suitable for learn young student with low learning skills (over age students) English letters. It improves the student ability to recognize letters’ shapes, spelling, and writing in an exciting way. The game is implemented using PHP, JavaScript, HTML, CSS and a Phaser library.

Effects of Migration on European Labour Market Equilibrium

This paper investigates the labour market effects of migration-related supply shocks on labour market. Immigration has become important socio-economic phenomenon for many countries in globalized world. It is therefore the subject of increasingly vigorous political debate. Focusing mostly on European migration, we provide an evaluative review which aims to enhance the understanding of migration and its potential role for development. However, regardless of (i) the demographic change that induces population ageing, low fertility rates, and increase in life expectancy, as well as (ii) a labour market that is characterized by high levels of unemployment for low-skilled people and a simultaneous shortage of skilled workers that the EU is facing today, it still lacks the common immigration policy that would address this issues. In such a situation, an economically motivated common immigration policy at the European level can result in welfare improvements.

The Fragility of Self-Respect: Emotional Labour of Workfare Volunteering

This article contributes to our empirical understanding of self-respect in rising meritocracies by focusing on the experiences of unemployed, low-skilled people recruited as workfare volunteers in the Netherlands. As many theorists have argued, the long-term unemployed struggle to maintain self-esteem. We found that workfare projects that introduce them to voluntary work can help them regain self-respect through four types of emotional labour: feeling respected through their newfound status, enjoying a craft, being able to perform in less stressful working environments, and taking pride in the meaning bestowed by voluntary work. But the emotional labour necessary to experience their situation more positively also increases the risk of experiencing negative emotions, thereby posing new threats to the fragile self-respect of unemployed citizens.

European Labour Mobility: Challenges and Potentials

European Union economies are pressed by (i) a demographic change that induces population ageing and a decline of the workforce, and (ii) a split labour market that is characterized by high levels of unemployment for low-skilled people and a simultaneous shortage of skilled workers. This lack of flexible high-skilled workers and the aging process has created the image of an immobile labour force and the eurosklerosis phenomenon. In such a situation, an economically motivated immigration policy at the European level can generate welfare improvements. A selective policy that discourages unskilled migrants and attracts skilled foreign workers will vitalize the labour market, foster growth and increase demand for unskilled native workers. The paper summarizes the available economic insights, and suggests (i) the need to harmonize the single-country migration policies across Europe and (ii) that the European Union needs to become an active player on the international labour markets by providing competitive institutional settings for European companies.

Encouraging more low-skilled people to take part in training

Encouraging more low-skilled people to take part in training

La Prime pour l'emploi constitue-t-elle un instrument de soutien aux bas revenus ?

<titre>Résumé</titre> À sa création, l’on a pu faire le constat que la Prime pour l’emploi ne satisfaisait qu’imparfaitement ses deux objectifs proclamés : renforcer significativement les incitations financières au travail pour des emplois peu qualifiés et distribuer du pouvoir d’achat aux titulaires de revenus d’activité modestes. Dans cette étude, nous évaluons — à l’aune de ce second objectif — la majoration de la Prime pour l’emploi instaurée en 2003 pour les travailleurs à temps partiel. Nous regardons si cette majoration a permis de faire de ce crédit d’impôt un véritable instrument de soutien aux bas revenus. Ensuite, nous analysons — à coût budgétaire identique — les effets de deux autres aménagements envisageables afin de satisfaire ce même objectif : une augmentation des taux qui déterminent le montant de la Prime pour l’emploi pour chaque foyer fiscal bénéficiaire et la mise en place d’une majoration par enfant à charge de moins de six ans. La première réforme se situe dans la poursuite des aménagements survenus en 2002. La seconde réforme s’interprète comme une prise en charge partielle des coûts liés à la reprise d’une activité professionnelle ou à un accroissement de la participation sur le marché du travail. Nous complétons nos résultats par quelques éléments sur les effets d’une baisse du plancher des revenus d’activité qui fixe l’éligibilité de la Prime pour l’emploi et d’une accentuation du reprofilage réalisé en direction des travailleurs à temps partiel.

Product market competition, unemployment and income disparities

Product Market Competition, Unemployment and Income Disparities. — We discuss how promoting competition in product markets affects unemployment and wage differentials. We examine a general equilibrium model with real wage rigidities in labor markets and market power in product markets. We illustrate how more intense competition reduces unemployment. A decrease of markups would induce an increase of real wages if real wages were flexible. This enables the employment of more low-skilled people above a real reservation wage. More intensive competition, however, widens wage and income differences between low-skilled and high-skilled workers. Differences of income distributions across countries could also be caused by differences in the intensity of product market competition.

The empirical base of Trope's position on achievement-task choice: A critique

The empirical base of Trope's position on achievement-task choice is critiqued here. Attention is focused on Trope's earliest studies (Trope, 1975; Trope & Brickman, 1975) because they provide this position's most critical tests. Support for the following three propositions of the position is assessed: (1) diagnosticity information, rather than task difficulty information, is the basis of task selection; (2) desire for information about one's ability, not the wish for certain affective consequences, is what motivates achievement-task choice; and (3) the success of the Atkinson model is owed to the adventitious confounding existing between task diagnosticity and task difficulty, and the resulting confounding between ability-informational and affective consequences. The major findings are that (1) the tests of all propositions have such serious logical flaws that they cannot answer the questions they seek to answer, (2) the task choice situation containing the diagnosticity manipulation employed by Trope is so different from real-life task choice situations as to call into question the relevance of Trope's findings for the latter situations, (3) Trope's diagnosticity manipulation is a meaningless one as it gives rise to situations that are logical impossibilities (e.g., skill tasks that are performed equally well by high- and low-skilled people), and (4) the tests of Atkinson's position are invalidated by a serious misinterpretation of that position by Trope.