Low Serum High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels Research Articles

Changes in blood glucose and lipid metabolism levels in children with central precocious puberty and its correlation with obesity.

This study analyzed the changes in blood glucose and lipid metabolism levels in children with central precocious puberty (CPP) and the correlation between CPP and obesity. In total, 88 children with CPP aged 6-10 years who were admitted to our hospital between January 2023 and June 2024 (the CPP group), and 88 children without CPP in the same age group who received health check-ups (the non-CPP group) were retrospectively enrolled in this study. General data [gender, age, bone age, and body mass index (BMI)] were collected. Levels of blood glucose metabolism indicators [fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)] and blood lipid metabolism indicators [triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] were compared. The incidence of obesity was calculated, and the Tanner stages of the obese group and the non-obese group were compared. The correlation between CPP degree (measured by Tanner staging) and obesity degree (measured by BMI) was analyzed using Spearman's correlation analysis. The differences in gender and age between the CPP and non-CPP groups were insignificant (P > 0.05). Bone age and BMI in the CPP group were higher than in the non-CPP group (P < 0.05). The CPP group had higher serum FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, TG, TC, and LDL-C levels and lower serum HDL-C levels than the non-CPP group. The incidence of obesity was higher in the CPP group (21.59%, 19/88) than in the non-CPP group (6.82%, 6/88). The Tanner staging scores in the obese group for the boys (testes and pubic hair), girls (breasts and pubic hair), and as a whole (testes/breasts and pubic hair) were elevated compared to those in the non-obese group (P < 0.05). Spearman's correlation showed that the CPP degree (measured by Tanner staging) was positively correlated with the obesity degree (measured by BMI) in boys, girls, and the study sample as a whole (P < 0.001). Children with CPP had abnormal levels of blood glucose and lipid metabolism, and the CPP degree in these children was positively correlated with the degree of obesity.

Factors associated with gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: A multicenter case-control study

Background and AimsThe incidence of gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (GNET and DNET, respectively) is increasing, however associated factors of these diseases are not well known. Here, we investigated the factors associated with GNET and DNET. MethodsPatients with GNET and DNET presenting at eight tertiary referral centers between 2001 and 2020 were included and compared with healthy controls who underwent upper endoscopic screening. Clinical factors and laboratory data were analyzed to determine associated factors of GNET and DNET. ResultsOverall, 396 patients with GNET and 193 patients with DNET were included and compared with 1725 healthy controls. Multivariate analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR] 0.98), diabetes (OR 1.72), hypertension (OR 1.97), low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (OR 2.54), and past/present H. pylori infection (OR 1.46) were significantly associated with GNET. In contrast, DNET was significantly associated with diabetes (OR 1.80), hypertension (OR 1.68), low serum HDL-C levels (OR 2.29), and past/present H. pylori infection (OR 5.42). In the sex-based subgroup analysis in GNET, current smoking was strongly associated in women (OR 9.85), but not in men. ConclusionsThis study identified several common metabolic factors associated with GNET and DNET. Additionally, some factors had sex-specific associations.

Two Cases of Acquired High-Density Lipoprotein Deficiency with Immunoglobulin G4-Related Lecithin–Cholesterol Acyltransferase Autoantibody

Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) plays a significant role in the progression from premature to mature high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in circulation. Consequently, primary or secondary LCAT deletion or reduction naturally results in low serum HDL cholesterol levels. Recently, rare cases of acquired HDL deficiency with LCAT autoantibodies have been reported, mainly from Japan, where LCAT autoantibodies of immunoglobulin G (IgG) caused the HDL deficiency. Here to our knowledge, we report for the first time two cases of acquired HDL deficiency caused by IgG4 linked LCAT autoantibodies with or without a high serum IgG4 level. Furthermore, these cases can extend to a new concept of "IgG4 autoimmune disease" from the viewpoint of verifying the serum autoantibody and/or renal histopathology.

Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level has a significant prognostic impact on outcomes of follicular lymphoma patients.

We investigated the potential of nutritional and inflammatory parameters as prognostic factors for follicular lymphoma (FL), and also examined the predictive value of the early progression of disease within 24 months of first-line chemo-immunotherapy (POD24).We retrospectively analyzed 46 patients with FL admitted to Teikyo University Hospital and treated with chemo-immunotherapy between May 2009 and July 2019. Physical characteristics, blood parameters, and markers or scores for consumptive/inflammatory and nutritional conditions were used as variables.Nine parameters correlated with poor overall survival (OS) in univariate analysis: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale performance status (PS) ≥2, five or more involved nodal sites, positive bone marrow (BM) involvement, a serum albumin level <3.5 g/dL, CRP >0.5 mg/dL, lactate dehydrogenase (LD) higher than the upper normal limit (UNL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <40 mg/dL, modified Glasgow prognostic score of 1–2, and the geriatric nutritional risk index <82. In multivariate analysis, ECOG PS ≥2, positive BM involvement, and a serum HDL-C level <40 mg/dL remained significant for poor progression-free survival. One-year OS rate after receiving salvage chemotherapy was lower in the POD24 group (50%) and POD24 correlated with ECOG PS ≥2, positive BM involvement, a serum lactate dehydrogenase >UNL, and HDL-C <40 mg/dL by Fisher’s exact test.These results indicate that low serum HDL-C levels appear to be important for predicting the risk of POD24 and the worse prognosis of FL.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Prediabetes and Metabolic Syndrome in Seemingly Healthy Persons at a Health Check-Up Clinic

PurposeThis study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of prediabetes (PreDM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in seemingly healthy persons attending a health check-up clinic at a tertiary care hospital.Patients and MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 1213 subjects (339 male, 874 female) who underwent an annual health check-up at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand from 2009 to 2019. Factors that independently related to PreDM were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression analysis with adjustments for age, BMI, and gender.ResultsThe prevalence of PreDM and MetS was 54.3% and 19.7% respectively. Participants with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 38.8–46.4 mmol/mol had significantly higher waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) compared to those with IFG or HbA1c 38.8–46.4 mmol/mol alone (P < 0.05). Among three PreDM subgroups, the average age was lowest in the HbA1c 38.8–46.4 mmol/mol subgroup (P < 0.001). PreDM participants with MetS were older (p = 0.03), had higher WC, BP, fasting plasma glucose and serum triglyceride level (all P < 0.001) but had lower serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed high MetS score, obesity, and low serum HDL cholesterol level to be independently associated with PreDM with odds ratios of 9.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.03–20.18), 1.8 (95% CI: 1.07–3.04), and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.02–1.96), respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence of PreDM and MetS was relatively high in seemingly healthy persons. Distinct PreDM subgroups with or without MetS exhibited diverse clinical and biochemical features suggesting dissimilar pathogenesis.

Reduced serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and aberrantly expressed cholesterol metabolism genes in colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUNDColorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Lipid metabolism, as an important part of material and energy circulation, is well known to play a crucial role in CRC.AIMTo explore the relationship between serum lipids and CRC development and identify aberrantly expressed cholesterol metabolism genes in CRC.METHODSWe retrospectively collected 843 patients who had confirmed CRC and received surgical resection from 2013 to 2015 at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences as our research subjects. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-C/HDL-C and clinical features were collected and statistically analyzed by SPSS. Then, we used the data from Oncomine to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the cholesterol metabolism pathway in CRC and used Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis to confirm the candidate DEGs. PrognoScan was used to analyze the prognostic value of the DEGs, and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes was used to construct the protein–protein interaction network of DEGs.RESULTSThe serum HDL-C level in CRC patients was significantly correlated with tumor size, and patients whose tumor size was more than 5 cm had a lower serum HDL-C level (1.18 ± 0.41 mmol/L vs 1.25 ± 0.35 mmol/L, P < 0.01) than their counterparts. In addition, TC/HDL (4.19 ± 1.33 vs 3.93 ± 1.26, P < 0.01) and LDL-C/HDL-C (2.83 ± 1.10 vs 2.61 ± 0.96, P < 0.01) were higher in patients with larger tumors. The levels of HDL-C (P < 0.05), TC/HDL-C (P < 0.01) and LDL-C/HDL-C (P < 0.05) varied in different stages of CRC patients, and the differences were significant. We screened 14 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the cholesterol metabolism pathway in CRC and confirmed that lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8), PCSK9, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), MBTPS2 and FDXR are upregulated, while ABCA1 and OSBPL1A are downregulated in cancer tissue. Higher expression of LDLR (HR = 3.12, 95%CI: 1.77-5.49, P < 0.001), ABCA1 (HR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.11-2.48, P = 0.012) and OSBPL1A (HR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.01-1.89, P = 0.041) all yielded significantly poorer DFS outcomes. Higher expression of FDXR (HR = 0.7, 95%CI: 0.47-1.05, P = 0.002) was correlated with longer DFS. LDLR, ABCA1, OSBPL1A and FDXR were involved in many important cellular function pathways.CONCLUSIONSerum HDL-C levels are associated with tumor size and stage in CRC patients. LRP8, PCSK9, LDLR, MBTPS2 and FDXR are upregulated, while ABCA1 and OSBPL1A are downregulated in CRC. Among them, LDLR, ABCA1, OSBPL1A and FDXR were valuable prognostic factors of DFS and were involved in important cellular function pathways.

Effect of Xuezhikang Therapy on Expression of Pulmonary Hypertension Related miR-638 in Patients With Low HDL-C Levels.

Objective: Low plasma level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) associated with poor outcomes in several cardiovascular diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Regulation of miR-638 have been proved to be associated with PAH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of miR-638 after Xuezhikang (XZK) therapy in patients with low HDL-C. Methods: Plasma levels of miR-638 were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reactions in 20 patients with PAH and 30 healthy controls. A total of 40 subjects with low HDL-C were assigned to receive an XZK therapy for 6 months. The miR-638 expression profiles were detected in PAH patients, XZK-treated subjects and lovastatin treated pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs). Results: The relative expression level of miR-638 in the plasma was lower in the PAH patients than that in the controls (p < 0.001). An increase of 11.2% from baseline in the HDL-C level was found after XZK therapy (p < 0.001). The relative expression of miR-638 was increased after XZK treatment (p < 0.01). The changes of miR-638 were inversely associated with baseline HDL-C levels. A significantly reduction in miR-638 expression were found in PDGF-BB-treated hPA-SMCs compared to the control cells, and the pre-treatment of the cells with lovastatin significantly re-gain the expression levels in miR-638. Conclusion: In patients with low HDL-C levels, XZK therapy raised the expression of miR-638, suggesting that the potential therapeutic effect of XZK in PAH patients with low serum HDL-C levels deserves further exploration.

Neural correlates of the association between depression and high density lipoprotein cholesterol change

There is evidence that major depressive disorder (MDD) is related to serum lipid level alterations. However, the neural correlates underlying this association remain poorly understood. Forty-nine patients with MDD and fifty healthy controls (HCs) underwent structural, resting-state functional and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging scans. Voxel-based morphometry, functional connectivity (FC) and tract-based spatial statistics analyses were performed to assess brain structure and function, respectively. Blood samples were collected to measure serum levels of lipid variables including total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Correlation and mediation analyses were conducted to investigate the associations of serum lipid levels with brain imaging measures in MDD patients and HCs, respectively. We found that the serum HDL-C level in MDD patients was lower than that in HCs. The lower serum HDL-C level was associated with lower gray matter volume (GMV) in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), higher within-network FC of the default mode network, and lower micro-structural integrity in multiple white matter regions in MDD patients. Moreover, the within-default mode network FC mediated the relationship between GMV in VMPFC and serum HDL-C level; white matter integrity in genu of corpus callosum mediated the relationship between serum HDL-C level and depressive symptom severity. However, we did not observe any correlations between serum lipids and brain imaging parameters in HCs. These findings help to identify neural correlates underlying the association between depression and serum HDL-C change, which may provide new insight into intervention, treatment and prevention of depression from the perspective of regulating serum lipids.

Serum Levels of HDL Cholesterol are Associated with Diffuse Axonal Injury in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.

It is well known that lipids are vital for axonal myelin repair. Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is characterized by widespread axonal injury. The association between serum lipids and DAI is not well known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of serum lipid profile variables (triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoproteins, and total cholesterol) with DAI detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and with clinical outcome for patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study included 176 patients with a history of TBI who had undergone initial serum lipid measurements within 1week and brain MRIs within 30days. Based on MRI findings, patients were divided into negative and positive DAI groups. Of the 176 patients, 70 (39.8%) were assigned to DAI group and 106 (60.2%) patients to non-DAI group. Compared with the non-DAI group, patients with DAI had significantly lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum during the first week following TBI. Multivariate analysis identified HDL-C as an independent predictor of DAI. Patients with lower serum HDL-C levels were less likely to regain consciousness within 6months in TBI patients with DAI lesions identified by MRI. Plasma levels of HDL-C may be a viable addition to biomarker panels for predicting the presence and prognosis of DAI on subsequent MRI following TBI.

Biochemical Index, Nutrition Label Use, and Weight Control Behavior in Female Adolescents: Using the 2010 and 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

This study was conducted to analyze the biochemical index, nutrient intakes, nutrition label use, diet-related factors and weight control behavior of Korean female adolescents at the age of 12 to 18 according to body mass index (BMI) by using the results of the 2010 and 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. The obese group had higher waist circumference (p < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.01) than the normal group. In the biochemical index, the obese group had lower serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level (p < 0.001), while their triglyceride level was higher than the normal group (p < 0.01). Nutrient intake according to BMI was not significantly different except carbohydrate, and calcium intake was about 53% of recommended nutrient intake in all study subjects. The nutrition label was recognized in more than 90% of all groups. But actual nutrition label use was below 50% in all groups and the underweight group was the lowest (p < 0.05). In the result for subjective body image perception, even in the group with normal BMI, 25.3% recognized themselves as obese, and 75.3% said they were trying to lose weight, indicating that many female teens actually think their bodies are obese. In conclusion, obese female adolescents have high systolic blood pressure and serum triglyceride concentrations, which requires obesity prevention education. And a large number of female adolescents with normal BMI thought they were obese and tried to lose weight. Therefore, education on healthy weight and calcium intake is necessary.

Serum lipid profiles and post-stroke depression in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Purpose: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a psychiatric complication after stroke that leads to poorer stroke outcomes. Recent observational studies have indicated that lipid profiles were associated with a higher risk of stroke and depression. This study aims to further explore the possible relationship between serum lipid profiles and the development of PSD.Methods: A total of 373 acute ischemic stroke patients were examined. Serum lipid profiles including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) were measured within 24 hrs of admission. Depression symptoms were assessed by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) at the one-month follow-up, and HAMD scores ≥7 indicated a diagnosis of PSD.Results: A total of 114 patients were diagnosed with PSD at the one-month follow-up, for a percentage of 30.6%. There were significant differences in HDL-C levels (P<0.001), LDL-C levels (P=0.002) and the LDL/HDL ratio (P<0.001) between the PSD and non-PSD groups, but no differences were observed in TGs, TC, Apo A1 or Apo B. Low serum HDL-C levels (r = −0.157, P<0.001) and elevated LDL-C levels (r =0.139, P=0.002) and the LDL/HDL ratio (r =0.227, P<0.001) were associated with HAMD scores. After adjusting for the NIHSS score, BI score, mRS score and alcohol consumption in the logistic analysis, low HDL-C levels and the highest quartile (≥3.07) of the LDL/HDL ratio were independently associated with the development of PSD (OR =0.250, 95% CI, 0.077–0.813, P=0.021 and OR =1.874, 95% CI, 1.050–3.347, P=0.034, respectively).Conclusion: Decreased levels of HDL-C and elevated levels of LDL/HDL ratio are associated with PSD. HDL-C and the LDL/HDL ratio are independent predictors of PSD.

Low HDL cholesterol as a predictor of chronic kidney disease progression: a cross-classification approach and matched cohort analysis.

Emerging epidemiological evidence indicates that low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are associated with the risk of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the differences in the influence of serum HDL-C levels on CKD progression in different subcohorts have rarely been examined in detail in previous studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of low serum HDL-C levels as a predictor of disease progression in CKD patients according to sub-analyses using a cross-classified subcohort. We reviewed data obtained from 120 CKD patients. Prognostic factors for renal outcome were identified by the multivariate Cox proportional hazards method. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess disease progression, which was defined as a > 30% decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), or end-stage renal disease. The mean age of the included participants was 58.3 ± 13.6years. The subjects were divided into two groups (low HDL-C vs. high HDL-C). The median follow-up period was 112.8months. The kidney survival rate in the low HDL-C group was significantly lower than that in the high HDL-C group (P < 0.0001). However, the age-stratified analysis showed no difference between the two groups in the cohort of patients ≥ 70years old. Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed a significant association between low HDL-C [hazard ratio (HR) 4.80, P = 0.009] and a ≥ 30% eGFR decline or ESRD. This association was more evident in the cohort of patients < 70years old (HR 4.96, P = 0.0165), especially the female subcohort (HR 13.86, P = 0.0033). Multivariate analysis showed a significant correlation between visceral fat area and serum HDL-C levels among both male (P = 0.0017) and female (P = 0.0449) patients. In a propensity score-matched cohort (patients < 70years old), the kidney survival rate of CKD patients was significantly lower in the low HDL-C group than in the high HDL-C group (P = 0.0364). A low serum HDL-C level is a significant predictor of CKD progression, especially in female patients with CKD under 70years of age. This finding is of importance to clinicians when determining the expected prognosis of CKD in patients.

Late-Onset Malignant Neoplasms and Their Prognostic Factors after Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Little is known about late-onset primary malignant neoplasms after repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) despite malignancy being one of the primary causes oflate death. We investigated the incidence and prognostic factors related to the occurrence of malignancy after AAA repair. We performed a retrospective analysis of 589 patients who underwent AAA repair, including 264 endovascular AAA repairs and 325 open surgical repairs; 482 patients had no history of previous malignancy or concomitant malignancy, 72 had previous malignancy, and 35 had concomitant malignancy in remission at the time of AAA repair. The cumulative incidence rates of late-onset malignancy occurrence and cancer death were estimated using the cumulative incidence function in the presence of competing risks, that is, noncancer death, and prognostic factors were investigated using the Fine-Gray hazard model. After hospital discharge, 128 malignancies occurred in 116 patients. Overall cumulative incidence rates of late-onset malignancy occurrence at 1, 3, 5, and 10years were 4.0%, 11.7%, 18.2%, and 38.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that significant prognostic factors for late-onset malignancy included history of previous malignancy, current smoker, higher intraoperative blood loss, absence of allogeneic blood transfusion, lower C-reactive protein levels, and lower serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. The type of surgical procedures for AAA repair did not affect the occurrence of malignancy. In addition, current smoker and higher intraoperative blood loss significantly increased the risk of cancer death. Current smoker and higher intraoperative blood loss were independent risk factors for late-onset malignancy after AAA repair. Late-onset malignancy after AAA repair should be monitored among patients at high risk and requires aggressive management to improve long-term survival.

Association of maternal serum lipids at late gestation with the risk of neonatal macrosomia in women without diabetes mellitus

BackgroundMacrosomia is a serious public health problem worldwide due to its increasing prevalence and adverse influences on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Maternal dyslipidemia exerts potential and adverse impacts on pregnant women and newborns. However, the association between maternal serum lipids and the risk of macrosomia has not yet been clearly elucidated. We explored the association between the maternal lipids profile at late gestation and the risk of having macrosomia among women without diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsThe medical records of 5407 pregnant women giving birth to single live babies at term were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects with DM, hypertension, thyroid disorders and fetal malformation were excluded. Maternal fasting serum lipids were measured during late pregnancy. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the variables associated with the risk of macrosomia.ResultsMaternal serum triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were related to macrosomia; each 1 mmol/L increase in TG resulted in a 27% increase in macrosomia risk, while each 1 mmol/L increase in HDL-C level resulted in a 37% decrease in macrosomia risk, even after adjusting for potential confounders. Notably, the risk of macrosomia increased progressively with increased maternal serum TG levels and decreased HDL-C levels. Compared with women with serum TG levels < 2.5 mmol/L, women with TG levels greater than 3.92 mmol/L had an approximately 2.8-fold increased risk of macrosomia. Compared with women with serum HDL-C levels above 2.23 mmol/L, women with HDL-C levels of less than 1.62 mmol/L had a 1.9-fold increased risk of giving birth to an infan with macrosomia. In addition, a higher risk of macrosomia was observed in women with simultaneous hypertriglyceridemia and low serum HDL-C levels (odds ratio [OR] 2.400, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.760–3.274) compared to those with hypertriglyceridemia or low serum HDL-C alone (OR 2.074, 95% CI: 1.609–2.673 and OR 1.363, 95% CI: 1.028–1.809, respectively).ConclusionsMaternal serum TG levels and HDL-C levels at late gestation are independent predictors of macrosomia in women without DM.

The effect of consumption of soy foods on metabolic syndrome in women: a case study from peri-urban Qwa-Qwa, South Africa

Objectives: The objective was to determine the long-term effect (18 months) of 40 g daily consumption of whole soy bean on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in apparently healthy women.Design: Single-system experimental design.Subjects and setting: Ninety women were randomly recruited from three communities in Qwa-Qwa, Free State province.Outcome measures: Dietary intake (24-h recall questionnaire), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, fasting venous blood samples for total serum cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TRGs) and glucose analyses.Results: The prevalence of MetS was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced from 53.3% to 34.4% after the intervention. The most prominent risk factors were low serum HDL-C and high serum TRG levels followed by obesity (WC). After the intervention, the MetS group had significantly improved mean serum glucose (p = 0.013), systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic (p < 0.001) blood pressure. No significant improvements were observed in the non-MetS group.Conclusions: The prevalence of MetS is high in black women residing in Qwa-Qwa. Despite the beneficial metabolic effects observed in this study, a relationship between soy protein consumption and MetS risk factors could not statistically be confirmed. However, soy is a source of good-quality protein and is often used in low-income households as a replacement for other more expensive protein sources and the use of soy should not be discontinued as it may have a beneficial effect on MetS and may play a role in preventing MetS. More research is needed in large-scale case-control studies to determine the effect of soy consumption on MetS risk factors.Social media message: Research has shown that soy may be beneficial for ameliorating some of the metabolic syndrome risk factors.

Low serum levels of High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) as an indicator for the development of severe postpartum depressive symptoms.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a psychiatric complication of childbirth affecting 10–20% of new mothers and has negative impact on both mother and infant. Serum lipid levels have been related to depressive disorders, but very limited literatures are available regarding the lipid levels in women with postpartum depression. The present study is aimed to examine the association of serum lipids with the development of postpartum depressive symptoms. This is a cross sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in South India. Women who came for postpartum check-up at 6th week post-delivery were screened for PPD (September 2014-October 2015). Women with depressive symptoms were assessed using EPDS (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale). The study involved 186 cases and 250 controls matched for age and BMI. Serum levels of lipid parameters were estimated through spectrophotometry and the atherogenic indices were calculated in all the subjects. Low serum levels of Total Cholesterol (TC) and High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were significantly low in PPD women with severe depressive symptoms. The study recorded a significant negative correlation between HDL-c and the EPDS score in PPD women (r = -0.140, p = 0.05). Interestingly, the study also observed a significant negative correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and EPDS scores in case group (r = -0.146, p = 0.047), whereas a positive correlation between the same in controls (r = 0.187, p = 0.004). Our study demonstrated that low levels of serum HDL-c is correlated with the development of severe depressive symptoms in postpartum women. Study highlights the role of lipids in the development of postpartum depressive symptoms.

ASSOCIATION OF THE SERUM IGG LEVEL AGAINST PERIODONTAL BACTERIA WITH PERIODONTAL STATUS AND SERUM LIPID LEVELS

Background and objective&#x0D; Several studies have reported that serum antibodies against periodontal pathogens are related not only to periodontal status but also to systemic conditions, such as glycemic control and serum lipids. Therefore, this study examined the associations of serum IgG antibodies against periodontal pathogens with periodontal status and serum lipid levels in community dwellers.&#x0D; Materials and methods&#x0D; A community-based cross-sectional study of 409 subjects (140 men, 269 women) aged ≥ 40 years who had at least 5 teeth was conducted in Goto, Japan in 2009 and 2010.&#x0D; Results&#x0D; The serum IgG levels against Porphyromonas gingivalis were significantly associated with periodontal parameters and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in men. According to a multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for covariates, the serum IgG levels against P. gingivalis were inversely related to serum HDL-C (B = –0.1; P = 0.004).&#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; This study suggests that an elevated immune response to the periodontal pathogen is independently correlated with lower serum HDL-C level in community-dwelling men.

METABOLIC SYNDROME OF FREE-LIVING ELDERLY FROM SHARPEVILLE, SOUTH AFRICA: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY WITH 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP

Objective: This study aimed to provide evidence on the prevalence of the metabolic factors contributing to Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) among elderly people in South Africa. Design: An ethically approved, cross-sectional survey study conducted in a cohort of an elderly population in 2004 with follow-up in 2014. Setting: An elderly day-care center. Participants: A total of 170 men and women were randomly selected for the baseline survey (2004). Only 105 of the subjects included in the baseline study were available for the follow-up study (2014). The sample consisted of 83.2% (n=89) women and 16.8% (n=16) men with a mean±SD age of 95.8±6.2 and 71.8±5.7 years in 2014 and 2004 respectively. Measurements: Dietary intakes (24-hour recall questionnaire) were completed for a period of three non-consecutive days, including one weekend day and two week days. Other measurements included waist circumference (WC), blood pressure and fasting (&gt;8 hours) venous blood samples that were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), tryglicerides (TGs) and glucose. The Friedewald formula was used to calculate LDL-C (16). Results: The prevalence of MetS was significantly (p=0.000) higher in 2014 (63.4%) compared to 2004 (48.8%). The most prominent risk factors were central obesity (85.9%), low serum HDL-C (71.0%) and high serum TG (68.1%) levels in 2004 compared to central obesity (82.5%), low serum HDL-C (94.3%) and hyperglycaemia (48.1%) in 2014. Conclusions: MetS is highly prevalent and rapidly increasing among these elderly people. A need for identifying preventative and treatment strategies to increase wellness and reduce morbidity has been highlighted by these results.

High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) Status in Patient's of Acute ST–Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)

Background : Decrease plasma High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) and increase triglyceride are major dyslipidemia in our country due to effects of carbohydrate rich diet. The relationship of low level of HDL –C in patient’s of AMI and its extents of severity in coronary artery disease will be very important for future management as well as prevention of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD).Objective : The aim of this study is to assess the level of serum HDL-C in AMI patient and to assess whether low serum HDL-C level is an independent risk factor for acute ST elevation MI.Methods : It is a hospital based cross sectional observational study. 280 patients of acute STEMI who are admitted in coronary care unit selected for study. After estimation of serum lipid profile of these patients their serum level of HDL-C were used to detect the relationship between serum HDL-C and acute ST elevation MI. Results : In our study, among the case group (280 patiens) lipid profile estimation showed that about 64% patients of acute STEMI have low level of serum HDL-C. The other lipid fractions like triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as total cholesterol were high in about 24%,39% &amp; 44% but normal in 76%, 61% &amp; 56% respectively.Conclusion : There is an independent inverse association of serum HDL-C in patients of acute STEMI and its an important indepedent risk factor.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.16 (1); Jan 2017; Page 11-14

Association between self-reported sleep duration and serum lipid profile in a middle-aged and elderly population in Taiwan: a community-based, cross-sectional study

ObjectivesThe association between sleep duration and serum lipid profile in the middle-aged and the elderly is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the relationships between...