Low Self-control Research Articles

The Effect of Social Appearance Anxiety on the Online Impulse Purchases of Fashionable Outfits Among Female College Students During Pandemic Periods: The Mediating Role of Self-Control and the Moderating Role of Subjective Socioeconomic Status.

With the rise of social media, an increasing number of young females have focused more attention on their body image, leading to social appearance anxiety. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate a moderated mediation model of social appearance anxiety and online impulse purchases of fashionable outfits through self-control moderated by subjective socioeconomic status during the pandemic. A total of 1651 female college students (Age = 17-24, Mage = 19.30, SD = 1.14) with more than one month of closed-off management experience completed self-report questionnaires concerning social appearance anxiety, self-control, online impulse purchases of fashionable outfits, and subjective socioeconomic status. After controlling for the potential influence of coronavirus stress, the results indicated that social appearance anxiety was positively related to online impulse purchases of fashionable outfits among female college students during the pandemic, mediated by self-control. Furthermore, subjective socioeconomic status moderated the indirect link between social appearance anxiety and the online impulse purchase of fashionable outfits. Specifically, subjective socioeconomic status buffers the negative effect of social appearance anxiety on self-control and the risk effect of low self-control on the online impulse purchases of fashionable outfits. The current study deepens the research on the relationship between social appearance anxiety and online impulse purchases during pandemic periods; meanwhile, it provides evidence for preventing excessive online impulse purchases of fashionable outfits among young females.

The role of self-regulatory control processes in understanding aggressive ideations and behaviors: An experience sampling method study.

In this study, we aimed to examine the association between aggressive ideations and aggressive behaviors in everyday life, as well as the role of processes related to self-regulatory control (i.e., self-control, ego depletion, and emotional states), using experience sampling methods (ESM). A total of 62 male adolescents performed a baseline measure of aggression, violent ideations (trait level), and ESM assessments, including four measures per day during nine consecutive days. At a state level, aggressive ideations were associated with higher negative emotions during the previous day as well as with lower self-control and stronger anger rumination at the moment. Aggressive behaviors were related to higher anger rumination at the moment and to the manifestation of higher intensity of aggressive ideations derived in the previous measure. Higher self-control was related to a lower probability of aggressive behavior. This study highlights the temporal link between aggressive ideations and behaviors in everyday life as well as the role of self-control in understanding aggressivity in the lap of time. Furthermore, we observed that expressions of anger (i.e., reactivity, as well as rumination) were central in the understanding of aggressive ideations and behaviors in the everyday life (i.e., at within-person variability at the state level).

KONTROL DIRI TERHADAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN KARIER SISWA

This study aims to determine the level of self-control that influences students' career decision-making. Adolescents who have low self-control tendencies will make career decisions without considering the consequences and responsibilities they have to endure. The subjects of this study were seven junior high school students with an age range of 14–15 years. Data collection techniques in this study used direct observation and interview techniques. The results of this study showed that the students who were interviewed said they made career decisions of their own free will, but some of them were due to their parents, and some made decisions after considering their family circumstances. Based on the results of research on self-control in students' career decision-making, it was found that the contribution of self-control to decision-making abilities was still quite low but had a positive direction. so that the higher the student's self-control, the more influential he is in his decision-making.
 Keywords: self-control, adolescents, and adolescent behavior.

The Associations Between Loneliness, Hopelessness, and Self-control and Internet Gaming Disorder Among University Students Who Were Men Who Have Sex With Men: Cross-sectional Mediation Study

The minority stress model postulates that men who have sex with men (MSM) often encounter multiple stressors because of their sexual minority status, which may lead to psychological problems and maladaptive coping such as addictive behaviors (eg, internet gaming disorder [IGD]). It was hypothesized that hopelessness and loneliness would be associated with IGD via self-control among MSM. This study investigated the prevalence of IGD and its associations with variables related to minority stress (loneliness and hopelessness) among MSM who were university students. Mediation involving such associations via self-control was also explored. With informed consent, 305 MSM attending universities in Sichuan, China participated in the study. The validated Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) checklist was used to assess IGD. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for background factors and structural equation modeling were conducted. The prevalence of IGD was 12.8% (n=39). Logistic regression found that IGD was positively associated with hopelessness and loneliness, and negatively associated with self-control. The structural equation modeling identified three significant paths between hopelessness/loneliness and IGD: (1) hopelessness → lower self-control → higher IGD (full mediation), (2) loneliness → lower self-control → higher IGD (partial mediation: effect size of 28%), and (3) a direct effect from loneliness to IGD. IGD was prevalent among young MSM and warrants interventions that may try to reduce the level of psychosocial problems such as loneliness and hopelessness and improve self-control. According to the socioecological model, the promotion of social acceptance and reduction in stigma toward MSM are important in reducing loneliness and hopefulness among MSM. Self-control links up the relationships between psychosocial problems and IGD and should be given special attention. Longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm the findings and test new mediations between loneliness/hopelessness and MSM with IGD.

Telecommunication and cyber fraud victimization among Chinese college students: An application of routine activity theory

Analyzing survey data from 1037 college students in China, a country with the world’s largest number of Internet users and the world’s largest e-commerce market, the current study demonstrates that consistent with previous research, some routine telecom/cyber activities of Chinese college students predict higher odds of being targeted for telecom/cyber fraud, but online routines do not seem to predict the odds of completed victimization resulting in a financial loss. In contrast, the perceived presence of effective formal guardianship and target suitability exert a greater influence. These findings suggest that those previously and commonly used measures of routine activity theory are better suited for explaining attempted telecom/cyber fraud victimization, whereas completed victimization is chiefly predicted by target suitability such as risky/deviant online behaviors and low self-control.

Parents, peers, and low self-control: Exploring the impact of time varying factors associated with deviance in early- and middle-adolescence

Prior research finds an association between parental attachment, peer delinquency, low self-control, and deviant behavior among adolescents. However, longitudinal research related to these associations typically examines only one specific developmental period or explores multiple waves without considering changes across developmental periods. The failure to account for shifting periods in development can lead to conclusions regarding the correlates of deviance that ignore their age-graded impact. This study demonstrates how exploring all six-waves of data from a longitudinal study of Korean adolescents leads to conclusions regarding parents, peers, and low self-control that may misrepresent their influence. Alternatively, when the data is examined based on stages of adolescence—divided into early and middle adolescence—a clearer picture of the age-graded influence of parents, peers, and low self-control emerges. Specifically, when analyzed as a whole, parental attachment appears to have an enduring significant association with deviance. When analyzed by stage of adolescence, it becomes clear that parental attachment is significantly associated with deviance only in early-adolescence, and in middle-adolescence, peer delinquency emerges as most relevant. Importantly, low self-control is consistently associated with delinquency across all stages.

Exploring Cybercrime Victimization of Social Media Users: A Comparative Review of Routine Activities Theory and Low Self-Control

Exploring Cybercrime Victimization of Social Media Users: A Comparative Review of Routine Activities Theory and Low Self-Control

“I am fatigued of being stigmatized”: On the need to investigate stigma-related barriers to physical activity

Understanding what predicts behavior change is a hot topic in health psychology, especially with regard to physical activity. While existing research has revealed key factors of physical activity (e.g., reasoned cognitions, automatic processes), it fails to accurately identify those that are specific to the most inactive populations (e.g., older adults, obese individuals, women, people living with chronic disease). In this commentary, we propose to articulate current approaches of health behavior change with the social psychology of stereotypes, based on the observation that inactive groups are often targeted by negative stereotypes. This articulation may allow to better identify the barriers to physical activity that are specific to individuals from the most inactive groups. More particularly, we propose that low self-control resources, indexed by perceived fatigue, and negative self-perceptions may be key factors of physical inactivity in these individuals. This proposition could in turn help to explain why some behavioral change techniques that are efficient in healthy or young adults are inefficient in other individuals.

Low Self-control and Moderated Mediated Effects of Child Maltreatment on Delinquency

Low self-control theory, one of the most prominent and influential criminological theories, posits that monitoring of child behaviors and discipline of child misbehaviors by parents are the key drivers of instilling self-control in children. The developmental neuroscience literature, however, demonstrates that parental attachment behaviors, or lack thereof (child maltreatment), are causally associated with the development of self-control. In the present study, drawing on the developmental neuroscience literature, we introduce the role that the orienting network in an infant's brain plays in the development of self-control. And then, in order to examine the complex pathways child maltreatment is linked to the two key correlates of delinquency, namely, low self-control and peer delinquency, we examined a mediated moderation as well as a moderated mediation using a South Korean adolescents sample. Results indicate that the indirect association between child maltreatment and delinquency via low self-control is conditioned by the level of peer delinquency.

A systematic literature review of the longitudinal risk factors associated with juvenile cyber-deviance

Cyber-deviance has been studied extensively over the past two decades, though owing to the elusive nature of cyberspace and the anonymity it affords its users, research has yet to paint a clear picture of the risk factors that predict online deviance. Early identification of these factors is critical to the development of effective crime prevention strategies. To date, a comprehensive review of the longitudinal risk factors associated with juvenile cyber-deviance, in all its forms, has yet to be examined. This study aims to address this research gap by conducting an exploratory systematic literature review appraising current knowledge on the risk factors associated with juvenile cyber-deviance. Various databases were systematically searched for relevant English-language journal articles comprising longitudinal studies on young people aged 12–17 years. Eligible studies included an outcome measure of any distinct form of deviance perpetrated using digital devices and/or the Internet, potential risk and/or protective factors, and quantitative analyses. This search yielded 26,926 studies, of which 38 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies found examined the longitudinal risk factors associated with cyberbullying, followed by studies on sexting, cyber dating abuse, and general cyber-delinquency. Results indicated several longitudinal factors were consistently associated with cyber-deviance (e.g., gender, physical bullying, low self-control, child-rearing, parental attachment, and deviant peers). Physical bullying had the most consistent and pronounced association with cyber-deviance. Most studies had a relatively sound methodological quality; however, the small number of studies and their concentration on cyberbullying requires that the findings be interpreted with caution. Additional high-quality research is needed examining the longitudinal risk factors associated with all types of cyber-deviance to identify vulnerable young people and prioritise them for intervention prospectively.

Examining the Role of Low Self-Control and Psychopathy in Explaining Poly-Victimization

ABSTRACT Although there has been research on the correlates of poly-victimization, studies have not fully considered the role of personality as a potential risk factor. The current study sought to address this gap by examining the personality characteristics of low self-control and psychopathy to assess how individuals who experience poly-victimization, defined as two or more different types of victimization, differ from non-victims and victims of only a single crime type. The sample was comprised of 872 undergraduate students at a southern university in the United States. Notably, 31.1% of victims experienced poly-victimization, including property, physical, or sexual harms. Consistent with prior work, lifestyle risk in the form of criminal behavior and adverse childhood experiences were associated with greater odds of poly-victimization. In addition, self-control proved to be a relatively robust correlate of poly-victimization. Psychopathy – measured as an aggregate measure and by separate subscale factors – was not associated with risk for poly-victimization. In this way, some subscales of personality traits such as low self-control seem to be important for explaining why some individuals experience poly-victimization. The findings provide preliminary evidence for personality traits as an important consideration in distinguishing poly-victimization from single- and non-victimization experiences in addition to other theoretically relevant factors.

대학생의 게임중독과 게임몰입 군집에 따른 자기통제, 자아존중감, 스트레스 대처전략의 차이

Objectives The purpose of this study was to confirm a relationship among game addiction, game flow, self-control, self-esteem, and a stress coping strategy targeting university students and to examine whether the group classification is possible depending on the combination of high and low scores in game addiction and game flow.
 Methods The study period was from July 1 to September 1, 2021, and 342 university students enrolled in universities the country were sampled. The use of SPSS WIN 21.0v led to implementing frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, clustering, One-Way-ANOVA, and Scheffé’s Post-Hoc test.
 Results The game addiction indicated a positive correlation with the game flow, the low self-control and the avoidance coping strategy. A negative correlation was expressed with the self-esteem and the problem-solving-oriented coping strategy. Game flow presented a positive correlation with the self-esteem and the problem-solving-oriented coping strategy and expressed a negative correlation with the avoidance coping strategy. Through the cluster analysis, totally 4 clusters were divided. A significant difference was seen in self-control, self-esteem, and a stress coping strategy between each clusters. Also, compared to other groups the group with high game addiction was shown a negative aspect in self-control, self-esteem, and a stress coping strategy. The group with high game flow was verified to be indicated a positive aspect in self-control, self-esteem, and a stress coping strategy.
 Conclusions The concept of game addiction and game immersion was confirmed for the college student group, and it is meaningful to lay the foundation for a counseling intervention considering the level of game addiction and game immersion in the game addiction counseling of college students.

Solution-focused brief counseling in reducing the negative impact of problematic online game use

The study purposed to examine the effectiveness of the solution-focused brief counseling (SFBC) intervention to reduce the negative impacts of problematic online games use (POGU) in college students. The research subjects were chosen by purposive sampling method of students who have problems with online games at the Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES). The study was conducted with an embedded experimental research design in which the data was obtained using a quantitative approach. POGU and online addiction games were included in the characteristics of people with internet addiction (IA) based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) criteria that have a negative impact. Based on the study, negative effects of playing online games included low self-control, not being able to reduce the length of time playing online games and having thoughts (preoccupation cognitive) that could not be controlled and weakening the brain work systems causing the online game addicts. The form of intervention used in the study was SFBC. The SFBC stages carried out included building relationships, identifying complaints that could be resolved, setting goals, designing, and implementing interventions, termination, evaluation, and follow-up.

Self-control, peers, and adolescent substance use: an international analysis

Background Adolescent substance use continues to be a global concern. Research has shown that two consistent predictors of this behavior are self-control and peer substance use. The objective of this study was to determine if these two variables interact to affect the frequency of substance use among young people. Methods The analysis utilized three years of data from the Second International Self-Report Delinquency study (2005-2007) (ISRD-2), which gathered information from youth, ages 12-17, residing in 30 nations (n = 72,206). Illicit substance use included cannabis, ecstasy, stimulants, and other substances. A zero-inflated negative binomial model that adjusts for selection effects was estimated to predict the frequency of substance use. Results The results showed that adolescents with low self-control who associated with substance using peers tended to be the most frequent substance users. Yet, youth with higher levels of selfcontrol were likely to report no or low frequency use regardless of the number of their friends who used illicit substances. Conclusions Self-control affects substance use among adolescents and can attenuate the influence of peer substance use. Research using longitudinal data is needed to disentangle changes in self-control, peer substance use, and one’s own substance use.

Perceived stress and mobile phone addiction among college students: The roles of self-control and security.

According to the General Strain Theory, stress can lead to a range of problem behaviors. In the current study, we focused on the association between perceived stress and mobile phone addiction. We hypothesized that this association is mediated by low self-control and that the first path of the mediation is moderated by security. College students (N = 397; ages 16-21; 51.89% females) from a university in Hunan Province, China, were surveyed by cluster sampling method. The students completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Self-Control Scale (SCS), and the Security Questionnaire (SQ) during regular class time. SPSS26.0 statistical software was used for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analyses, the SPSS macro PROCESS was used to test the mediating effects of self-control and the moderating role of security. Mediation analysis showed that as expected, perceived stress was associated with lower self-control, which in turn was associated with a higher risk for mobile phone addiction. Also as expected, moderated mediation analysis indicated that the association between perceived stress and self-control was moderated by security. Specifically, the relationship between perceived stress and self-control was stronger for low security. This study provides useful insight into the understanding of how perceived stress increases the risk of mobile phone addiction. The results are consistent with the General Strain Theory and further indicate that concrete approaches are required for the prevention and intervention to reduce mobile phone addiction among college students.

Efektivitas Pendekatan Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Setting Kelompok untuk Meningkatkan Kontrol Diri Siswa dalam Pencegahan Penyalahgunaan Narkoba

Drug abuse is a negative/irrational behavior that can harm oneself and others. One of the causes of drug abuse is the low self-control of students. Clients who have problems with low self-control in drug abuse need to be counseled through rational emotive behavior therapy in group settings. The aims of this study were: (1) to test the significant difference in the level of self-control of the experimental group students before and after being given the rational emotive behavior therapy setting technique, (2) to test the significant difference in the level of self-control of the control group students before and after being given services without treatment specifically, (3) examine the effectiveness of the rational approach to emotive behavior therapy setting in groups in increasing self-control in preventing drug abuse. This study used a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design with pretest and posttest. The research subjects were students of class VIII-3 and VIII-4 at SMP Negeri 4 Padang Pariaman with a sample of 20 people who were divided into 2 groups consisting of 10 people as the experimental group and 10 people as the control group. The sampling technique was purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed Rank Test and Kolmogorov Smirnov 2 Independent Samples with the help of SPSS version 20. The results showed that the rational emotive behavior threapy approach was effective in increasing students' self-control in preventing drug abuse. This can be seen from: (1) there is a significant difference in the level of self-control of the experimental group students before and after being given the rational emotive behavior therapy setting technique, (2) there is a significant difference in the level of self-control of the control group students before and after being given services without treatment specifically, (3) there is the effectiveness of the rational approach to emotive behavior therapy setting in groups in increasing self-control in preventing drug abuse. The implementation of the rational emotive behavior therapy setting approach in groups should be intensified in the form of Guidance Counseling programs and designed as well as possible by counsellors or Guidance Counseling teachers.

Gender Differences in Adverse Childhood Experiences, Self-Control, and Delinquency

Considerable research has shown that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with the development of self-control and delinquent behaviors. Still, no studies have explicitly examined ACEs, low self-control, and delinquency to determine if they are jointly associated, including whether this relationship varies by gender. The current study examines this important gap in existing literature. Using data from the Fragile Families and Childhood Wellbeing Study (FFCW; n = 3,232), we uncover that low self-control mediates the relationship between early ACEs and delinquency and that this relationship exists for both girls and boys.

Effect of Surya Namaskara (Sun Salutation) on mental health, self-control and mindfulness of adolescent school children

BackgroundA considerable portion of adolescent school children suffer from mental health problems. Low self-control and mindfulness are positively associated with poor mental health. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the effect of Surya Namaskara (SN) on mental health, self-control, and mindfulness among adolescent school children. MethodsSixty-three (39 females) students (mean age = 14.24 years and SD = 0.42 years) in grade nine from a private school in India were recruited as study participants. The design of the present study was a non-randomized two arms design. Section A (N = 33) was selected as the intervention group, whereas section B (N = 30) was considered a control group. Students in the intervention group were given SN for two weeks. The participants were administered the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), Brief Self-control Scale (BSCS), and Mindfulness, Attention and Awareness Scale for Adolescents (MAAS-A) questionnaires at the baseline and after two weeks of intervention. ResultsThe within-group comparison showed a significant main effect of time in MAAS-A scores. There was also a significant group by time interaction effect for BSCS and MAAS-A scores. Post-hoc analysis showed that the SN group has significantly higher post-BSCS and MAAS-A scores than the control group. Similarly, there was a significantly high BSCS score and MAAS-A score after SN intervention compared to their respective pre-scores. There was no significant change in the GHQ-12 scores in both groups in the pre-post comparison. ConclusionThe present study showed that SN improves self-control and mindfulness in adolescent school children.

Why do people with similar levels of internal control differ in their likelihood to commit fraud? Analysis of the moderating effect of perceived opportunity to commit fraud.

This research focuses on one of the three components of the fraud triangle, namely opportunity, and empirically tests the tendency to commit fraud. The perceived opportunity to commit fraud can be considered in terms of temptation and obstacles. This research employs concepts from cognitive psychology, i.e., desire and motivation for action, which affect people's decision-making processes when presented with an opportunity to commit fraud. Questionnaires were used to analyze the tendency to commit fraud. First, dispositional differences among people differing in self-control were observed, which may influence the likelihood of fraudulent behavior. That is, low self-control mediates the relationship between self-regard and fraud tendency. Second, strong relationships of both personal disposition and self-efficacy with the tendency to commit fraud were revealed; high self-efficacy enhances the tendency to commit fraud. This research offers a new psychological perspective on fraud opportunity, and showing for the first time that fraud can be reduced not only by improved internal control and external supervision, as suggested in previous studies, but also by changing people's perceptions of fraud opportunity, given the fallibility of both internal control and external supervision.

Marketized mentality and instrumental offending: the overlooked roles of noneconomic institutions and relative deprivation in individual level institutional anomie theory

ABSTRACT This research examines the individual level extension to institutional anomie theory and explores the link between a marketized mentality and instrumental offending. Further, it investigates the direct roles that family, school and relative deprivation play in offending and probes their possible moderating impact on the relationship between a marketized mentality and illegal activities. Utilizing a street youth sample, the findings reveal that a marketized mentality in and of itself does not have a direct link to instrumental offending. Instead, the association between marketized mentality and offending emerges under conditions where individuals experience low family social control and high levels of relative deprivation. Relative deprivation, criminal peers, moral filters, prior offending, and low self-control also contribute directly to an increased probability of instrumental offending, while under certain conditions school social control decreases these probabilities. Findings are discussed, theoretical implications are outlined, and avenues for future research offered.