Low Selectivity Research Articles

Sn-modified Cu nanosheets catalyze CO2 reduction to C2H4 efficiently by stabilizing CO intermediates and promoting C[sbnd]C coupling

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a process in which CO2 is reduced to high-value-added C1 and C2 energy sources, particularly ethylene (C2H4), thereby supporting carbon–neutral recycling with minimal consumption. This makes it a promising technology with significant potential. Nevertheless, the low selectivity for C2H4 remains a significant challenge in practical applications. In this paper, a strategy based on Cu–Sn bimetallic catalysts is proposed to improve the selectivity of electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to C2H4 over Cu-based catalysts. The experimental results show that the Faradaic efficiency (FE) of C2H4 can reach up to 48.74 %, and the FE of C2 product reaches 60 %, at which time the local current density is 11.99 mA/cm2. Compared with pure Cu catalyst, the FE and local current density of C2H4 increased by 55.27 % and 35.33 %, respectively. Moreover, the FE of C2H4 remained above 40 % after 8 h over Cu10-Sn catalyst. The addition of Sn facilitates the transfer of local electrons from Cu to Sn, stabilizes the *CO intermediate, promotes CC coupling, significantly lowers the reaction energy barrier, and enables highly efficient CO2RR catalysis for C2H4 production.

Ordered 2D/3D CoNi-LDH/FeSe electrode for efficient and durable seawater oxidation

The superior electrocatalysts for seawater oxygen evolution reaction (OER) require fast kinetic to promote reactant (OH−) transport and adsorption, and to optimize oxygenated intermediates (O* and OOH*) adsorption, but also high corrosion resistance by impeding Cl− adsorption under harsh seawater conditions, while the incomprehensive design greatly hinder the system advancement at high current densities. Herein, we propose orderly incorporating amorphous FeSe nanosheets as the dynamic anti-corrosion layer to reinforce charge redistribution of CoNi layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets array and create favorable microenvironments. The ordered two-dimensional/three-dimensional structure prepared by novel non-equilibrium electrodeposition strategy allows amorphous FeSe component not only to activate CoNi-LDH for promoting OH− adsorption, optimizing oxygenated intermediates adsorption and increasing Cl− adsorption energy, but also repel Cl− by dynamic polyanion layer without blocking active sites, thus affording effective seawater OER with low overpotential, excellent stability and high selectivity at high current densities. The integrated CoNi-LDH/FeSe electrode delivers a small overpotential (338 mV at 500 mA cm−2) and possesses outstanding stability and selectivity during a 500-hour durability test at 500 mA cm−2 in alkaline seawater.

Rapid and Highly Selective Fe(IV) Generation by Fe(II)-Peroxyacid Advanced Oxidation Processes: Mechanistic Investigation via Kinetics and Density Functional Theory.

High-valent iron (Fe(IV/V/VI)) has been widely applied in water decontamination. However, common Fe(II)-activating oxidants including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and persulfate react slowly with Fe(II) and exhibit low selectivity for Fe(IV) production due to the cogeneration of radicals. Herein, we report peroxyacids (POAs; R-C(O)OOH) that can react with Fe(II) more than 3 orders of magnitude faster than H2O2, with high selectivity for Fe(IV) generation. Rapid degradation of bisphenol A (BPA, an endocrine disruptor) was achieved by the combination of Fe(II) with performic acid (PFA), peracetic acid (PAA), or perpropionic acid (PPA) within one second. Experiments with phenyl methyl sulfoxide (PMSO) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) revealed Fe(IV) as the major reactive species in all three Fe(II)-POA systems, with a minor contribution of radicals (i.e., •OH and R-C(O)O•). To understand the exceptionally high reactivity of POAs, a detailed computational comparison among the Fenton-like reactions with step-by-step thermodynamic evaluation was conducted. The high reactivity is attributed to the lower energy barriers for O-O bond cleavage, which is determined as the rate-limiting step for the Fenton-like reactions, and the thermodynamically favorable bidentate binding pathway of POA with iron. Overall, this study advances knowledge on POAs as novel Fenton-like reagents and sheds light on computational chemistry for these systems.

Ir doping improved oxygen activation of WO3 for boosting acetone sensing performance at low working temperature

Thermally excited oxygen activation is the key to realize gas sensing by semiconductor. However, the relevant strategies and mechanisms are rarely studied. Herewith, the model material of highly oxygen catalytic active Ir doped WO3 (Ir-WO3) is prepared to elucidate the impact of enhanced oxygen activation on sensing performance. Interestingly, the 0.5 wt% Ir doped WO3 successfully reduced the working temperature of WO3 from 370 to 260 ℃ and significantly enhanced the response from 25.1 to 127.9 (at 50 ppm) for acetone. Meanwhile, the sensor also has fast response/recovery times (∼8.3/3.8 s), long-term stability, low detection limit (19 ppb) and high selectivity. Gas sensitive performance tests, in situ-DRIFTS and DFT calculations reveal that the Ir doping facilitates the oxygen adsorption and activation, which can significantly weaken the activation energy of acetone at low temperatures and contribute to enhance sensing performance. Our work paves a new pathway to improving metal oxide-based gas sensors at lower operating temperatures.

Study on N2 selectivity of iron-manganese ore catalysts in NH3-SCR process

Natural iron-manganese ores exhibit a good deNOx activity at low temperatures after a simple treatment, but the reason for its low N2 selectivity requires further in-depth study. This work conducted deNOx performance and characterization tests on iron-manganese ore catalysts. Based on the experimental results, a simplified computational model of the iron-manganese ore catalyst (Fe2O3/MnO2 (110) surface) was constructed, and the density functional theory (DFT) method was used to investigate the mechanism of N2 formation in the NH3-SCR process. Fe and Mn in the iron-manganese ore play an important role in the deNOx activity, and NH3 forms the stable chemical adsorption on its surface, especially on the Fe site, where the adsorption capacity of NH3 is stronger than that of Mn site. The Fe site exhibits better ability than the Mn site in the dehydrogenation reaction of NH3. However, in a comprehensive comparison, the capability of iron-manganese ore catalyst to promote NH3 dehydrogenation is not high. In addition, the key NH2NO intermediate prefers to form on the Mn site over the Fe2O3/MnO2 (110) surface. Among them, the Mn site is better than the Fe site in promoting the decomposition of NH2NO intermediate to form N2. The study can further understand the microscopic mechanism of iron-manganese ore catalysts in N2 formation, which lays a foundation for improving the N2 selectivity of iron-manganese ore deNOx catalysts.

Regulating N-Cu/MoxC interfacial effect coupling β-Mo2C/γ-MoC phase engineering to achieve efficient hydrolysis dissociation and methanol dehydrogenation for hydrogen production

Methanol steam reforming (MSR) is a promising solution for achieving the integration of hydrogen storage, transportation, and in-situ supply. However, it is limited by the slow rate of hydrogen generation and low selectivity. This study constructed a highly active N-Cu/MoxC catalyst with strong interaction between Cu and MoxC, effectively enhancing methanol activation, hydrolysis, and hydrogen production efficiency. Under optimized condition, the 2.8 N-Cu/MoxC catalyst achieved a remarkable H2 productivity of 147.9 mmol gcat−1 h−1 and H2 selectivity of 65.7 %. N induced a partial transition from β-Mo2C phase to γ-MoC phase, resulting in a doubling of H2 production rate. The interfacial N-Cu-MoxC sites facilitated highly reactive efficient CH bond dissociation to convert CO+4H and OH activation, as well as the highly efficient CO reforming. Additionally, temperature programmed surface reaction and isotope testing futher coroborated its superiority in methanol dehydrogenation and hydrolysis dissociation. These discoveries can provide guidance for the design of advanced MSR catalysts.

Plasmon‐Driven Highly Selective CO2 Photoreduction to C2H4 on Ionic Liquid‐Mediated Copper Nanowires

AbstractSelective CO2 photoreduction to value‐added multi‐carbon (C2+) feedstocks, such as C2H4, holds great promise in direct solar‐to‐chemical conversion for a carbon‐neutral future. Nevertheless, the performance is largely inhibited by the high energy barrier of C−C coupling process, thereby leading to C2+ products with low selectivity. Here we report that through facile surface immobilization of a 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM‐BF4) ionic liquid, plasmonic Cu nanowires could enable highly selective CO2 photoreduction to C2H4 product. At an optimal condition, the resultant plasmonic photocatalyst exhibits C2H4 production with selectivity up to 96.7 % under 450 nm monochromatic light irradiation, greatly surpassing its pristine Cu counterpart. Combined in situ spectroscopies and computational calculations unravel that the addition of EMIM‐BF4 ionic liquid modulates the local electronic structure of Cu, resulting in its enhanced adsorption strength of *CO intermediate and significantly reduced energy barrier of C−C coupling process. This work paves new path for Cu surface plasmons in selective artificial photosynthesis to targeted products.

Alkaline-resistant covalent organic framework membranes for selective hydroxide ion separation

Alkali holds a pivotal role in the chemical industry, however, the substantial discharge of alkaline wastewater causes a severe waste of resources and environmental pollution. Conventional polymer membranes have ether bonded backbones and form randomly assembled nanochannels, suffering from a weak alkali resistance and a low hydroxide ion selectivity. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), known for their robust framework structure, highly ordered channels, and tunable channel chemistry, have been considered as the competent candidate for alkaline-resistant membranes for selective hydroxide ion separation. Herein, we fabricate a β-ketoenamine COF (TpTAPB) membrane with a high alkaline resistance via the interfacial growth strategy. After post-sulfonation, the negatively charged channels of sulfonated TpTAPB membrane allows OH- with smaller size and lower charges to pass through while repulsing WO42- ions, achieving a selectivity of OH-/WO42- up to ∼ 60 and surpassing commercial and most reported polymeric membranes. This work expands the application scope of COF membranes in selective alkali separation.

Synergistic Coordination in Cu Single-Atom Catalysts Enhances High-Valent Copper-Oxo Species for Efficient PMS Activation.

In the domain of heterogeneous catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), high-valent metal-oxo (HVMO) species are widely recognized as potent oxidants for the abatement of organic pollutants. However, the generation selectivity and efficiency of HVMO are often constrained by stringent requirements for catalyst adsorption sites and electron transfer efficiency. In this study, a single-atom catalyst, CuSA/CNP&S, is synthesized featuring multiple types (planar/axial) of heteroatom coordination via an H-bond-assisted self-assembly strategy. It isconfirmed that CuN3 active centers with axial S coordination are uniformly distributed in a carbon matrix modified by planar P atoms. CuSA/CNP&S activated PMS to selectively generate Cu(III)═OH species as the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS). The pseudo-first-order kinetic rate for bisphenol A degradation reached 1.51min-1, a 17.57-fold increase compared to the unmodified CuSA/CN catalyst. Additionally, the CuSA/CNP&S catalyst demonstrates high efficiency and durability in removing contaminants from various aqueous matrices. Theoretical calculations and experimental results indicate that the intrinsic electric field generated by distal planar P atoms enhances electron transfer efficiency within the carbon matrix. Meanwhile, axial S coordination elevates the d-band center and tunes the eg * band broadening of Cu, thereby enhancing the adsorption selectivity for the terminal oxygen of PMS. This multitype coordination synergistically mitigates the issues of low selectivity and yield of HVMO species.

Mesostructure-Specific Configuration of *CO Adsorption for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products.

The multi-carbon (C2+) alcohols produced by electrochemical CO2 reduction, such as ethanol and n-propanol, are considered as indispensable liquid energy carriers. In most C-C coupling cases, however, the concomitant gaseous C2H4 product results in the low selectivity of C2+ alcohols. Here, we report rational construction of mesostructured CuO electrocatalysts, specifically mesoporous CuO (m-CuO) and cylindrical CuO (c-CuO), enables selective distribution of C2+ products. The m-CuO and c-CuO showed similar selectivity towards total C2+ products (≥76%), but the corresponding predominant products were C2+ alcohols (55%) and C2H4 (52%), respectively. The ordered mesostructure not only induced the surface hydrophobicity, but selectively tailored the adsorption configuration of *CO intermediate: m-CuO preferred bridged adsorption, whereas c-CuO favored top adsorption as revealed by in situ spectroscopies. Computational calculations unraveled that bridged *CO adsorbate is prone to deep protonation into *OCH3 intermediate, thus accelerating the coupling of *CO and *OCH3 intermediates to generate C2+ alcohols; by contrast, top *CO adsorbate is apt to undergo the favorable conventional C-C coupling process to produce C2H4. This work illustrates selective C2+ products distribution via mesostructure manipulation, and paves new path into the design of efficient electrocatalysts with tunable adsorption configuration of key intermediates for targeted products.

Facile Synthesis of Porous Zinc Nanosheets for Highly Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to CO

AbstractWith the increasing levels of CO2 emissions and the decreasing availability of energy resources, the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a promising method for utilizing CO2 as a valuable resource using sustainable electrical energy. However, developing cost‐effective and highly efficient catalysts remains a significant challenge. Although zinc, an abundant element on Earth, has shown potential for converting CO2 into CO, its effectiveness as a catalyst for CO2 reduction is hindered by its low selectivity and stability. This study introduces a fast, efficient, and simple electrochemical deposition method for preparing porous zinc nanosheets (NS) using the hydrogen bubble template approach. The as‐prepared zinc NS catalyst demonstrates exceptional catalytic activity due to its highly porous structure and high specific surface area. At a voltage of −1 V versus RHE, it achieves a maximum CO Faradaic efficiency of 89.5 %. The performance of this system is characterized by a partial current density of around −6.17 mA cm−2 in an H‐cell configuration. Additionally, our catalyst exhibits remarkable durability over 10 h, highlighting its significant potential for real‐world utilization in CO2RR.

The Many Faces of Cyclodextrins within Self-Assembling Polymer Nanovehicles: From Inclusion Complexes to Valuable Structural and Functional Elements.

Most chemotherapeutic agents are poorly soluble in water, have low selectivity, and cannot reach the tumor in the desired therapeutic concentration. On the other hand, sensitive hydrophilic therapeutics like nucleic acids and proteins suffer from poor bioavailability and cell internalization. To solve this problem, new types of controlled release systems based on nano-sized self-assemblies of cyclodextrins able to control the speed, timing, and location of therapeutic release are being developed. Cyclodextrins are macrocyclic oligosaccharides characterized by a high synthetic plasticity and potential for derivatization. Introduction of new hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic domains and/or formation of nano-assemblies with therapeutic load extends the use of CDs beyond the tried-and-tested CD-drug host-guest inclusion complexes. The recent advances in nano drug delivery have indicated the benefits of the hybrid amphiphilic CD nanosystems over individual CD and polymer components. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent advances in the design of CDs self-assemblies and their use for delivery of a wide range of therapeutic molecules. It aims to offer a valuable insight into the many roles of CDs within this class of drug nanocarriers as well as current challenges and future perspectives.

Hydrogen production via alkaline seawater electrolysis using iron-doped nickel diselenide as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst

Green hydrogen production via seawater electrolysis is a promising pathway towards sustainable energy future. However, seawater splitting is hindered by the low stability and selectivity of electrocatalysts towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and faces severe electrode corrosion. Herein, we report the synthesis of highly active and durable Fe-doped nickel diselenide (Fe–NiSe2) nanoparticles supported on nickel foam as bifunctional electrocatalysts for efficient alkaline seawater electrolysis via an electrodeposition method followed by low-temperature annealing. The electrocatalytic properties of as-prepared Fe–NiSe2 toward HER and OER are investigated in different electrolytes. The optimized electrocatalyst (20-Fe-NiSe2) shows very low overpotential of 92 and 96 mV in alkaline (1.0 M KOH) and simulated seawater (1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M NaCl) electrolytes, respectively, to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2 for HER. For the OER, 20-Fe-NiSe2 exhibits an overpotential of 333 and 311 mV in alkaline and simulated seawater electrolytes, respectively, to attain a current density of 100 mA cm−2. Further, full-cell studies are carried out with 20-Fe-NiSe2 as bifunctional electrocatalysts, which requires cell potential of 1.83 V and 1.81 V to deliver a current density of 100 mA cm−2 in alkaline and simulated seawater electrolytes, respectively. Additionally, the electrode shows tremendous potential for use in alkaline seawater electrolysis with stability over 100 h, at a current density of 100 mA cm−2, which is achieved at a low cell voltage of 1.87 V. The present work offers a simple, efficient, and cost-effective method for the development of heterogeneous Fe-doped nickel diselenide electrocatalysts for seawater electrocatalysis.

Hydrophobic TaOx Species Overlayer Tuning Light-Driven Methane Chlorination with Inorganic Chlorine.

Halogenated methane serves as a universal platform molecule for building high-value chemicals. Utilizing sodium chloride solution for photocatalytic methane chlorination presents an environmentally friendly method for methane conversion. However, competing reactions in gas-solid-liquid systems leads to low efficiency and selectivity in photocatalytic methane chlorination. Here, an in situ method is employed to fabricate a hydrophobic layer of TaOx species on the surface of NaTaO3. Through in-situ XPS and XANES spectra analysis, it is determined that TaOx is a coordination unsaturated species. The TaOx species transforms the surface properties from the inherent hydrophilicity of NaTaO3 to the hydrophobicity of TaOx/NaTaO3, which enhances the accessibility of CH4 for adsorption and activation, and thus promotes the methane chlorination reaction within the gas-liquid-solid three-phase system. The optimized TaOx/NaTaO3 photocatalyst has a good durability for multiple cycles of methane chlorination reactions, yielding CH3Cl at a rate of 233 µmol g-1 h-1 with a selectivity of 83%. In contrast, pure NaTaO3 exhibits almost no activity toward CH3Cl formation, instead catalyzing the over-oxidation of CH4 into CO2. Notably, the activity of the optimized TaOx/NaTaO3 photocatalyst surpasses that of reported noble metal photocatalysts. This research offers an effective strategy for enhancing the selectivity of photocatalytic methane chlorination using inorganic chlorine ions.

Polyolefin waste to light olefins with ethylene and base-metal heterogeneous catalysts.

The selective conversion of polyethylene, polypropylene, and mixtures of the two polymers to form products with high volume demand is urgently needed because current methods suffer from low selectivity, produce large quantities of greenhouse gases, or rely on expensive, single-use catalysts. The isomerizing ethenolysis of unsaturated polyolefins could be an energetically and environmentally viable route to propylene and isobutylene, but noble-metal homogeneous catalysts and an unsaturated polyolefin are currently required, and the process has been limited to polyethylene. We show that the simple combination of tungsten oxide on silica and sodium on gamma-alumina transforms polyethylene, polypropylene, or a mixture of the two, including post-consumer forms of these materials, to propylene or a mixture of propylene and isobutylene in greater than 90% yield at 320°C without the need for dehydrogenation of the starting polyolefins.

Candida antartica lipase-catalyzed esterification for efficient partial acylglycerol synthesis in solvent-free system: Substrate selectivity, molecular modelling and optimization

Partial acylglycerols are valued for their emulsifying and stabilizing properties, yet precise green synthesis remains challenging due to low yield and selectivity. This study aimed to elucidate the “lipase selectivity-substrate structure-product composition” relationship to enhance the yield of targeted partial acylglycerol. The results showed that lipase exhibited a greater selectivity towards fatty acids with shorter chain lengths and higher unsaturation. Hydroxyl donors also affected the esterification process, with the enzyme-acyl complex exhibiting selectivity towards hydroxyl donors as follows: glycerol > monoacylglycerol > diacylglycerol. Substrate ratio significantly influenced enzymatic reactions; a 10:1 ratio favored triacylglycerol formation (>80 %), while a 1:1 ratio produced > 90 % partial acylglycerols. Molecular docking simulations revealed that substrates primarily interacted with lipase through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. A comprehensive understanding of lipase selectivity patterns could facilitate the design of more efficient reaction systems, enabling the conversion of basic lipid resources into desired high value-added products.

Alumina lattice confined Niσ+ species as highly selective and anti-coking sites for sustainable propane dehydrogenation

Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is a vital petrochemical process. As an alternative to Pt and Cr-based catalysts, Ni-based catalysts used in PDH, however, exhibit low propylene selectivity with severe coking. This work aims to understand the role of different Ni species in PDH and achieve high propylene selectivity by inhibiting coking. Specifically, we obtained NiOx/Al2O3 catalysts with solely tetrahedrally coordinated Ni2+ (NiIV) by selectively removing microcrystalline NiOx using the impregnation-complexation strategy. The Niσ+ species derived from NiIV exhibited high propylene selectivity (∼88 %) and low coke yield (2.26 %) in PDH. In contrast, reducing microcrystalline NiOx to Ni0 resulted in high methane selectivity and high coke yield (14.90 %). Theoretical calculations and experimental results indicate that this difference is attributed to the faster propylene desorption from Niσ+ as compared to that from Ni0. Therefore, catalysts with well-confined Niσ+ are selective in PDH. This study offers a rational strategy for designing Ni-based PDH catalysts.

Controlling the surface oxidation state of halogenated Cu-based catalyst for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has attracted significant attention as strategy for achieving carbon neutrality. Among the candidate materials for the CO2RR, Cu-based electrocatalysts can potentially produce various high-value carbon products. However, the diversity of their products obtained via CO2RR induces low selectivity and hinders the acquisition of a specific product with a high yield. Herein, we suggest the strategies for enhancing ethylene production via CO2RR by reconstructing the oxidation states of the Cu-based catalysts. The introduced chemical oxidation and following halogenation contributes to modulate the electron structures and oxidation states of the electrodeposited polygonal Cu catalyst surface. In particular, the chemical oxidation step induces the coexistence of Cu0 and Cu+ on the catalyst surface which stabilize the CO2 adsorption onto the catalyst surface, and the halogenation maintains the Cu0/Cu+ ratio of the catalyst surface during the CO2RR. As a result, controlling the oxidation states of Cu-based catalyst improves the ethylene production selectivity up to 47.0 % of Faradaic efficiency. Furthermore, we employ a membrane electrode assembly-based electrolyzer for CO2RR which is used for commercialization, and achieve high ethylene production with a partial current density of 124.7 mA cm–2.

Selective and sensitive detection of dimethyl phthalate in water using ferromagnetic nanomaterial-based molecularly imprinted polymers and SERS

To overcome the complicated pretreatment, low selectivity and low sensitivity detection associated with the detection of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), this study synthesized ferromagnetic nanomaterials that coupled with surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs). The pretreatment process can be simplified by ferromagnetic nanomaterials, then Fe3O4@SiO2@Ag@MIPs selectively adsorbing DMP can be achieved, and SERS can be applied for DMP detection with high sensitivity. As a control, the non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) Fe3O4@SiO2@Ag@NIPs were synthesized. Adsorption experiments results showed that the saturation adsorption amounts of Fe3O4@SiO2@Ag@MIPs is 36.74 mg/g with 40 mg/L DMP and Fe3O4@SiO2@Ag@NIPs is 17.45 mg/g. For DMP, Fe3O4@SiO2@Ag@MIPs have a greater affinity. In addition, after seven adsorption-desorption cycles the Fe3O4@SiO2@Ag@MIPs are reusable with approximately a 9.8 % loss in adsorption capacity. With an 8.7 × 10−9 M detection limit, DMP detection was performed by SERS, which revealed that the Raman intensities of the associated characteristic peak were linearly proportional to the DMP concentrations. As a result, the recovery rate of the testing artificial water varied from 87.9 % to 117 %. These outcomes show that the suggested technique for finding DMP in actual water samples is practical.

Key Strategies for Continuous Seawater Splitting for Hydrogen Production: From Principles and Catalyst Materials to Electrolyzer Engineering

AbstractDue to the high cost of ultra‐pure water supply and the mismatch between water sources and renewable energy distribution, the large‐scale production of green hydrogen through seawater electrolysis has generated significant interest. This presents an attractive potential technology within the framework of carbon‐neutral energy production. However, owing to the complex composition of seawater, particularly the competitive oxidation reactions and corrosion issues involving Cl−, seawater electrolysis has suffered from low selectivity and poor stability in oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which severely impact the efficiency of hydrogen production and hinder the practical applications. To further promote in‐depth research and practical applications of seawater electrolysis, this review introduces the principles, key advantages, and challenges of seawater electrolysis. Specifically, the design strategies are categorized for highly active OER electrocatalysts for seawater electrolysis, including catalyst design, design of chemical reaction systems, and other special process design. To ensure long‐term operational stability of seawater electrolysis, various strategies such as employing self‐supporting materials, surface protection strategies, and electrolyzer design, are discussed. Finally, current challenges and future prospects for the industrialization of seawater electrolysis are proposed and discussed. It is expected that this review provides new insights for large‐scale seawater‐based hydrogen production in the future.