Low-fat Diet Research Articles

Mediterranean Diet Modulation of Neuroinflammation-Related Genes in Elderly Adults at High Cardiovascular Risk.

Individuals with dementia and neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) often suffer from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Neuroinflammation driven by conditions involved in CVDs is linked to disruptions in the central nervous system triggering immune reactions, perpetuating an "inflammatory-like" environment. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has been proposed as a key factor to attenuate these risks. Blood nuclear cell samples were collected from 134 participants of the PREDIMED trial, which randomized participants to three diets: one supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (MedDiet-EVOO), another with nuts (MedDiet-Nuts), and a low-fat control diet. These samples were analyzed at baseline and 12-month follow-up to assess the impact of these dietary interventions on gene expression markers. We first selected target genes by analyzing intersections between NDD and CVD associations. Significant gene expression changes from baseline to 12 months were observed in the participants allocated to the MedDiet-EVOO, particularly in CDKN2A, IFNG, NLRP3, PIK3CB, and TGFB2. Additionally, TGFB2 expression changed over time in the MedDiet-Nuts group. Comparative analyses showed significant differences in TGFB2 between MedDiet-EVOO and control, and in NAMPT between MedDiet-Nuts and control. Longitudinal models adjusted for different covariates also revealed significant effects for TGFB2 and NAMPT. In conclusion, our results suggest that one year of traditional MedDiet, especially MedDiet-EVOO, modulates gene expression associated with CVD risk and NDDs in older adults at high CV risk.

Effects of Gossypetin on Glucose Homeostasis in Diet-Induced Pre-Diabetic Rats.

Natural flavonoids exert many potential health benefits, including anti-hyperglycaemic effects. However, the effects of gossypetin (GTIN) on glucose homeostasis in pre-diabetes have not yet been investigated. This study examined the effects of GTIN on key markers of glucose homeostasis in a diet-induced pre-diabetic rat model. Pre-diabetes was induced by allowing the animals to feed on a high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet supplemented with 15% fructose water for 20 weeks. Following pre-diabetes induction, the pre-diabetic animals were sub-divided into five groups (n = 6), where they were either orally treated with GTIN (15 mg/kg) or metformin (MET) (500 mg/kg), both with and without dietary intervention, over a 12-week period. The results demonstrated that animals in the untreated pre-diabetic (PD) control group exhibited significantly higher fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, as well as elevated plasma insulin concentrations and increased homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) index, relative to the non-pre-diabetic (NPD) group. Similarly, increased caloric intake, body weight and plasma ghrelin levels were observed in the PD control group. Notably, these parameters were significantly reduced in the PD animals receiving GTIN treatment. Additionally, glycogen levels in the liver and skeletal muscle, which were disturbed in the PD control group, showed significant improvement in both GTIN-treated groups. These findings may suggest that GTIN administration, with or without dietary modifications, may offer therapeutic benefits in ameliorating glucose homeostasis disturbances associated with the PD state.

Optimal fasting duration for mice as assessed by metabolic status

In the study of obesity and diabetes, mice are widely used for experimental research, and fasting is a common procedure used to reset metabolism in mouse models. The fasting duration for experimental mice varies greatly in nutritional and metabolic studies, ranging from 2 to 48 h. This study aims to assess the optimal fasting duration for mice fed low- and high-fat diets over a short period of time. C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) and fasted for 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or 24 h. The effects of different conditions after fasting on the metabolic level of mice were explored, and the data were collected for analysis. Our data indicate that fasting has inconsistent effects on mice fed a low-fat or high-fat diet. To compare the metabolic differences between mice in different dietary levels and thereby secure better scientific data, mice should fast for 6 h in animal experiments. Fasting for 6 h is also recommended when comparing glucose tolerance with insulin tolerance.

291 Isoenergetic reduction of dietary macronutrients changes body composition and physical activity in cats, regardless of body condition, when fed to maintenance

Abstract Commercial extruded cat foods deviate noticeably from the natural diet of wild cats and contain greater carbohydrate and less protein. This alteration in macronutrient distribution is postulated as a potential factor in feline obesity, yet the precise role of carbohydrates in either predisposing to, or treating, obesity in cats remains inconclusive. This study explored the effects of diets differing in protein, fat, and carbohydrates (NFE) on physical activity and body composition when fed to adult male cats to maintain body weight (BW). Three extruded diets were formulated for adult maintenance according to AAFCO in an isoenergetic approach using the same ingredients in varying proportions: low-protein (LP; protein 28% of metabolizable energy [ME], fat 40% ME, NFE 32% ME), low-fat (LF; protein 42% ME, fat 30% ME, NFE 30% ME), or low-carbohydrate (LC; protein 36% ME, fat 41%ME, NFE 23% ME). Lean (n = 9) and obese (n = 9) adult male neutered cats were fed each diet for 4-wk in a 3 x 3 Latin square design. Physical activity was measured via actigraphy on d 15 to 21 of each period. On d 23 total tissue mass (TTM), body fat mass (BFM), lean soft tissue mass (LSTM), and bone mineral content (BMC) were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Daily food intake and weekly BW were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed in SAS Studio via the GLIMMIX procedure with diet and body condition (bc) as fixed effects and cat as subject. A Tukey post-hoc analysis was performed to assess multiple comparisons when significant (P < 0.05). Body weight (Pbc < 0.0001), TTM (Pbc < 0.0001), BFM (Pbc < 0.0001), LSTM (Pbc < 0.0001), and BMC (Pbc = 0.004) were greater in obese compared with lean cats. Regardless of body condition, LSTM was greater in cats consuming the LF diet (P = 0.010). Daily physical activity was similar between lean and obese cats; however, activity as a ratio of light:dark activity was greater for lean cats compared with obese (Pbc = 0.027). Additionally, cats were more active during dark hours when fed LC and LF (Pdiet = 0.016), though no difference was observed for activity during light hours (P = 0.452). These findings support previous observations regarding body composition disparities between lean and obese cats. Contrary to previous reports, no discernible distinctions in voluntary physical activity were noted between lean and obese cats. In previous studies, both high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets reduced voluntary physical activity when fed to maintain BW which was attributed to a potential alteration in mood and energy levels seen in other species. An increase in physical activity in cats consuming the LF diet could suggest a similar pattern. Future research should explore the metabolic implications of varied macronutrient distributions to expand upon the physiological insights presented herein. Funding for this study was provided by Champion Petfoods, Mitacs Accelerate, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada.

Synbiotic supplementation ameliorates anxiety and myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in hyperglycaemic rats by modulating gut microbiota.

Hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and obesity are the main risk factors affecting the development and prognosis of ischaemic heart disease, which is still an important cause of death today. In our study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a standard diet (SD) or a high fat and high carbohydrate diet (HF-HCD) for 8weeks and streptozotocin (STZ) was injected at the seventh week of the feeding period. In one set of rats, a mixture of a prebiotic and probiotics (synbiotic, SYN) was administered by gavage starting from the beginning of the feeding period. Experimental myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (30min/60min) was induced at the end of 8weeks. Hyperglycaemia, hypertension and increased serum low-density lipoprotein levels occurred in SD- and HF-HCD-fed and STZ-treated rats followed for 8weeks. Increased density of the Proteobacteria phylum was observed in rats with increased blood glucose levels, indicating intestinal dysbiosis. The severity of cardiac damage was highest in the dysbiotic HF-HCD-fed hyperglycaemic rats, which was evident with increased serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), tumour necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 levels, along with a decrease in ST-segment resolution index. SYN supplementation to either a normal or a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet improved gut dysbiosis, reduced anxiety, decreased CK-MB and cTnI levels, and alleviated myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in hyperglycaemic rats.

Dietary protein restriction diminishes sucrose reward and reduces sucrose-evoked mesolimbic dopamine signaling in mice

A growing literature suggests manipulating dietary protein status decreases sweet consumption in rodents and in humans. Underlying neurocircuit mechanisms have not yet been determined, but previous work points towards hedonic rather than homeostatic pathways. Here we hypothesized that a history of protein restriction reduces sucrose seeking by altering mesolimbic dopamine signaling in mice. We tested this hypothesis using established behavioral tests of palatability and conditioned reward, including the palatability contrast and conditioned place preference (CPP) tests. We used modern optical sensors for measuring real-time nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine dynamics during voluntary sucrose consumption, via fiber photometry, in male C57/Bl6J mice maintained on low-protein high-carbohydrate (LPHC) or control (CON) diet for ∼5 weeks. Our results showed that a history of protein restriction decreased the consumption of a sucrose ‘dessert’ in sated mice by ∼50% compared to controls [T-test, p < 0.05]. The dopamine release in NAc during sucrose consumption was reduced, also by ∼50%, in LPHC-fed mice compared to CON [T-test, p < 0.01]. Furthermore, LPHC-feeding blocked the sucrose-conditioned place preference we observed in CON-fed mice [paired T-test, p < 0.05], indicating reduced sucrose reward. This was accompanied by a 33% decrease in neuronal activation of the NAc core, as measured by c-Fos immunolabeling from brains collected directly after the CPP test [T-test, p < 0.05]. Together, these findings advance our mechanistic understanding of how dietary protein restriction decreases the consumption of sweets—by inhibiting the incentive salience of a sucrose reward, together with reduced sucrose-evoked dopamine release in NAc.

γ-aminobutyric acid improves the growth performance, food intake and glucose homeostasis of Micropterus salmoides fed high-carbohydrate diets

This study aimed to assess the function of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on growth performance, food intake and glucose homeostasis of Micropterus salmoides fed carbohydrate (CHO)-enriched diets. The intracerebroventricular glucose + GABA co-injected fish had higher cumulative food intake, and expression of orexigenic genes (ghrelin and neuropeptide y (npy)) in the brain than those of the single glucose-injected group. In the feeding trial, M. salmoides (10.35 ± 0.05 g) were fed four feeds containing a control feed (10 % CHO, C) and three GABA contents [0 (HC), 50 (HC-G1), and 100 (HC-G2) mg kg−1, respectively] of high-CHO feed (20 % CHO) for 12 weeks. High CHO prominently (P < 0.05) decreased WGR, SGR, FI, p-Ampk protein content, and expression of ghrelin, npy, fbpase, pparα, cpt1α and aco1 compared with the control group, but the opposite was true for plasma glucose and triglyceride levels, tissue glycogen and lipid contents, and expression of proopiomelanocortin, leptin a, gk, pk, gs, chrebp, srebp1, fas and acc1. HC-G2 diets prominently (P < 0.05) up-regulated WGR, SGR, FI, p-Ampk protein content, and expression of ghrelin, npy, gk, pk, chrebp, srebp1, fas and acc1 compared with the HC group. Also, HC-G2 diets increased glucose tolerance of M. salmoides fed high-CHO diets after glucose loading. Overall, GABA improved the growth performance, food intake and glucose homeostasis of high-CHO-fed fish by the increase of appetite, glycolysis, glycogenesis and lipolysis, as well as the inhibition of gluconeogenesis and lipid synthesis.

Comparison of weight loss effects among overweight/obese adults: A network meta-analysis of mediterranean, low carbohydrate, and low-fat diets

Eating patterns significantly impact the weight loss process. This study aimed to investigate the influence of primary eating patterns on weight loss measures in overweight and obese adults using network meta-analysis. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar until May 2, 2023. Our network meta-analysis followed the PRISMA extension guidelines for Comparing Mediterranean, low carbohydrate and low fat diet effects on weight loss among overweight/obese adults. We conducted a Frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis. Summary effects were presented as mean differences (MD) along with corresponding standard deviations (SD). P-scores were used for treatment ranking within the network. Initial literature searches yielded 1574 citations. Ultimately, 1004 participants from 7 RCTs (or 9 trials) met inclusion criteria. All diets resulted in weight loss. Comparatively, the low-carbohydrate diet exhibited a significant decrease in weight loss compared to the Mediterranean diet (MD=-2.70kg, 95% CI:-4.65,-0.75). Indirect evidence revealed that both the low-carbohydrate diet (MD=-6.31kg, 95% CI:-11.23,-1.39) and the low-fat diet (MD=-5.61kg, 95% CI:-10.61,-0.61) significantly reduced weight among overweight/obese adults compared to the standard hypolipemic diet. Rankings indicated the low-carbohydrate diet as the most effective dietary intervention for enhancing weight loss (P-score=0.8994) and reducing body fat (P-score=0.7060). Overall, a low-carb diet appears to be among the most effective approaches for weight loss and body fat reduction. However, it's essential to consider that its efficacy may vary based on factors such as age, gender, genetics, and lifestyle habits.

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 4: a case report

BackgroundProgressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that manifests primarily with jaundice and pruritus and can progresses from persistent cholestasis to cirrhosis and late childhood liver failure. Classically, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis is classified into three subtypes: 1, 2, and 3 and results from a defect in a biliary protein responsible for bile formation and circulation in the liver. In the last decade and with the increased use of genetic testing, more types have been known.Case presentationA 6-month-old Afrocentric boy presented with progressive jaundice and pruritus that started since the age of 2 months. He was thoroughly investigated to be finally diagnosed as progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 4. A low-fat diet, ursodeoxycholic acid, fat-soluble vitamins, and cholestyramine were started. He showed initial improvement then had refractory pruritus and impaired quality of life. He underwent surgical biliary diversion at the age of 1 year with marked improvement of manifestations.ConclusionOwing to the increased technology of genetic testing, more clinical subtypes of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis were diagnosed other than the classical three types. Surgical management using biliary diversion could be beneficial and delays or may even obviate the need for liver transplantation.

Optimizing the lifestyle of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - Systematic review on the effects of combined diet-and-exercise interventions

AimTo investigate the effects of combined diet-and-exercise interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data synthesisA systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and BISp Surf databases (latest update in June 2024). A total of 14706 records was identified. After screening procedures, 11 randomized controlled trials (n = 24 reports) were included. The included studies compared either a) the effects of a combined intervention versus a diet-only intervention or b) different combinations of diet + exercise. The overall quality of the included study reports was moderate (evaluated with the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool). Additional effects of exercise on (energy-restricted) diets were primarily reflected in increased physical fitness/performance. In far fewer cases, additional effects such as the (better) improvement of glycemic control, number of subjects taking medication, body weight, body composition, or lipid profile were reported. Combined with regular exercise, an energy-restricted low-carbohydrate (LC) diet with either high-fat (HF) or high-protein (HP) contents showed superior effects compared with an energy-matched conventional (CONV) high-carbohydrate diet in terms of improvements in medication use (HF-LC versus CONV diet), lipids (HF-LC or HP-LC versus CONV diet) or wellbeing (HP-LC versus CONV diet) in some studies. ConclusionsComplementing a dietary intervention with regular exercise can have additional health benefits in T2DM, specifically improved physical fitness/performance. LC diets might be superior to other diets when combined with regular exercise. Other diet-and-exercise combinations than those analyzed in this review need to be investigated. Review registration numberCRD42023458830.

647. INDOCYANINE GREEN (ICG) IDENTIFICATION OF A CISTERNA CHYLI LEAK FOLLOWING RADICAL OESOPHAGO-GASTRECTOMY WITH 2-FIELD LYMPHADENECTOMY: DESCRIPTION OF A NEW TECHNIQUE

Abstract Background Chyle leak is a rare but feared complication post oesophago-gastrectomy, with far-reaching clinical and resource impacts including infection, re-admission and prolonged hospital stay, invasive procedures, and potentially missing the adjuvant therapy window. Low volume leaks can be managed medically via low-fat diet, nutritional support, and somatostatin analogues. Those of higher volume, or where medical management has failed, require radiological or surgical techniques. Where described, these techniques address leaks from a thoracic duct source and are therefore not applicable in patients having undergone oesophago-gastrectomy with radical two- or three- field lymphadenectomy, or where the suspected leak source is from abdominal lymphatics. Methods We report the case of a 78-year-old male diagnosed with cT4a N1 M0 oesophageal adenocarcinoma of the gastro-oesophageal junction. Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, he underwent robotic-assisted two-phase oesophago-gastrectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy, in which the thoracic duct was identified and ligated. He returned one week post discharge with a left chylothorax. Drinage and medical management were unsuccessful, as were two radiological and one laparoscopic attempt at embolization of the leak. We describe a novel technique utilising indocyanine green (ICG) to identify and facilitate control of a cisterna chyli leak post-oesophago-gastrectomy with radical lymphadenectomy. Results Laparoscopy was performed and indocyanine green injected into the proximal jejunum submucosa, draining via mesenteric lymphatics to the cisterna chyli. Subsequent thoracoscopy revealed a prominent lymphatic channel around the left crus which was ligated. However, further leak was seen through the hiatus upon administration of high-fat jejunostomy feed. Re-laparoscopy revealed a leak from the cisterna chyli which was successfully ligated with ethibond sutures, leading to cessation of chyle leak and successful discharge of the patient, who subsequently received adjuvant therapy within the treatment window. Conclusion We describe a safe and effective novel technique for management of chyle leak from abdominal lymphatics or the cisterna chyli following oesophago-gastrectomy with radical two-field lymphadenectomy. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nCNnowdJVPlV0GOleXVNVMshuU19kCb/view?usp=sharing

Sex- and age-associated factors drive the pathophysiology of MASLD.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is strongly associated with obesity. Sex and age affect MASLD prevalence and pathophysiology. The use of animal models fed Western-style diets is vital for investigating the molecular mechanisms contributing to metabolic dysregulation and for facilitating novel drug target identification. However, the sex-associated and age-associated mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap limits the development of personalized sex-specific and age-specific drug treatments. Young (7wk) and aged (52wk) male and female mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet. Liver metabolome (>600 molecules) and transcriptome profiles were analyzed. Male and female mice fed an HFD developed obesity, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis. However, fasting blood glucose, insulin, and serum alanine aminotransferase levels were higher in males fed an HFD, indicating a more severe metabolic disease. In addition, males showed significant increases in liver diacylglycerides and glycosylceramides (known mediators of insulin resistance and fibrosis), and more changes in the transcriptome: extracellular matrix organization and proinflammatory genes were elevated only in males. In contrast, no major increase in damaging lipid classes was observed in females fed an HFD. However, aging affected the liver to a greater extent in females. Acylcarnitine levels were significantly reduced, suggestive of changes in fatty acid oxidation, and broad changes in the transcriptome were observed, including reduced oxidative stress response gene expression and alterations in lipid partitioning genes. Here, we show distinct responses to an HFD between males and females. Our study underscores the need for using both sexes in drug target identification studies, and characterizing the molecular mechanisms contributing to the MASLD pathophysiology in aging animals.

39 - Liver proteomic assessment of mice fed high carbohydrate and high fat diets identify a disconnect between proteins associated with de novo lipogenesis and fat.

39 - Liver proteomic assessment of mice fed high carbohydrate and high fat diets identify a disconnect between proteins associated with de novo lipogenesis and fat.

Abstract P387: Survival trajectories of the patients with malignant hypertension in the Rice Diet Program

Malignant hypertension (MH), severe arterial hypertension accompanied by retinal hemorrhage (Class III), papilledema (Class IV), or both was untreatable in 1942. Walter Kempner treated MH patients with a very low sodium (~200 mg/day), protein (~5% of calories), and fat (~5% of calories) diet with success in some patients. The scope and efficacy of this “Rice” Diet (RD) was not clear. We analyzed data from 563 non-diabetic MH patients treated from 1942-1988. The cohort, mostly male (69.4%) with a median age 51 years and median BMI 24.01 provided several interesting findings. First, the number of MH patients increased until the early 1950s, but then declined sharply by 1955, before effective pharmacotherapy was available. This sudden MH “disappearance” seems real, but is unexplained by therapy or other known events. Second, 341 MH patients showed that median survival more that doubled with RD treatment compared to untreated MH patients described by Keith-Wagner-Barker (KWB) in 1939. Third, the RD-diet survival benefit began after ~90-100 days into treatment. During the first ~90-100 RD days, survival closely tracks that of untreated MH patients described by KWB; thereafter, survival curves diverged substantially (e.g., calculated half-time survival for Class IV increased from 163.5 to 815.5 days, Figure ). Fourth, serial retinal photographs of 359 MH patients, showed that of 343 with initial hemorrhage, 36 of 177 patients surviving at 1 year (20%) still had hemorrhage; of 146 with initial papilledema, only 1 of 76 patients surviving at 1 year (1%) still had papilledema. Fifth, survival curves of MH patients with only hemorrhage or only papilledema were similar; however, survival was markedly shorter in those with both hemorrhage and papilledema, implying that the deleterious effects of vascular and neuropathic changes are independent of one another and additive. Remaining questions concern: why did MH “suddenly” disappear; how does RD impact vaculopathy; what factors impact survival trajectories.

Influence of gut microbiome composition on effect variations of anti-cholesterol treatment among individual mice

This study investigated if the variation in the effect of anti-cholesterol (AC) treatment on individual mice are related to gut microbiome composition. The bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity of 23 commercial fermented milk products was examined to select a fermented milk product for AC treatment. Mice were fed to different diets for 6 weeks: high-fat (660 % of total calories from fat; D1), high-dietary fibre (20 % cellulose; D2), and low-fat (17.2 % of total calories from fat; D3) diets to change their gut microbiomes. Subsequently, faecal microbiome was transplanted (FMT) into mice treated with high cholesterol diet contained 2 % cholesterol, followed by AC or non-AC (sterile tap water, STW) treatments. Control groups with normal (NC) and high-cholesterol diets (PC) were prepared for both AC and STW treatment. All experimental groups were subjected to serum and liver cholesterol, cholesterol metabolism-related (CMR) gene expression, and intestinal microbiome analyses. D3-FMT mice showed the most significant enhancements in cholesterol ratio and decreased hepatic cholesterol levels with AC treatment. Moreover, upregulation of the Cyp7a1 gene expression was observed in this group. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiome analysis indicated higher abundances of BSH-producing Eubacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Parabacteroides in the D3-FMT + AC group compare to others, potentially contributing to increased bile acid synthesis.

Asian Low-Carbohydrate Diet with Increased Whole Egg Consumption Improves Metabolic Outcomes in Metabolic Syndrome: A 52-Week Intervention Study

BackgroundThe low-carbohydrate-ketogenic diet, an effective strategy to address metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity has raised concerns about high-fat consumption on atherogenic lipoproteins. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the Asian ketogenic diet (AKD), which incorporates balanced protein and fat intake from Asian foods, with a balanced low-caloric diet (BLC) in individuals diagnosed with MetS. MethodsA 52-wk randomized clinical trial included 3 parallel groups: AKD with increased whole egg intake [egg yolk Asian ketogenic diet (Yolk-AKD, n = 28)], yolk-free ketogenic diet with egg white supplementation [egg white Asian ketogenic diet (White-AKD, n = 26)], and BLC (n = 22). Primary outcomes were anthropometric and metabolic changes. ResultsThe AKD groups achieved significant reductions in weight and waist circumference (P < 0.05). Compared with the BLC group, the AKD groups demonstrated significant improvements in insulin resistance at week 6 and in triglyceride concentrations at weeks 12 (Yolk-AKD) and 35 (White-AKD) (P < 0.05). The AKD groups experienced improvements in hormones associated with insulin sensitivity and appetite, whereas only the Yolk-AKD group had a significant decrease in inflammation-related hormones (P < 0.05). From weeks 35–52, the AKD maintained reductions in anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, improved glucose tolerance, enhanced lipid profiles, and better liver function compared with the BLC. ConclusionsThe AKD proved safe and effective, yielding various metabolic improvements in individuals with MetS compared with the BLC. Emphasizing a low-saturated fat diet while disregarding dietary cholesterol, this approach holds promise for MetS and obesity management. The inclusion of both White-AKD and Yolk-AKD groups allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the AKD's impact, elucidating the differential effects of whole egg consumption on metabolic outcomes. Further studies are warranted.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04608136.

Dietary Supplementation with Nano-Curcumin Improves the Meat Quality and Nutrition Value of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) Fed with a High-Carbohydrate Diet

This study investigated the effects of curcumin nanoparticles on the flesh quality of largemouth bass on a high-carbohydrate diet. A total of 180 fish (11.01 ± 0.02 g) were fed three semi-purified diets: the Control group (LC) were supplemented with standard carbohydrate (10%), the experimental group (HC) were supplemented with 15% carbohydrate, and the experimental group were supplemented with 0.2% nano-curcumin added to 15% carbohydrate (HCN) for 6 weeks. Results showed that a* value, taurine, valine, isoleucine, histidine, cystine, fatty acids (C17:0 and C20:2n6), MDA (malondialdehyde) content, and SOD (Superoxide dismutase) activity were significantly elevated (p &lt; 0.05) in HC. Muscle fibers showed significant increases in horizontal diameter, longitudinal diameter, and cross-sectional area (p &lt; 0.05), as well as up-regulated expression levels of the MRFS (myogenic regulatory factor) family gene and MSTN (myostatin) (p &lt; 0.05), and a significant decrease in C16:1n7 in HC (p &lt; 0.05). Importantly, the HCN group enhanced the muscle quality of largemouth bass by elevating the L* value, valine, isoleucine, arginine and cystine, C20:2n6, decreasing (p &lt; 0.05) refrigeration loss, chewability, firmness and hardness, then MDA content and SOD activity, and downregulating (p &lt; 0.05) MSTN and MRFS family gene expression levels to improve largemouth bass muscle quality.

Effect of probiotic administration in adult atopic dermatitis patients

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by abnormal skin barrier function and heightened immunologic sensitization. Its incidence has surged recently, with approximately 60% of cases diagnosed within the first year of life. AD can persist or recur, significantly deteriorating the quality of life due to persistent itching and sleep disturbances. Individuals with AD are at increased risk of developing other atopic disorders like asthma and allergic rhinitis. Various dietary approaches, including low carbohydrate, calorie, and fat diets, have been associated with enhanced quality of life by regulating immune responses. Probiotics have been used as adjuvant therapy in allergic conditions, though their effectiveness varies due to the complex nature of allergies. Method: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. MeSH terms, advanced search strategies, and predefined eligibility criteria were employed to identify relevant studies. Duplicate studies were excluded, and critical assessment tools and levels of evidence were defined per Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine standards. Results: One systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the PICO and eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis demonstrated that probiotics significantly decreased AD severity in adults, enhancing their overall quality of life. Other meta-analyses and systematic reviews supported that probiotics reduce clinical severity and improve life quality in adult AD patients. Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation is a viable option to improve the quality of life for adult AD patients, offering potential therapeutic benefits in managing this condition.

Whole tomato lipidic extract improved sperm quality in obese rats induced by a high-carbohydrate diet.

Obesity represents a risk in the development of metabolic and oxidative stress (OS), as well as in male infertility. There is still no pharmacological treatment for obesity-induced male infertility, but the use of natural antioxidants has been proposed as a treatment. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of a whole tomato lipid extract on rats that decreased their fertility and spermatogenesis after being induced obese with a high carbohydrate diet. One hundred fourteen male Wistar rats of 12weeks of age were used. Two groups were randomly formed non-obese control group (C, n=54) and obese group (Ob, n=54) that received 30% w/v sucrose solution for 3 months. Subsequently, the C and Ob group were divided into two groups: vehicle (C-Vh and Ob-Vh) that received corn oil as vehicle and tomato lipid extract (C-Ex and Ob-Ex) that received whole tomato lipid extract. The groups that received a hypercaloric diet had a gain in visceral and retroperitoneal adipose tissue, an increase in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, increased OS in the testis, and lesions in testicular histology, as well as a reduction in testicular size and sperm quality parameters (motility, viability, and concentration). Treatment with whole tomato lipid extract significantly decreased the weight of gonadal adipose tissue and OS, maintained testicular size, showed a significant increase in sperm quality parameters and improved histology of seminiferous tubules. These results demonstrate a greater therapeutic and beneficial effect of the tomato lipid extract on sperm quality parameters in obese rats and therefore on fertility.

Greater oxidation of dietary linoleate compared to palmitate in humans following an acute high-carbohydrate diet

We have previously demonstrated that dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA), when compared to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), are preferentially partitioned into oxidation pathways. However, it remains unclear if this preferential handling is maintained when hepatocellular metabolism is shifted toward fatty acid (FA) esterification and away from oxidation, such as when hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is upregulated. To investigate whether an acute upregulation of hepatic DNL influences dietary FA partitioning into oxidation pathways. 20 healthy volunteers (11 females) underwent a fasting baseline visit followed by two study days, 2-weeks apart. Prior to each study day, participants consumed an isocaloric high-carbohydrate diet (to upregulate hepatic DNL) for 3-days. On the two study days, participants consumed an identical standardised test meal that contained either [U13C]palmitate or [U13C]linoleate, in random order, to trace the fate of dietary FA. Blood and breath samples were collected over a 6h postprandial period and 13C enrichment in breath CO2 and plasma lipid fractions were measured using gas-chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Compared to the baseline visit, fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations and markers of hepatic DNL, the lipogenic and stearyl-CoA desaturase indices, were significantly (p<0.05) increased after consumption of the high-carbohydrate diet. Appearance of 13C in expired CO2 and tracer recovery were significantly (p<0.05) higher after consumption of the meal containing [U13C]linoleate compared to [U13C]palmitate (5.1±0.5% vs. 3.7±0.4%), respectively. Incorporation of 13C into the plasma triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid pool was significantly (p<0.001) greater for [U13C]palmitate compared to [U13C]linoleate. Dietary PUFA compared to SFA appear to be preferentially partitioned into oxidation pathways during an acute upregulation of hepatic DNL, thus consumption of a PUFA-enriched diet may help mitigate intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation in individuals at risk of cardiometabolic disease.