Low-risk Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Research Articles

First Analysis of the Completed Mabthera International (Mint) Trial in Young Patients with Low-Risk Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL): Addition of Rituximab to a CHOP-Like Regimen Significantly Improves Outcome of All Patients with the Identification of a Very Favorable Subgroup with IPI=O and No Bulky Disease.

Rituximab has been shown to improve outcome in elderly patients with DLBCL (Coiffier et al., NEJM, 2002), but there is only limited data for young low-risk patients. In an intergroup study conducted in 18 countries, untreated patients (18–60 years) with low-risk CD20+ DLBCL (IPI 0 or 1, stages II-IV and stage I with bulk) were randomized to receive 6 cycles of a CHOP-like regimen (CHEMO) or the same chemotherapy plus rituximab 375 mg/m2 given on days 1, 22, 43, 64, 85, and 106 (R-CHEMO). Radiotherapy was planned to sites of initial bulk and/or extranodal involvement. The primary endpoint was time to treatment failure (TTF). Between 05/2000 and 10/2003, 824 patients were recruited. A first planned interim analysis was performed on 326 evaluable patients in November 2003 and let the independent review committee recommend the early stopping of the MInT trial on Dec 5, 2003, with 59 patients still under chemotherapy (28 CHEMO; 31 R-CHEMO). These were censored for this analysis. We here present the first full-set analysis on 823 evaluable patients (410 CHEMO; 413 R-CHEMO) with data base status as of Aug 2nd, 2004.Patient characteristics were: median age 47 years; IPI=1: 57%; stages III/IV: 28%; elevated LDH: 29%; bulky disease: 49%. Toxicity was not different in the two arms. After a median time of observation of 22 months, R-CHEMO patients had a significantly longer TTF (p<0.00001), with estimated 2-year TTF rates of 60% (CHEMO) vs 76% (R-CHEMO). Complete remission (CR) rates of evaluable patients (CR) were significantly different (67% CHEMO vs 81% R-CHEMO, p<0.0001) as were the rates of progressive disease during treatment (15% vs 4% , p<0.00001). Similarly, overall survival was significantly different (p<0.001), with 2-year survival rates of 87% (CHEMO) and 94% (R-CHEMO), respectively. The rate of lymphoma-associated deaths was reduced by two thirds with R-CHEMO. Using a Cox proportional hazard model for the primary endpoint TTF, treatment arm (p<0.00001), bulky disease (p<0.0001) and IPI (p<0.001) were significantly associated with the risk of an event. The benefit of R-CHEMO was demonstrated for all patients irrespective of these risk factors. However, 2-year TTF after R-CHEMO in patients with bulky disease and/or IPI=1 was significantly worse (p<0.001) than in patients with IPI=0 and no bulk (71% vs 90%, respectively), proposing two novel subgroups of young low-risk patients with a favorable and less favorable outcome in the era of combined rituximab/CHOP-like chemotherapy. The combination of 6 cycles of a CHOP-like chemotherapy with rituximab sets the standard for young low-risk patients with CDD20+ DLBCL. While further improvement will be difficult to demonstrate for the favorable (IPI=0, no bulk) subgroup, it is still warranted with regard to TTF for the less favorable subgroup (IPI=1 and/or bulk).

Factors predicting long-term survival in low-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

The International Prognostic Index (IPI) is widely used for risk stratification of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, even among patients with low-risk disease, according to the IPI a substantial proportion of patients ultimately succumb to their disease. Using mature population-based data from the Danish Lymphoma Group, we analyzed if prognostic clinical pretreatment factors could be identified in patients with low-risk DLBCL. One hundred seventy-seven patients, all with a prognostic profile as favorable as possible according to the IPI and treated with anthracycline-based combination chemotherapy (92%) or loco-regional radiotherapy/surgery (8%) with curative intent were included. The median age was 50 years and 170 achieved complete remission. The median follow-up time was 11 years. Twenty-six patients relapsed, with a median time to relapse of 12.1 months. Overall survival at 5 years and 10 years was 85% and 75%, respectively. Stage II was associated with poor response to treatment (P=0.044). In a multivariate analysis, Stage II (P=0.001) and age >50 years (P=0.043) were independently associated with poor outcome. Patients without these adverse factors had an excellent prognosis, with a survival at 5 and 15 years of 90% and 80%, respectively. In contrast, patients with both adverse factors had poor outcome, with survival at 5 and 15 years of 70% and 29%, respectively (P<0.001). The present data suggest that risk stratification of DLBCL patients with a favorable IPI score can be improved by the simple use of two clinical pretreatment factors.