Low Resilience Group Research Articles

Relationships Among Stress, Burnout, Athletic Identity, and Athlete Satisfaction in Students at Korea's Physical Education High Schools: Validating Differences Between Pathways According to Ego Resilience.

We tested the structural relationships between stress, burnout, athletic identity, and athlete satisfaction in student athletes attending Korea's physical education high schools and analyzed the differences between paths by ego resilience. Data were collected from student athletes at three Korean physical education high schools. Before data collection, each instruments' content validity was confirmed, and after data collection, construct validity was tested using factor analysis. The results were derived using reliability testing, descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and structural equation modeling. After testing the final research model, the following results were obtained: (a) high levels of stress had a strong correlation with burnout and high levels of burnout was negatively related to athletic identity and athlete satisfaction; (b) in our model, burnout showed full mediation of the relationship between stress and athlete identity/athletic satisfaction; and (c) the high ego resilience group showed a weaker relationship compared to the low ego resilience group in the pathways from stress → burnout and burnout → athletic identity/athlete satisfaction.

Resilience correlates with outcomes after total shoulder arthroplasty

Resilience, characterized by an ability to bounce back or recover from stress, is increasingly recognized as a psychometric property affecting many outcomes' domains including quality of life, suicide risk in active-duty military personnel, and recovery in cancer patients. This study examines the correlation between resilience, as measured by the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and traditional outcome scores including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and Penn scores in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Seventy patients undergoing primary anatomic TSA were followed up for a minimum of 2 years (mean, 30 ± 3 months). Patients were stratified into groups a priori, based on deviation from the mean of the BRS score, into low-resilience (LR), normal-resilience (NR), and high-resilience (HR) patients, and outcome scores were calculated for each group. Postoperative BRS scores significantly correlated with ASES, Penn, and SANE scores (r = 0.41-0.44, P < .004 for all scores). When we evaluated patients based on resilience group, the LR group had a Penn score that was 34 points lower than that in the HR group. Likewise, the LR group had a SANE score that averaged 40 points lower than that in the HR group (SANE score of 53 points in LR group and 92 points in HR group, P = .05). When we evaluated ASES subscores, it appeared that the pain subscale was responsible for most of the difference between the LR and HR groups (29 points and 48 points [out of 50 points], respectively; P = .03). Resilience is a major predictor of postoperative outcomes after TSA. Patients who are classified as having LR have outcome scores that are 30 to 40 points lower on traditional outcome scales than patients with HR.

Examining Perceived Social Support, Positive Affection, and Spirituality, as Resilience Factors, Among Boys of Drug-Dependent Fathers

Background: Addiction is an anomaly with different clinical, behavioral and cognitive symptoms, in the development of which, social and psychological factors, on one hand, and biological and pharmacological factors, on the other hand, are involved. Objectives: The present study aimed to examine perceived social support, positive affection, and spirituality, as resilience factors, between two groups of drug dependent and nondependent males, who had drug dependent fathers. Methods: This descriptive study had a correlational design. The statistical population included all boys aged 16 to 24 years old, who had drug dependent fathers in Saravan, Iran. The sample constituted of 91 subjects selected through applying the snowball sampling method (31 drug-dependent males (the low resilience group) and 60 nondependent males (the high resilience group)). The measurement tools were the medical outcomes study (MOS) social support scale, the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS), and the spirituality questionnaire (SQ). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis. Results: The results indicated that the mean score of perceived social support of the group with high resilience (M = 76.6) was higher than that of the group with low resilience (M = 45.6). Moreover, the mean score of positive affection of the nondependent group (M = 76.8) was higher than that of the drug dependent group (M = 43.8). Additionally, the mean score of spirituality of the nondependent group (M = 98.8) was higher than that of the drug dependent group (M = 77.8). These differences were all statistically significant (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: Accordingly, enhancing teenagers’ positive affection, perceived social support, and spirituality by their families or through instructions, could help solve their problems and can increase their resilience.

The resilience status of empty-nest elderly in a community: A latent class analysis

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the status and characteristics of resilience among empty-nest elderly in a community in China using exploratory latent class analysis (LCA). MethodsThis study enrolled 250 empty-nest elderly as the study respondents. General information regarding the resilience of empty-nest elderly was investigated using the General Information Questionnaire and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Chinese version, and we then used LCA and multivariate logistic regression to discuss the characteristics of resilience among empty-nest elderly individuals. ResultsThrough the analysis, we found that the resilience of empty-nest elderly had obvious group characteristics and that statistical indicators can support the three categories of potential model. On the basis of the conditional probability on the various items of the questionnaire in each category, they were named “high resilience group,” “low pressure resilience group,” and “low resilience group,” and the proportion was 26.6%, 40.4%, and 32.9%, respectively. Further study showed that age, marital status, education level, relationship with children, and physical exercise had a significant effect on the high resilience group compared to the low resilience group. Gender, education level, relationship with children, and physical exercise had a significant effect on the low pressure resilience group compared to the low resilience group. ConclusionsThe resilience status of empty-nest elderly in communities can be divided into three categories. Each category had different characteristics of demographic information.

Latent class analysis on resilience characteristics of empty-nest elderly in community

Objective To analyze the characteristics of resilience among empty-nest elderly in community with exploratory latent class analysis method and provide a basis for making targeted intervention measures according to different characteristics. Methods This study enrolled 203 empty-nest elderly people as the study respondents. The general information, resilience of empty-nest elderly were investigated using the general information questionnaire, Connor-Davidson resilience scale in Chinese version.Latent class analyze (Mplus 7.0) was used to discuss the characteristics of resilience among empty-nest elderly. Results The results showed that the resilience of empty-nest elderly had obvious characteristics and the statistical indicators(AIC, BIC, Entropy and so on) can support the three categories of potential model(P=0.006). Based on the conditional probability on the various items of the questionnaire in each category, they were respectively named high resilience group (54 cases (26.6%)) and low pressure resilience group (82 cases (40.4%)) and low resilience group (67 cases (33.0%)). Further study showed that high resilience and low resilience had a significant effect of age(P<0.05), low pressure resilience and low resilience had a significant effect of gender(P<0.05). Conclusion The resilience of empty-nest elderly in communities can be divided into three categories according to its characteristics.Each category has different proportion of gender and age. Key words: Empty-nest elderly; Resilience; Latent class analysis

A cross-lagged regression analysis between resilience, mental health and psychological stress of recruits during training

Objective To explore the resilience and mental health of recruits during training, and to investigate mutual prediction of resilience between mental health and psychological stress to provide the scientific evidence for the mental health training and psychological selection of recruits. Methods Connor-Davidson resilience questionnaire (CD-RISC), symptom checklist(SCL-90), psychological stress self-evaluation test(PSET), satisfaction with life scale(SWLS), positive and negative affect scale(PANAS) were applied to 650 recruits in 2011 before starting training and after two months of training. Results ① Chinese recruits had good resilience, and the CD scores of pre-and post-test were (61.60±14.36) and (61.41±14.55) respectively.②Mental health (SCL-90) of two tests were good in recruits. ③ Correlation analysis showed that the same premise of phase correlation, resilience (pre-test) could significantly predict mental health (post-test) (β=0.070, P 0.05). Resilience (pre-test) could significantly predict psychological stress (post-test) (β=0.075, P 0.05). ④ Compared with high resilience group, low-resilience group of recruits had higher total score of SCL-90 and psychological stress and less positive emotion, more negative emotion and lower life satisfaction. Conclusion The recruits training have good resilience. Resilience of recruits have predictive ability to mental health, psychological stress during training. Key words: Training; Recruits; Resilience; Mental health; Cross-lagged regression analysis

Resilience and Psychosocial Function Among Mainland Chinese Parents of Children With Cancer: A Cross-sectional Survey.

Resilience is commonly used to refer to the capacity to resist negative psychological reactions when encountering aversive circumstances. However, clinicians generally define resilience as a lack of psychological distress or an adoption of positive attitude in response to a potentially traumatic event. Although resilience was initially considered to be a psychological variable, it has gradually become seen as a psychosocial indicator now used in clinical settings in the Western world but is still a relatively new topic in most Eastern countries. In this study, we aimed to extend our understandings of the psychological responses of a group of mainland Chinese parents upon being informed that their children were diagnosed with cancer, using resilience as a major indicator. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of resilience among mainland Chinese parents in response to knowing that their children were diagnosed with cancer and to examine the relationships between resilience and other psychosocial outcomes. A descriptive and a cross-sectional survey design was used and involved a sample of 125 parents who visited a specialist cancer hospital in southeast China between September 2013 and February 2014. The participants reported lower level of resilience as compared with a control population in the Chinese community (P < .01). Resilience was negatively correlated with uncertainty in illness (P < .01) and depression (P < .01) and was positively correlated with social support (P < .01) and all other positive coping strategies subscales (P < .01). Parents from the high- resilience group reported better psychosocial functions than did those from the low-resilience group (P < .01). In addition, 6 influencing factors were identified and entered into the multiple linear regression equation of psychological resilience, which predicts 38.3% (adjusted R) of total variation in psychological resilience. A high level of resilience in parents of children diagnosed with cancer is associated with better psychosocial function in response to the traumatic event. Additional attention should be given to those Mainland Chinese parents who demonstrated a low level of resilience in response to their child's diagnosis. This is particularly important because of the long and stressful process for cancer treatment. Clinicians should also provide targeted interventions to those parents to promote their psychological resilience.

The linkage between infant negative temperament and parenting self‐efficacy: The role of resilience against negative performance feedback

Caring for infants with negative reactive temperament may tax parents' confidence in their caregiving ability, or parenting self-efficacy (PSE). This may happen in particular in parents who interpret these signals as negative feedback on their performance. To test this hypothesis, 179 first-time pregnant women were presented a caregiving simulation that provided positive and negative feedback on their attempts to comfort a crying baby. According to their PSE resilience to negative feedback during the task, they were grouped in a high resilient and low resilient group. PSE was followed up at 32weeks of pregnancy and 3 and 12months after birth, while perceived temperament of the child was assessed at 3 and 12months after birth. Results showed that among women with low resilience against negative feedback, perceived negative temperament was negatively associated with PSE at 3months, whereas no such association was observed among women with high resilience against negative feedback. Implications of the concept of resilience for the study of PSE are discussed.

The characteristics of resilience and the relationships between resilience and social integration of disabled people

Objective To explore the characteristics of resilience and the relationships between resilience and social integration of disabled people. Methods By convenient sampling, a total of 702 disabled people were investigated by Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Social Integration Scale of the Disabled and self-made general questionnaire. Results The score of resilience of disabled people(53.27±18.21) was lower than chinese community people(65.4±13.9, t=-13.19, P<0.01). The resilience scores were significantly lower of the disabled people who came from rural areas, younger(≤ 24 years old) or older(≥ 60 years old), and were disabled from birth had poor family economic conditions, and had no insurances(P<0.05, P<0.01). But the disabled people who had university degree or above, married, working, and had warm and harmonious family atmosphere, had significantly higher resilience scores (P<0.05, P<0.01). The vesilience and three sub-factors were significantly correlated with social integration (r=0.38-0.66, P<0.01). The high resilience group had higher score in integration and three dimensions compared with the low resilience group(t=11.60-19.02, P<0.01). Tenacity and strength directly influenced the three dimensions of social integration (the path coefficient were 0.18-0.46, P<0.01) . Conclusion The resilience of the disabled people is lower, and there are close relationships between resilience and social integration.The training of tenacity and strength is beneficial to social integration of the disabled people. Key words: Resilience; Social integration; Disabled people

Genetic and environmental modulation of neurotrophic and anabolic stress response: Counterbalancing forces

The serotonin transporter genetic variant 5HTTLPR influences activation and feedback control of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, and has been shown to influence the effect of stressful life events on behavioral health. We recently reported that 5HTTLPR modulates cortisol response in healthy military men exposed to intense stress. Less is known of its combined effects with environmental factors in this context, or of its effect on neuroprotective stress responses. In this follow-up study, we examined the unique and combined effects of 5HTTLPR and prior trauma exposure on neuroprotective (salivary nerve growth factor [sNGF]), anabolic (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEAS] and testosterone), and catabolic (cortisol) stress responses. Ninety-three healthy, active-duty military men were studied before, during, and 24h after a stressful 12-day survival course. Distinct and interactive effects of 5HTTLPR long allele carriage [L] versus homozygous short allele carriage [SS]) and prior trauma exposure (low versus high) were evaluated, after which a priori group comparisons were performed between hypothesized high resilience (L/low) and low resilience (SS/high) groups. For sNGF, L/low produced the greatest sNGF throughout stress exposure while SS/high demonstrated the smallest; L/high and SS/low bisected these two extremes and were nearly identical to each other (i.e., SS/high<SS/low=L/high<L/low). Thus, 5HTTLPR and prior trauma exposure demonstrated counterbalancing (additive) forces. Similar patterns were found for DHEAS. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report counterbalancing genetic and environmental effects on novel biomarkers related to resilience in humans exposed to real-world stress. These findings have profound implications for health, performance and training in high-stress occupational settings.

Perfiles resilientes y calidad de vida en personas con discapacidad sobrevenida por accidentes de tráfico

ObjectivesTo identify distinct profiles of resilience in people with spinal cord injuries due to traffic accidents and to determine whether the profiles identified are related to differences in subjective well-being. MethodsThe Resilience Scale (Wagnild and Young, 1993) and an adapted quality of life scale (GENCAT) were administered to 98 people with physical disabilities due to traffic accidents. ResultsCluster analyses identified three different resilience profiles: a high-resilience group, a low-resilience group, and a group showing a predominance of high scores in self and life acceptance and social competence. The results also revealed statistically significant differences among profiles in most domains of subjective well-being. ConclusionThe results suggest the need to study resilience in greater depth and to design programs to enhance quality of life among people with disabilities due to traffic accidents.

Validation of the Korean version of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale-2 in firefighters and rescue workers

ObjectiveResilience has been considered as a protective factor against stress. Evaluating resilience in firefighters and rescue workers, who are frequently exposed to traumatic events, is important and relevant. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale-2 (CD-RISC2). MethodsTwo-hundred twenty-two current professional firefighters and rescue workers were assessed by standardized, semi-structured clinical interviews and self-report questionnaires. Internal consistency, correlation with the CD-RISC, convergent validity, divergent validity, and predictive validity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity were analyzed. ResultsThe CD-RISC2 demonstrated good internal consistency (α=0.75), item-total correlation (r=0.89–0.90), and convergent and divergent validity. The total score of the CD-RISC2 showed significant correlations with the subtotal of the remaining 23 CD-RISC items (r=0.77, p<0.001) and with the score of each CD-RISC item (r=0.15–0.66, all p<0.05). The magnitude of the relationship between the number of traumatic experiences and PTSD symptom severity was greater in the low resilience group than in the high resilience group (p for interaction=0.002). The likelihood-ratio test confirmed that the model predicting PTSD symptom severity based on the CD-RISC2 total score was not improved by the inclusion of subtotal scores of the remaining 23 CD-RISC items (χ2=0.31, p=0.58). ConclusionsThese results suggest that the CD-RISC2 would be a valuable tool in evaluating resilience quickly and efficiently in firefighters and rescue workers.

Association of Depression and Life Satisfaction with Low Resilience among Married Women of Karachi, Pakistan

Background: The concept of resilience is very crucial in promoting positive psychological well-being. However, this construct was never looked among married women of Karachi, Pakistan. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and the associated risk factors of resilience in Pakistan. Methods: It was a cross-sectional survey, using the Wagnild Resilience Scale (RS) to assess resilience, Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) for measuring depression and Trait Wellbeing Inventory for determining Life Satisfaction. Systematic sampling was employed to enroll 636 participants of aged 20 to 40 years living in two urban squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan. Prevalence ratio was computed with their 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 636 married women participated in the study. The average age of females with low resilience was 29.8 (5.7) whereas the mean age of females with high resilience was 31.1 (5.7). Around 90% of all the participants could speak in Urdu. The prevalence of low resilience among women was 21.9%. Moreover, the prevalence of depression among low resilience group was 43.9% whereas the mean life satisfaction score among females with low resilience was lower than females with high resilience. The females who had low resilience were younger and had no formal/informal education as compared to their counterparts. After controlling for other variables, the prevalence of low resilience was 1.78 times more among depressed females as compared to the non-depressed with a 95% CI: (1.27-2.51). Moreover with every one unit increase in the life satisfaction scores, the prevalence of low resilience decreased 9%. Furthermore, age and informal schooling were also found to be significantly associated with resilience. Conclusion: Depression and life satisfaction are the potential modifiable risk factors for resilience and hence we can improve resilience through interventions that may focus on reducing depression and improving satisfaction towards life. Our study also recommends that health care professionals should be educated about these modifiable risk factors to bring about a change in the society and reduce the mental health illness by promoting constructive adaptation.

A New Perspective in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Which Role for Unrecognized Autism Spectrum?

A New Perspective in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Which Role for Unrecognized Autism Spectrum?

The Development of the Scale of Protective Factors: Resilience in a Violent Trauma Sample.

This research developed the Scale of Protective Factors (SPF-24) to measure protective factors contributing to resilience. We investigated the factor structure of 35 items. After exploratory factor analysis, we subjected 25 items representing 2 social-interpersonal and 2 cognitive-individual factors to confirmatory factor analysis. The sample consisted of 942 college students from 3 studies and 2 institutions. To examine the diagnostic function of the SPF, we used clinical criteria to identify a subsample of participants who had experienced violent trauma and scored low, moderate, or high on an established resilience scale. Results showed that the low-resilient group scored significantly lower on all subscales of the SPF with marked differences in prioritizing/planning behavior. Implications for the research and clinical settings are discussed.

Psychological resilience moderates the impact of social support on loneliness of “left-behind” children

This study examined the moderator effect of psychological resilience on the relationship between social support and loneliness of the "left-behind" children. A total of 200 left-behind girls and 214 left-behind boys completed the measures of psychological resilience, social support, and loneliness. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that psychological resilience moderated the association between social support and loneliness. When left-behind children reported a low level of psychological resilience, those with high social support reported lower scores in loneliness than those with low social support. However, the impact of social support on loneliness was much smaller in the high psychological resilience group, compared with that in low psychological resilience group.

Personal resilience and post-traumatic stress symptoms of local government employees: six months after the 2011 magnitude 9.0 East Japan Earthquake

The Great East Japan Earthquake caused severe infrastructure damage in the Kanto and Tohoku regions, but the psychological stress of public sector employees in the Kanto region where tsunami damage was small has received little attention. This study examined the association between personal resilience and post-traumatic stress symptoms of local government employees in the Kanto region. In this cross-sectional study, all employees (N=2,069) of a single municipality in the Kanto region were recruited in September 2011, six months after the earthquake, and 991 completed the questionnaire (response rate, 47.9%). After excluding respondents who had missing values, the data from 825 respondents (607 males and 218 females) were analyzed. Post-traumatic stress symptoms were measured using the Impact Event Scale-Revised. Resilience was measured using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and divided into three groups on the basis of scores; low, moderate, and high. House damage and respondents or their families' experience of injury that were caused by the earthquake were assessed using single-item questions. Participants who reported house damage or injury were defined as being affected. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of post-traumatic stress symptoms (IES-R score ≥25) was calculated for the upper, middle, and low resilience score groups. Among the respondents, 4.6% experienced injuries within their families, 82.3% reported house damage, and thus 83.3% were affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Post-traumatic stress symptoms were significantly higher among the affected group and those with chronic diseases. After adjusting for the demographic and occupational characteristics, the likelihood of post-traumatic stress symptoms was greater in the low resilience group (Odds ratio: 2.10 [95% confidence interval = 1.31-3.37]). A significant negative relationship was observed between resilience and post-traumatic stress symptoms particularly in the affected group. Low personal resilience predicted post-traumatic stress symptoms among local government employees who experienced some house damage or injury during the Great East Japan Earthquake. This result may indicate that resilience reduces the onset of post-traumatic stress symptoms, even when faced by the difficulties imposed by a natural disaster such as an earthquake.

Examining Characteristics of Resilience among University Students: An International Study

Attending university is a particularly stressful time due to unique emergent stressors such as changes in environment, loss or diminishment of social support networks, academic pressures, developing peer relationships, and financial management. There is growing recognition that these common stressors may have deleterious effects on the mental health of students. Resilience, a personality characteristic that moderates the negative effects of stress and promotes adaptation, has been associated with increased psychological well-being. Despite a growing body of research on resilience and its clinical significance in preventing mental health problems, relatively little is known about contributing factors for resilience in well-adjusted university students. This current study examined the characteristics of university students reporting high and low resilience for elucidating its clinical implications in preventing mental health problem, primarily focusing on potentially modifiable psychosocial variables. An international sample of 214 university students recruited from Australia, the United States of America, and Hong Kong universities completed measures of resilience, perceived social support, campus connectedness, and psychological distress. Results of a one-way between groups multivariate analysis of variance revealed that perceived social support, campus connectedness, and psychological distress accounted for a significant proportion (36%) of the variance between the high and low resilience groups of university students. University students with low levels of resilience reported significantly lower levels of perceived social support, campus connectedness, and higher levels of psychological distress, in comparison to university students with high levels of resilience. Findings offer important implications for the development of resilience-based interventions among university students.

Reliability and validity of Connor-Davidson resilience scale in Chinese college students

Objective To examine the reliability and validity of Chinese revision of connor-davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC) in Chinese college students. Methods 1610 college students were tested with CD-RISC.783 of them took a more test by BFI and SCL-90 at the same time.After three weeks, 83 students were retested by CD-RISC. Results (1) The results of confirmatory factor analysis (χ2/df=6.632, RMSEA =0.059, GFI=0.934, AGFI=0.915, CFI=0.927, NFI=0.915) indicated that the three-factor model reasonably fitted Chinese college students. (2) The Cronabach α coefficients of the CD-RISC and three factors called adaptability, tenacity and autonomy were 0.914, 0.865, 0.784, 0.767 respectively; the mean inter-item correlation coefficients of them were 0.364, 0.417, 0.425, 0.398 respectively; the Guttman split-half coefficients were 0.888, 0.843, 0.707, 0.650 respectively; the retest-reliability coefficients were 0.856, 0.742, 0.777, 0.747.(3) The scores of the total scale of CD-RISC and three factors were significantly correlated to BFI and SCL-90(P<0.01). There were significant differences between the low-resilient group and the high-resilient group in every index of BFI and SCL-90. (4) There were significant differences between male and female students in CD-RISC and factor tenacity and autonomy(male: 2.77±0.60, 2.70±0.74, 2.65±0.68; female: 2.70±0.53, 2.62±0.67, 2.54±0.62; P<0.05) . Conclusion The Chinese version of CD-RISC is a reliable and valid method for assessing resilience in Chinese college students. Key words: Chinese revision of connor-davidson resilience scale; College students; Reliability; Validity

Changes of the individual heart rate variability under stress for college students with different level of resilience

Objective To study the changes of heart rate variability (HRV) in the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) among the college students with different level of resilience. Methods Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to test the resilience of 160 students in a Military Medical University, and according to the test results, 11 male students with high resilience and 11 students with low resilience were selected to participate the TSST experiment. The test were done according to the TSST standard procedures, heart rate (HR) and HRV were recorded 3 times (before and after the 1st and 25th minutes of TSST). Results ①The low-resilience group’s HR and HRV index were lower (including HRV VLF, LF and HF) than those in high resilience group(P<0.01). ②Compare with the HR baseline values, the HR peaked within the 1st minute of TSST and gradually reduced. The HR ((6.09±8.87)/min) evidently increased in the low-resilience group at the 1st minute (P<0.05). The VLF and HF powers of HRV in the high-resilience group were lower on the 1st minute and significantly higher on the 25th minute (VLF=(15.61±11.81)Hz, HF=(5.48±7.99)Hz, P<0.05). The LF ((84.92±13.30)Hz) power was significantly higher on the 1st minute and peaked on the 25th minute ((89.72±14.93)Hz, P<0.01). The LF/HF ratio (3.43±0.76) increased on the 1st minute and then gradually decreased (1.26±0.23, P<0.01). The VLF, LF and HF powers of HRV in the low-resilience group were significantly higher on the 1st minute. The VLF and LF power continued to increase and they peaked on the 25th minute, whereas the HF power significantly decreased to a minimum on the 25th minute (P<0.01). Within the 1st minute of the experiment, the LF/HF ratio (0.45±0.27) decreased and then gradually increased (1.91±0.40, P<0.01). Conclusion Under stress, individuals with higher resilience have higher HRV to cope with stress effectively and recover quickly. Key words: Heart rate variability; Resilience; Stress