Lower Reoperation Rate Research Articles

Perioperative Outcomes of Spring-Assisted Cranioplasty, Distraction Osteogenesis Versus Conventional Expansion in Craniosynostosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study compares perioperative outcomes between spring-assisted cranioplasty (SAC), distraction osteogenesis (DO) and conventional expansion in craniosynostosis surgery. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Retrospective and prospective cohort. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, alongside Gray literature sources (SSRN, Scopus preprint, and MedRxiv). Publication bias was assessed and study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa Scales (NOS). SAC or DO. Blood loss and blood transfusion. Thirteen studies were included, with 7 studies comparing DO versus conventional and 6 comparing SAC vs conventional. All studies met eligibility criteria for meta-analysis, with study quality ranged from good to very good. Compared to conventional, the SAC or DO significantly reduced blood loss (MD = -190.42 mL), and blood transfusion (MD = -227.22). Additionally, SAC and DO shorten operative time (MD = -94.38 min), anesthesia duration (MD = -114.81 min), hospital stay (MD = -0.68 days), and ICU stay (MD = -1.00 days). Long-term follow-up showed a lower reoperation rate (OR = 0.20), but no significant change in cranial index at 10 years (MD = 0.06, P = .74). SAC or DO result in lower perioperative complications, overall shorter durations, and reduced reoperation rates compared to conventional expansion. Standardized postoperative outcome reports are useful to classify the severity of complications and guide the future long-term treatment strategies for craniosynostosis surgery.

Surgical Approaches for Aortic Root Aneurysm: A Comparative Analysis of the David and Yacoub Techniques

Introduction: This paper compares the David and Yacoub procedures for valve-sparing aortic root replacement, two leading techniques for treating aortic root aneurysms while preserving the native aortic valve. Both methods aim to avoid prosthetic valve replacement and the need for lifelong anticoagulation. Material and Methods: We reviewed the technical nuances, clinical outcomes, and long-term durability of each technique, incorporating findings from recent and historical studies. Also, we'd like to present two case reports from our clinic showing the application of the David procedure. Results: The David procedure involves complete excision of the aortic root and reimplantation of the native aortic valve within a Dacron graft. It offers superior long-term durability and lower reoperation rates, particularly in younger patients and those with connective tissue disorders. In contrast, the Yacoub procedure entails partial root resection and remodeling with preservation of the sinuses of Valsalva, making it a viable option for older patients or those with isolated root dilation. Conclusions: Both the David and Yacoub procedures are advanced techniques for aortic root replacement, each with unique advantages and challenges. The David procedure, with its excellent durability, has consistently delivered successful outcomes. It is especially beneficial for younger patients and those with connective tissue disorders, supporting its role as a preferred approach for long-term outcomes in this population.

Low rates of dislocation and reoperation following robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is widely used for active, elderly patients with femoral neck fractures (FNF). Compared to THA for osteoarthritis, THA for FNF is associated with a higher incidence of dislocation and reoperation. Robotic assistance may improve component positioning and leg-length restoration in THA, but its use in FNF has not been described. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and perioperative outcomes of robotic-assisted THA (rTHA) for FNF. A retrospective review identified 93 patients undergoing 94 THAs for FNF from 2016 to 2023. 18 patients treated with MAKOplasty rTHA were compared to 76 non-rTHA. There were 69 (73%) women, the mean age was 71 years, and the mean follow-up was 3 years. There was no significant difference in operative time between rTHA and non-rTHA cohorts (100 vs. 108 minutes, p = 0.19), and sub-analysis of acute FNFs (< 6 weeks), showed no difference in the meantime from presentation to surgery (18 vs. 25 hours, p = 0.24). There was no significant difference in mean leg-length discrepancy (LLD) (p = 0.19), number of outliers for acetabular anteversion (p = 0.80), or inclination (p = 0.55). There were no postoperative dislocations or reoperations in the rTHA cohort, compared to 4 dislocations (5%) and 6 reoperations (8%) in the non-rTHA cohort (p = 1.00 and 0.59, respectively). In this series of THA for FNF, robotic assistance did not significantly delay the time to surgery or increase the operative time compared to non-rTHA. At a mean follow-up of 3 years, there were no postoperative dislocations or reoperations in the rTHA cohort.

The benefits of intramedullary osteosynthesis in proximal humerus fractures

Relevance. Proximal humerus fractures constitute 5 to 6% of all fractures in adults and are the third most common osteoporotic fracture. Advanced surgical techniques, accumulated knowledge and practical experience, as well as new evolving implants have expanded the indications for surgical treatment. Dedicated studies, however, fail to outline any superior and convincingly outperforming surgical treatment option.The objective is to find out most optimal treatment options by comparing the results in patients with proximal humerus fractures who underwent either blocked intramedullary osteosynthesis (BIOS) or osteosynthesis with precontoured angular stable LCP humerus plates (LCP).Methods. The study included 534 patients with proximal humerus fractures who underwent surgical reconstruction between 2015 and 2024, including 503 (94.2%) patients undergoing BIOS and 31 (5.8%) patients undergoing open LCP repositioning.Results and discussion. The treatment results were assessed in 173 (32.4 %) patients. The postoperative follow-up did not exceed 8 months. BIOS technique allowed to achieve favorable results in terms of absence of pain, restored joint function and scope of movement, as well as low re-operation rate. LCP osteosynthesis showed a slightly poorer performance for all the studies parameters.Conclusion. Blocked intramedullary osteosynthesis is a safe and efficient treatment option in proximal humerus fractures, associated with reliable stabilization, minimized tissue trauma, intact blood supply, low risk of postoperative wound infection, decreased operation time, and early rehabilitation without complications. However, the use of intramedullary pins is not a ‘one-size-fit-all’ treatment strategy. The treatment decision should be supported by advanced diagnostics, taking into account the type of fracture, bone tissue quality and concomitant pathologies, as well as patient’s individual characteristics and expectations.

Arthroscopy Is at Least as Effective as Arthrotomy for Treatment of Septic Arthritis in Adults: A Systematic Review of Large and Intermediate Joints.

Surgical options for septic arthritis include open arthrotomy or an arthroscopic procedure. The optimal surgical technique remains a matter of debate as acceptable results have been reported for both. To evaluate the efficacy of arthroscopy versus arthrotomy for the treatment of septic arthritis in large and intermediate-sized joints. Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. A literature search was performed of the PubMed and Cochrane online databases through September 2023 identifying articles comparing arthroscopy with arthrotomy for the treatment of septic arthritis. Eligible articles included retrospective or prospective comparative studies investigating reoperation, perioperative complications, or clinical outcomes after arthroscopic or open treatment for septic arthritis of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, or ankle in adults. In total, 23 articles with 34,248 patients met the inclusion criteria comparing arthroscopy with arthrotomy. In 14 of the 20 (70%) studies that reported on reoperation rates, there was no significant difference in arthroscopic versus open surgical management for septic arthritis. Four (20%) studies reported lower reoperation rates when arthroscopy was utilized compared with open arthrotomy. One single-institution study found arthrotomy to be more effective for shoulder septic arthritis, and another favored open surgery only in the presence of erosions. In 11 of 23 (47.8%) studies, no difference in complications or clinical outcomes was found. However, 11 of 23 (47.8%) studies comprising the shoulder, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle reported a significant benefit to arthroscopy for improved outcomes. Arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of septic arthritis involving the shoulder, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle appears to be safe and effective. Reoperation rates, short-term complications, and functional outcomes tend to be similar or in favor of arthroscopy when compared with arthrotomy.

Return to Work, Sport, and Sport- Related Activity After Distal Triceps Tendon Repair: A Systematic Review.

Distal triceps tendon injuries are relatively rare injuries, often occurring in highly active patients with physically demanding jobs or lifestyles. Information on return to work, sport, and activity is essential for patient education and counseling after a distal triceps tendon rupture. To determine the rates of return to work, sport, and sport-related activity after distal triceps tendon repair. Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus were queried from the earliest record through January 12, 2024. Articles were included if they examined return to various activities (exercise, sport, work, or military duty) after distal triceps tendon repair. Data on return to sport/work/activity were collected as well as information on patient satisfaction, pre-existing medical history or medication use (ie, anabolic steroids or corticosteroids), and complications. Article quality was assessed via the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) scale. Of 164 articles initially retrieved, 10 retrospective studies were included. Patients (n = 318; 74.2% male, 25.8% female) who underwent distal triceps tendon repair had a mean age of 44.7 ± 5.5 years with a mean follow-up time of 52.6 ± 21.4 months. After distal triceps tendon repair, 93.3% of patients (112/120) returned to sport, 95.3% (81/85) returned to military duty, and 92.6% (100/108) returned to work. Of the studies that evaluated satisfaction, the majority of patients reported high satisfaction after surgery. The overall complication rate (ranging from persistent pain and wound complications to nerve injuries and reruptures) after distal triceps tendon repair was 18.0%, the rerupture rate (complete and partial) was 7.2%, and the reoperation rate was 3.9%, with all partial reruptures undergoing nonoperative care. A distal triceps tendon rupture is a rare but potentially challenging injury, traditionally occurring in an active population, and often requires surgical repair. Importantly, >90% of an active-duty military population, athletes, and the general workforce was able to return to sport or their respective activity after surgery. Furthermore, there was high patient satisfaction and low rates of complications and reoperations after distal triceps tendon repair.

The impact of lower thoracic versus upper lumbar upper instrumented vertebra in minimally invasive correction of adult spinal deformity.

The goal of this study was to compare the impact of using a lower thoracic (LT) versus upper lumbar (UL) level as the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) on clinical and radiographic outcomes following minimally invasive surgery for adult spinal deformity. A multicenter retrospective study design was used. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years, and one of the following: coronal Cobb angle > 20°, sagittal vertical axis > 50 mm, pelvic tilt > 20°, pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch > 10°. Patients were treated with circumferential or hybrid minimally invasive techniques at ≥ 3 spinal levels and had a 2-year minimum follow-up. They were then divided into 2 groups depending on whether the UIV was in the UL region, defined as a UIV location of L1-2, or the LT region, defined as T10-12. A total of 114 of 223 patients met the inclusion criteria (68 LT and 46 UL). The UL group was older (67.5 vs 62.3 years; p = 0.015). Preoperative spinopelvic parameters were similar, except for sacral slope, which was higher in the UL group (30.5° vs 26.5°; p < 0.001). The percentage of patients with fixation crossing the lumbosacral junction was also similar (70.6% vs 67.4%; p = 0.717). Postoperative lumbar lordosis (42.5° vs 35.5°; p = 0.01) and change in coronal Cobb angle (-23.2° vs -9.6°; p < 0.001) were greater in the LT group, but other changes in postoperative spinopelvic parameters and changes in health-related quality-of-life scores were similar between groups. Reoperation rates were lower in the UL group (17.4% vs 36.8%; p = 0.025), largely associated with fewer radiographic failures (UL = 10.9% vs LT = 26.5%; p = 0.042); however, overall complication rates were not significantly different (UL = 43.5% vs LT = 60.3%; p = 0.077). Selecting a UL vertebra for UIV in minimally invasive surgical correction of adult spinal deformity results in lower reoperation rates compared to extending fixation to the LT region. This choice also correlates with shorter operating room times and reduced estimated blood loss. Although extending fixation to the LT region is associated with slightly greater lumbar lordosis and a greater change in the coronal Cobb angle, clinical outcomes were similar between the LT and UL groups for UIV.

Comparison of Recruitment Method on Clinical Outcomes Following Cervical Disc Arthroplasty.

Retrospective cohort. To compare the clinical outcomes of trial versus standard clinical practice (SCP) patients following cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA). CDA is hypothesized to reduce the shear strain and related complications resulting from fusion procedures. CDA has gained significant traction in recent decades. The typical non-trial patient undergoing CDA does not undergo the same level of preoperative scrutiny as those treated in formal clinical trials. Concerns exist about diverging clinical outcomes between these groups. This investigation retrospectively reviews prospectively collected data on one and two-level CDA patients from C3-T1. Patients were recruited into randomized, controlled trials or SCP practice beginning in 2002 or 2018, respectively. One-year minimum follow-up was required. Hybrid constructs and prior cervical spine surgical history have been excluded. Clinical assessments included reoperation history and the patient-reported outcome measures of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) neck, VAS arm, and Neck Disability Index (NDI). Data was collected at the preoperative, postoperative, one-year, two-year, three-year, five-year, and ten-year time points. One hundred and sixty-eight patients underwent CDA at 193 cervical levels, including 104 trial patients and 64 SCP patients. Mean follow-up for the entire cohort was 6.1 years (0.9 - 20.4 years). Eight unique disc designs were utilized. Trial patients had a greater proportion of females and longer follow-up duration (P<0.05). Trial patients had significantly worse preoperative clinical scores with greater improvements at each follow-up time point. SCP patients had significantly higher index-level reoperation rates at five years. Trial patients have lower rates of reoperation and improved clinical performance which could be in part due to more stringent selection criteria. This study is limited by long-term SCP response rates. Additional studies with larger cohorts are needed to improve our understanding of disc implant performance.

Looped Penrose Drainages of Acute Hand Infections in Vulnerable Populations.

Acute hand infections (AHIs) remain a challenge for hand surgeons and represent a condition for which clinical outcomes are considerably affected by social barriers. We previously described the looped Penrose drainage technique, where a drain is sutured to itself in a loop and the outflow tract of egress is maintained, thus obviating the need for large incisions, wound closure, or repeat packing, thereby reducing the follow-up burden. In the face of escalating numbers of socioeconomically vulnerable patients, especially in urban settings, we aimed to characterize the clinical features and outcomes of this technique in an urban population of patients with AHI. A review of all surgical irrigations of AHI by a single, fellowship-trained hand surgeon at an urban hospital from 2013 through 2021 was performed. Patient demographics, procedure details, and postprocedure outcomes were analyzed. Fifty-three patients (average age, 48.6 years) with AHI underwent surgical irrigations with the looped Penrose drainage technique. The majority of patients were Black (50.9%). Approximately 81.1% of the patients received public insurance, 22.6% were unemployed, 35.9% had annual incomes <$40,000, and 17% experienced homelessness. Overall, 34% were lost to follow-up with the Penrose still intact, including 78% of those who were homeless. Most of the cases occurred on the hand, with involvement of the deep spaces (24.5%), tenosynovitis (39.3%), and bone (1.9%). Recurrent infection (1.9%) and abscess formation (5.7%) led to one reoperation (1.9%). There were no amputations or readmissions, and all postoperative emergency department visits (7.1%) were discharged. The looped Penrose technique is a simple and less invasive alternative to traditional incision and drainage with packing and serves as an effective single-episode intervention strategy for AHIs, particularly in patients with complex social challenges because of the ease of wound management and low rates of readmission and reoperation. Therapeutic IV.

DynaCT biliary reconstruction via a 3D C-arm cholangiography system: clinical application in hepatolithiasis.

Dyna computed tomography (DynaCT) is an innovative clinical imaging tool used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) images of biliary structures via the Artis Zee DSA system (SIEMENS Company, Germany). DynaCT is a type of 3D cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) reconstruction produced from a two-dimensional (2D) cholangiography system by rotating the C-arm without moving the patient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical approach and application value of DynaCT to diagnosis hepatolithiasis and biliary stenosis. This was a retrospective single-centre series of 37 hepatolithiasis patients with tubes receiving one-step percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotripsy (one-step PTCSL) between October 2021 and October 2022: twenty-one patients were guided by CT (CT group) and sixteen by DynaCT biliary reconstruction (DynaCT group). We compared DynaCT biliary reconstruction technology with computed tomography (CT) in the application of bile ducts. DynaCT biliary reconstruction was successfully performed in 37 patients. Biliary stenosis, including anatomy, morphology, and size, was visualized via DynaCT. Compared with the CT group, the DynaCT group was characterized by significantly more target biliary branches with stones (92 vs. 48, P < 0.05), a higher percentage of secondary stenosis (75.76% vs. 24.24%, p < 0.05), a greater percentage of biliary infection (37.5% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.041), a shorter overall stone clearance time (26.38 ± 13.49 vs. 52.67 ± 30.10, P = 0.001), and a lower rate of reoperation for residual stones (25.00% vs. 66.67%, P = 0.012). DynaCT had a lower contrast agent (25.61 ± 5.13 vs. 42.69 ± 11.15, p < 0.05). However, DynaCT increased radiation exposure (38.12 ± 10.59 vs. 25.79 ± 4.76, p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the clearance ratio of the calculus or several postoperative complications. DynaCT for biliary reconstruction has the potential to be a powerful evaluation tool for one-step PTCSL surgery and could lead to new possibilities for hepatobiliary surgery. DynaCT was used for the first time in patients with hepatolithiasis and biliary stenosis. Compared with CT, DynaCT for biliary reconstruction results in higher-quality 3D biliary, blood vessel and liver images. On the basis of the DynaCT biliary model, one-step PTCSL has the potential to improve the stone clearance ratio and shorten the stone clearance time and reoperation ratio.

Abstract 4137869: Ross Procedure for Correction of Congenitally Unicuspid Aortic Valve: A Paradigm Shift?

Case 1: A 54-yr-old man reported exertional dyspnea for 3 months, with a systolic murmur on exam. TTE noted severe aortic stenosis, moderate insufficiency and possible bicuspid valve morphology. Coronary angiogram showed no obstructive disease. CT chest showed a 5-cm ascending aortic aneurysm. CT surgery evaluation was sought, and patient had a Ross procedure with aortic hemiarch repair. Intra-operative TEE confirmed a congenitally unicommissural, unicuspid aortic valve (UAV). A 7-month follow-up TTE showed a normal aortic and pulmonic prosthetic gradient. Case 2: A 46-yr-old lady reported progressive exercise intolerance, with a systolic murmur and faint S2 noted on exam. TTE showed severe aortic stenosis. MR angiogram showed a unicuspid valve and a mildly dilated aortic root. The patient was evaluated by CT surgery and underwent Ross procedure. TTE 4 years later showed a normal aortic and a moderately elevated pulmonic prosthetic gradient. Patient continues to exercise without limitations. Discussion: UAV is a rare entity with an incidence of 0.02%. It has a bimodal distribution, in infants and adults, with the unicommissural type more common in adults. Due to rapid progression of valvular disease, the mean age at diagnosis is 42 years. Concurrent aortic dilatation is present in 48% patients. Management of UAV is a matter of ongoing investigation. Classically, young patients with aortic valve disease underwent mechanical AVR. Ross procedure was under-utilized due to concerns about the surgical complexity and potential need for re-operation of the aortic and pulmonic grafts. However, recent studies show promising results. Patients with UAV have lower reoperation rates after a Ross procedure compared to a repair alone. Furthermore, a Ross procedure confers mortality benefit over mechanical AVR with no significant difference in immediate perioperative complications and mortality, although, this needs further investigation in a UAV cohort. Our cases support the feasibility of a Ross procedure for UAV, in providing a durable solution while avoiding anticoagulation in young patients. As Ross procedure is performed in limited centers, patients with UAV should be referred to such centers for definitive management.

Management of Failed Fixation of Extracapsular Hip Fractures.

Background Extracapsular hip fractures are routinely treated with fixation, and the majority heal without complication. The fixation fails in a minority of cases, typically either by 'cutting out' of the superior femoral heador through breakage of the metalwork following non-union. In such cases, if operative treatment is thought appropriate, there are two major treatment options: revision fixation of the fractureor joint replacement surgery. Methods Medline on OvidSP was searched using relevant medical-specific subject headings (MeSH) and keywords. The inclusion criteria were: study regarding management of failed extracapsular hip fracture fixation (not osteoarthritis alone, following such surgery), mean age >60 years, comparative study of joint replacement vs. revision fixation. The search returned 1053 results, of which twowere relevant. Both studies were considered poor quality and neither study was randomised. Instead, outcomes from the current Hospital Trust were used instead through a prospectively generated trauma database. Results From the trauma database, 37 patients (mean age 81), of whom 21 had received cephalomedullary nails and the remainder dynamic hip screw (DHS), were identified. Fourteen patients underwent revision fixation (seven cephalomedullary nail; seven blade plate), while 23 underwent hip replacement (17 total hip replacement; six hemiarthroplasty). Although the difference did not reach statistical significance according to the log-rank test (p = 0.233), there is a trend towards lower re-operation rate following joint replacement, with the difference becoming apparent after over one year's follow-up. Conclusion Despite the quality of evidence, the default operation for failed extracapsular hip fracture fixation should be joint replacement, based on a likely lower re-operation rate and permitting immediate full-weight-bearing. In selected instances, particularly younger patients and those who can partially-weight-bear, revision fixation would still be considered. As the number of hip fractures continues to increase both within the UK and worldwide, we can expect to see more patients with previous failed fixations, and more evidence regarding the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment strategies is required.

Concomitant Arthroscopic Superior Labral and Rotator Cuff Repair: A Systematic Review.

The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on concomitant repair of superior labral and rotator cuff tears, in light of the paucity of published clinical evidence. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses compliant search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was performed for clinical studies of patients undergoing combined repairs of the rotator cuff and superior labrum. Ten studies comprising 241 shoulders were included, with a mean age of 52.6 years and mean follow-up of 29.0 months; 67.9% were male patients. Functional outcomes included the mean postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Score of 88.6, University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Score of 30.6, constant score of 90.4, Simple Shoulder Test score of 8.6, and visual analog scale score of 1.1. Range of motion outcomes demonstrated mean postoperative forward flexion of 159°, external rotation of 68°, and internal rotation of 17°. The overall return-to-play rate was 76.8%, with 67.9% returning to preinjury level. The overall complication rate was 4.1% with an 18.9% rate of rotator cuff retear and 2.4% reoperation rate. Arthroscopic concomitant repair of superior labral and rotator cuff tears results in good functional outcomes and range of motion, along with a low reoperation rate. Among athletes, there are moderate rates of return but lower rates of return to the same level of play. Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Patient-Level Factors, Outcomes, and Costs Associated With Facility Transfer Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Database Study

BackgroundPatient disposition following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has major implications for patient outcomes and costs. Current studies are limited in sample size and dates of data collection. We evaluated patient factors, outcomes, and costs associated with disposition to a facility following TKA. MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study including 1,906,670 patients undergoing TKA from a nationwide database, from the years 2016 to 2020. Of these, 25,485 (1.34%) patients were transferred to a facility for rehabilitation. Demographic data, hospital-related outcomes, and postoperative complications were collected. Multivariate regression was performed to assess outcomes associated with facility transfer for rehabilitation. ResultsPatients were more likely to be transferred if they were women (odds ratio (OR) = 1.10; P < 0.001), greater than 80 years (OR = 2.25; P < 0.001), had an increased Elixhauser comorbidity index (OR = 1.38; P < 0.001), or were in the lowest income quartile (OR = 1.38; P < 0.001). Transferred patients were more likely to experience medical (OR = 1.92; P < 0.001) and surgical complications (OR = 2.74; P < 0.001), including vascular complications (OR = 2.07; P < 0.001), neurologic complications (OR = 5.72; P < 0.001), and dislocation (OR = 2.01; P < 0.001). They also had greater hospital lengths of stay (OR = 5.27; P < 0.001) and hospital charges (OR = 1.88; P < 0.001); however, they were less likely to undergo reoperation within 30 days (OR = 0.61; P = 0.002). ConclusionsElderly, lower income patients who had more comorbidities are more likely to be transferred to a facility following TKA. While there are associated increased costs, complications, and hospital lengths of stay, there are lower rates of reoperation for those who transferred to a facility after TKA.

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Acute Proximal Humerus Fractures: Is Delay Associated With an Increased Rate of Reoperation?

To compare reoperation rates of acute versus delayed reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) following a period of nonoperative treatment for proximal humerus fractures (PHFs). We also aimed to identify an optimal time interval from PHF to RTSA before the risk of reoperation significantly increased. . Database review. Ontario, Canada. Adults aged 50 years and older who sustained a PHF (OTA/AO 11A-C) between 2004 and 2019 were included. Exclusion criteria included polytrauma, open fractures, non-Ontario residents, invalid health insurance, and any operative treatment before RTSA. The primary outcome measure was reoperation within 2 years following RTSA. A risk-adjusted, restricted cubic spline was used to model the probability of reoperation according to the time elapsed between PHF and RTSA to identify a time point at which the risk of reoperation significantly increased. A multivariate logistics regression was used to identify predictors. In total, 891 patients (685 acute, 206 delayed) underwent RTSA for PHF. The acute cohort had a significantly lower reoperation rate (3.9%) compared with the delayed cohort (8.3%) (P = 0.02). The odds of reoperation increased with a delay to RTSA greater than 28 days and continued to rise until 100 days after fracture. Patients who underwent RTSA 28 days after PHF were found to have a significantly higher odds of reoperation by 2 years (P = 0.03). Among patients undergoing RTSA for acute PHFs, a delay to surgery greater than 28 days is associated with a greater odds of reoperation and may be useful when counseling patients. Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Current Trends in the Treatment of Pediatric Hydrocephalus: A Narrative Review Centered on the Indications, Safety, Efficacy, and Long-Term Outcomes of Available Treatment Modalities.

The pathophysiologic substrate of pediatric hydrocephalus has not been thoroughly elucidated. Valve-based shunt systems have constituted the main therapeutic option since the late 1950s. The initially used systems were concerning the ventricular system and the atrium. In the 1970s, VA shunts were not the main stay of treatment as the preferred option for the terminal end of the drainage system was the peritoneum. Our review analyzes these valve types and attempts a comparison, based on their functional characteristics. Nowadays, the only available surgical alternative for the treatment of hydrocephalus is ETV. This technique is associated with lower infection rates as well as, on average, a lower re-operation rate. Another term that deserves special mention is related to the outcome of ETV in children who had a medical history of previously incorporated shunts and who were subsequently suffering from shunt malfunction. Well-recognized predictive factors associated with secondary ETV failure include age, early onset of hydrocephalus, and prematurity. Although several attempts have been made in order to establish the optimum surgical treatment management in the different subgroups of patientswho are suffering from shunt dysfunction, there is no universal agreement. Therefore, this review attempts to identify the specific subpopulations of patients in whom the insertion of a drainage system as the preferred treatment modality is associated with an optimum long-term prognosis, compared to ETV, and vice versa. The objective of our study is to analyze the safety, efficacy, and outcomes of drainage devices and ETV in pediatric hydrocephalus patients.

Incidence and factors associated with mitral valve reoperation in patients undergoing intervention for mitral regurgitation: a nationwide cohort study

Abstract Background When intervention is needed for the treatment of mitral regurgitation, the risk of reoperation is of concern for both patients and physicians. As such, contemporary and nationwide data on the incidence and factors associated with mitral reoperation can provide crucial information to support patient education and clinical follow-up after intervention. Purpose To examine the incidence of mitral reoperation in patients operated for mitral regurgitation. Second, to assess whether reoperation rates differed according to time since surgery and identify potential factors associated with reoperation. Methods Using Danish nationwide registries, patients undergoing first-time surgery for mitral regurgitation 1996–2021 were identified. Exclusion included first-time surgery due to endocarditis. According to index surgery, the population was categorized into 1) mitral repair; 2) mechanical prosthesis; 3) bioprosthesis. Patients were followed from date of discharge. Cumulative incidence of reoperation was examined using competing risk analysis during a maximum of 20-years follow-up. Crude incidence rates of reoperation were reported from 0-6 months and for overall study period. Multivariate Cox analysis was used to examine factors associated with reoperation. Results We identified 7,063 patients: 4,680 (66.3%) with repair (72% male, median age 66), 1,273 (18.0%) with mechanical prosthesis (52% male, median age 59), and 1,110 (15.7%) with bioprosthesis (57% male, median age 74). Median follow-up was 7.2 years, 10.7 years, and 4.5 years, respectively. At end of follow-up, cumulative incidences were 7.7% for repair, 6.8% for mechanical prostheses, and 7.5% for bioprostheses. Of these, reoperation was preceded by endocarditis in 8.0%, 21.5%, and 30.4% of the respective patient groups. The cumulative incidence function demonstrates that the highest proportion of reoperations occurred within first six months, Figure 1. From 0-6 months following surgery, incidence rates per 100 person-years were 9.1 for repair, 11.7 for mechanical prostheses, and 18.4 for bioprostheses, while this was 8.6, 9.4, and 17.0, respectively for the overall study period. Factors associated with increased rate of reoperation were heart failure (HR=1.80, 95% CI 1.40-2.32), chronic renal failure (HR=1.48, 95% CI 1.11-1.98) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) (HR=1.34, 95% CI 1.01-1.77), Figure 2. Compared to mitral repair, mechanical prostheses were associated with lower rate of reoperation (HR=0.57, 95% CI 0.42-0.78), while there was no statistically significant difference between repair and bioprostheses (HR=1.10, 95% CI 0.81-1.50). Conclusion In patients operated for mitral regurgitation, cumulative incidences of reoperation with a maximum of 20-year follow-up were 7.7% for repair, 6.8% for mechanical prostheses, and 7.5% for bioprostheses. Comorbidities such as heart failure, renal failure and COPD were associated with increased risk of reoperation.Figure 1Figure 2

Less Is (Sometimes) More: Laparoscopic Peritoneal Lavage and Drainage for Diverticulitis.

Introduction: Laparoscopic lavage and drainage (LLD) emerged as an alternative to Hartmann's procedure (HP) for patients with diverticulitis and uncontained perforation. Although initially popular as a less invasive approach, its use in modern practice is in question. This summary will review the available literature to show techniques, outcomes, and indications. Methods: The literature was reviewed for relevant case studies, randomized trials, prospective series, retrospective analyses, and meta-analyses to define peritoneal lavage and determine the clinical outcomes of peritoneal lavage. Results: LLD can be considered on an individual basis for Hinchey III diverticulitis (purulent peritonitis), but there are several contraindications. The extent of adhesionolysis (limited versus extensive) as well as the management of sites of perforation found during surgery are debated. Most surgeons continue lavage with warm saline until water runs clear and place drains in the operation. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the LADIES, SCANDIV, and DILALA trials compared LLD with either resection and anastomosis or Hartmann's procedure. One other RCT (the LapLAND trial) is still with results pending. The LADIES trial studied LLD versus primary anastomosis and resection in Hinchey III diverticulitis and was terminated early secondary to higher 30-day morbidity in the LLD arm; however, 3-year data showed no significant difference in morbidity and mortality. The SCANDIV trial compared LLD with resection in acute diverticulitis (Hinchey I-III) and saw no difference in 90-day morbidity or mortality; however, it noted higher rates of reoperation in the LLD group. The DILALA trial compared Hinchey III diverticulitis patients undergoing LLD with open HP and found that the LLD group had a lower rate of reoperation at 2 years, but no difference in rates of readmission or mortality. Conclusions: Debate still remains over the technique of LLD and specific indications, as well as outcomes compared with resection and primary anastomosis or HP.

Long-term outcomes following aortic valve replacement in bioprosthetic vs mechanical valves

BackgroundAortic valve disease(AVD) accounts for 33 % of valvular heart disease(VHD) but causes over 60 % of VHD mortality. For surgical AVR, mechanical valves are recommended for patients <50 years old and bioprosthetic valves for those >70 years old. ObjectivesTo investigate the long-term differences following AV replacement(AVR) comparing bioprosthetic and mechanical valves in patients aged 50–70. Methods4,927 patients underwent AVR, 744 of which were propensity-matched 2:1 for bioprosthetic and mechanical valves. Outcomes included mortality, morbidity, and rates of reoperation. ResultsThe average age of the propensity-matched groups was 57 and 56.7 years, and female sex accounted for 26.4 % and 25.0 % for the bioprosthetic and mechanical valve groups, respectively. Other baseline demographics and comorbidities were similar between the groups. There were no deaths at 30 days and complication rates did not differ between groups(p > 0.05). Mortality at 1, 5, and 15 years was similar between groups. Reoperation rates at 5 and 10 years did not significantly differ between bioprosthetic and mechanical valves(p = 0.84, p = 0.31), although at 15-year follow-up, patients with bioprosthetic valves were more likely to require reoperation(21.2 % versus 9.7 %, adjusted hazard ratio 3.65, 95 % confidence interval 1.07–12.5, p = 0.0.39). ConclusionsPatients receiving AVR from 50 to 70 years old have similar long-term outcomes irrespective of whether they received bioprosthetic or mechanical valves, with only reoperation being significantly different at 15 years follow-up. With low rates of reoperation, mortality, and avoidance of anticoagulation, bioprosthetic valves are a reasonable option for patients 50–70 years old, although mechanical valves still provide a durability benefit for young patients.

Incidence and factors associated with mitral valve reoperation in patients undergoing surgery for mitral regurgitation: A nationwide cohort study

BackgroundWhen patients undergo surgery for mitral regurgitation, risk of reoperation is of concern. AimsTo examine the incidence and factors associated with mitral reoperation following surgery for mitral regurgitation according to type of surgery. MethodsPatients undergoing first-time surgery for mitral regurgitation, 1996–2021, were identified from nationwide registries. According to index surgery, the population was categorized into 1) mitral repair; 2) mechanical prostheses; 3) bioprostheses. Patients were followed from discharge with a maximum of 15 years of follow-up and cumulative incidence of reoperation was examined. Multivariable Cox analysis was used to examine factors associated with reoperation. ResultsWe identified 6958 patients: 4624 with mitral repair (72 % male, median age 66), 1250 with mechanical prosthesis (52 % male, median age 59), and 1084 with bioprosthesis (57 % male, median age 74). Cumulative incidence of reoperation was 7.3 % for repair (median 7.2 years follow-up), 6.1 % for mechanical prostheses (median 10.9 years follow-up), and 7.1 % for bioprostheses (median 4.5 years follow-up). Within first year, 22.6 % of reoperations were preceded by infective endocarditis. In long-term follow-up, bioprosthetic replacement was associated with a higher reoperation rate, while increasing age, male sex and mechanical prosthesis were associated with lower reoperation rate. ConclusionsIn patients operated for mitral regurgitation, reoperation was infrequent at approximately 7 % for all intervention types during a maximum of 15-year follow-up. In adjusted analysis, bioprosthetic replacement was associated with a higher rate of reoperation, while increasing age, male sex and mechanical prosthesis was associated with a lower rate of reoperation.