Low Soybean Productivity Research Articles

Mutagenesis of soybean var. Kipas Putih

The low availability of superior soybean varieties that can adapt to Indonesia’s diverse environment and agroecosystem is the cause of low soybean production. On November 3, 1992, the Kipas Putih variety from Aceh was released as a National variety. This variety is not popular and does not meet the tempe industry criteria because the seed size is relatively small when compared to other superior varieties such as the Dega1, Biosoy, and Grobogan varieties. The Kipas Putih soybean variety weighs 12 g for 100 seeds an average dry weight production capacity of 1.69 tons ha-1, and a protein and fat content of 35% and 20.5%. To improve the quality of the Kipas Putih soybean variety, mutations carried out using gamma ray radiation at Patir Batan, Pasar Minggu – Jakarta. Research results from the mass selection process to the 8th generation (M8) produces several lines that weigh 100 grains between 14 - 18 g and a protein content of between 40 - 48%, which exceeds the characteristics of the Kipas Putih. The seed weight per plant of the M8 Kipas Putih soybean mutant line was higher than that of the Kipas Putih (parent) variety and the Dega1 variety. Most of the qualitative characters of the mutant lines were no different from their parent Kipas Putih variety. Most of the qualitative characters of the mutant lines were no different from their parents the Kipas Putih variety. This shows that mutation using gamma ray radiation can change quantitative characters such as the number of seeds per plant and the weight of 100 seeds.

Injection System Cultiving Machine for Plant Soybean in Panduman Village, Jelbuk District, Jember District

This low soybean production is caused by various factors, including farming technology that is still not good, the readiness and skills of soybean farmers are still lacking, The current conventional/traditional system used by farmers to grow soybeans is to make holes with a small hole or wood. After that put 2-3 soybean seeds in each hole and then cover it with soil, this kind of activity takes a long time, causing discomfort for farmers or farm workers. The target of this activity is farmers by encouraging them planting soybeans in Panduman Village which is still possible from a geographical point of view and directing profit-oriented farming in an effective planting time process. In the planting activity, the design prototype planted soybeans in 2 planting rows with a working capacity of ≤ 18 hours/ha with a seed output of 2-3 seeds/planting hole and a planting depth of 3-5 cm and regular spacing of 40 cm and the seeds were covered with soil cover. The design of the development of this planting machine is considered quite good in planting soybeans.

The role of PME and ADH enzymes in seed deterioration and its implication for producing high quality soybean seed

Soybean seeds are member of the orthodox seeds group which suseptable to deterioration. The low quality of soybean seeds used by farmers is one of the causes of the low soybean productivity at the farmer level. Pectin methylesterase (PME) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes have been studied in relation to seed deterioration. Increase in seed moisture content is strongly suspected to be the initial occurrence and increase in PME enzyme activity which then followed by ADH enzyme activity in a series of biochemical reactions leading to the accumulation of acetaldehyde-protein adducts (APA) in soybean seeds. The APA contributes to deterioration of seeds. Thus, the increase in APA in soybean seeds may be used as an indicator of the level of deterioration of soybean seeds. Since high seed moisture content contributes to the initiation of PME activity in seeds, soybean seed production in the rainy season is not recommended because it will produce seeds with low physiological quality due to high PME activity so that the seeds cannot be stored for long-term period.

Effects of Potassium Application on Yield, Protein and Oil Content of Selected Soybean Varieties in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya

There is low soybean production due to poor agronomic techniques, such as sub-optimal application of fertilizer among other factors. There are limited studies on the effects of potassium fertilizer application which is crucial in productivity, quality, and drought resistance. A study was conducted at the Kenya Agricultural Livestock and Research Organization, Kitale demonstration farm to determine the effects of potassium fertilizer application on the yield and quality of soybean varieties. A 3 x 4 factorial experiment was laid down in Randomised Complete Block Design and replicated three times. The study had two factors, that is three soybean varieties (DPSB19, Gazelle and SB24) and four levels of potassium (0 [control], 22.5, 45, and 67.5 kg K2O ha-1) applied as sulphate of potash fertilizer (50% K2O) at planting, making a total of 12 treatments. Data collected included number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of seed per plant and 1000-seed weight, grain yield, protein and oil content. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance using Statistical Analysis System version 9.3 and significantly different means separated using Least Significance Difference at α = 0.05. Application of potassium at the rate of 67.5 kg K2O ha-1 resulted to higher number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant at 78.97 and 243.40, and 44.47 and 141.20 in the varieties DPSB19 and Gazelle, while in SB24 higher recording of 51.23 and 162.40 was observed with 22.5 kg K2­O ha-1. The higher 1000-seed weight was recorded in 22.5 kg K2O ha-1 in DPSB19 and Gazelle varieties, while for SB24 it was recorded in 67.5 kg K2O ha-1. The highest grain yield recorded was 9156.45 kg per ha, in DPSB19 in 22.5 kg K2O ha-1, 4517. 67.5 kg per ha in Gazelle variety in 67.5 kg K2O ha-1 and 6432.78 kg per ha in SB24 variety in 22.5 kg K2O ha-1. The higher percentage oil content was observed in 45 K2O kg ha-1 in DPSB19 (28.48%) and SB24 (23.38%) varieties, and in 22.5 kg K2O ha-1 in Gazelle (19.38%) variety and the higher percentage protein content was recorded in 45 K2O kg ha-1 in DPSB19 (42.99%) and Gazelle (40.56%), and in 45 K2O kg ha-1 in SB24 (48.87%). These findings show that soybean farmers should apply potassium fertilizer for appropriate growth, increased yield, protein and oil content in different soybean varieties. It is recommended that application of potassium at 67.5 kg K2O ha-1 be done for better soybean growth, yield and protein content and application of potassium at 45 kg K2O ha-1 is done for high oil content.

Using NPK fertilizer on several soybean mutant in sub-optimal land

Soybean is one of the important crops and is much needed by people in Indonesia. Most soybean needs in Indonesia are still imported because domestic production is still low. The low soybean production in Indonesia is partly due to the lack of availability of superior varieties that are able to adapt to the environment and the application of cultivation technology that has not been optimal by farmers. The aim of this research is to obtain the best dose and the mutant line of Kipas Merah and the best combination of both in a sub-optimal environment. This study used a factorial randomized block design 3 x 7 with 3 replications. The dose of NPK fertilizer is the first factor consisting of 3 levels (200 kg ha−1, 300 kg ha−1, and 400 kg ha−1). While the second factor is a mutant line of Kipas Merah (A1, A2, A7, A11, and A14), and in addition, as the comparison, we used Kipas Merah (parent) and Deja2 variety. The results showed that the treatment dose of Phonska NPK fertilizer (15:15:15) was better found in the application of a fertilizer dose of 400 kg ha−1 on the parameters a number of seeds per plant, the weight of seeds per plant, the weight of 100 seeds, the weight of seeds per plot and potential yield. The best mutant lines among the tested lines were the A1 and A11 mutant lines. The best A1 line was on the number of seeds per plant and weight of seeds per plant, while A11 was best on parameters of seed weight per plant, the weight of 100 seeds, the weight of seeds per plot, and yield potential.

Study of Soybean Production and Marketing Problems in Amravati District

Soybean cultivation has contributed not only in Maharashtra but in improving the economic power of the farmers. Due to the diversified production of soybeans, large scale exports provide more income to the farmers. In the state of Maharashtra, soybean cultivation is done on a large scale in Amravati district. Soybean production in the year 2022 was 2.520 area yield 1132 (m.t) productivity (kg/ha) 2.852 compare with in the year 2021 was 2.418 area yield 1205 (m.t) productivity (kg/ha) 2.914 in Amravati. The present study explores the issue of soybean production and marketing. Farmers are not satisfied with the cost and low income of soybean production as some areas show low soybean production and face marketing challenges. Farmers have lack of knowledge about marketing in Amravati. There are many problems regarding marketing how to process of selling soybean. 22.85.00% respondents have market information of soybean and 70.00% respondents don"t have market information of soybean. In this study also found problems regarding marketing like that, 22.67% difficulties in illiteracy; 26.42% difficulties in godown and 17.85% difficulties in banking and finance.

PENGARUH PRODUKSI KEDELAI, HARGA KEDELAI IMPOR, DAN NILAI TUKAR TERHADAP IMPOR KEDELAI INDONESIA TAHUN 2011-2020

Indonesia is the 11th largest soybean consuming country in the world at 3 million tons after China, America, Argentina, and Brazil. The increasing demand for soybeans in the country is due to the increasing population and demand for soybeans. However, it is not balanced with soybean reserves that farmers are capable of producing, so imports are the way out. In addition to low soybean production, the price of imported soybeans and the exchange rate of the USD against the Rupiah also affected Indonesia's soybean imports. This study aims to determine the effect of soybean production, imported soybean prices, and exchange rates on soybean imports in 2011-2020. This type of research is a quantitative study with a sample of 40 quarterly data from 2011-2020. The research method used is multiple linear regression with the ordinary least square model. The results of this study show that soybean production, imported soybean prices, and exchange rates simultaneously have a significant effect on soybean imports. Partially soybean production and imported soybean prices each had a significant negative effect on soybean imports, while the exchange rate did not have a significant effect on Indonesia's soybean imports in 2011-2020.

Studi Bahan Kemasan terhadap Viabilitas Benih Kedelai (Glycine max [L.] Merril) Pascasimpan Dua Belas Bulan di Ruang Simpan Suhu Rendah

Soybean is a commodity that is a source of vegetable protein that is easily obtained at a low price. The factor that affects low soybean productivity in Indonesia is the lack of use of quality seeds by farmers. Efforts to maintain the shelf life of soybean seeds can be done by using good packaging materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of packaging materials that have different characteristics under low temperature storage conditions on the viability of soybean seeds after twelve months of storage. This research was carried out at the Seed and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty, Agriculture, University of Lampung from October 2019 to June 2020. The treatment design was a single and unstructured factor, namely packaging material (b). The treatment of packaging materials consisted of aluminum foil (b1), polyethylene (b2), polypropylene (b3), brown envelope paper (b4), ordinary plastic (b5), calico fabric (b6). The packaging materials for six treatments were arranged in a randomized block design (RAK) with four replications. The results of this study showed that the viability of seeds was high in aluminum foil, polyethylene, polypropylene, ordinary plastic, envelope paper, and calico packaging materials in low temperature storage in an air-conditioned storage room after twelve months of storage. Twelve months post-stored seed viability was indicated by the germination rate of 87.48%; maximum growth potential of 96.25%; germination speed 30.96%; strong normal sprouts 81.19%; hypocotyl length 11.99 cm; dry weight of normal sprouts 31.82 mg; water content 7.30%; and electrical conductivity of 244.96 S/cm. Key words: viability, soybean seed, storage, packaging material, low temperature

Response of Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>. L.) to Different Rates of NP Fertilizer and Plant Population Densities at Jimma Zone, South Western Ethiopia

Declining soil fertility status and poor agronomic practices, including minimum use of inorganic fertilizers and inappropriate plant population per hectare are the major reasons for low productivity of soybean. Therefore, the field experiment was conductedto evaluate the response of soybean to different rates of NP fertilizer and plant population density at Jimma South Western Ethiopia during 2015-2017 main cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with 4x4 factorial arrangements with four plant population densities; 333,333, 400,000, 200,000 and 166,666 plants ha^-1, and four NP fertilizer rates; 23/23, 23/46, 46/46, 69/69 kg ha^-1 N/P₂O₅. An interaction effect of plant population densities and NP fertilizer rates was observed for all parameters. The results indicated that as plant population density increased plant height, pod height, grain yield and above ground biomass significantly increased but number of pods per plant was decreased. As NP fertilizer rate increased slightly plant height, number of pods per plant, grain yield and significantly above ground biomass was increased. Significanthighest mean grain yield of 3724 kg ha^-1 was obtained from the highest plant population density of 400,000 plants ha^-1 (50x5cm). Further research must done to conclude the yield response of the crop to plant population density because the yield is significantly increasing up to 400,000 plants ha^-1. Regarding the effect of NP fertilizer rates, the highest grain yield of 3477kg ha^-1 was obtained from 69/69 kg ha^-1 N/P₂O₅ which was statically at par with 46/46 kg ha^-1 N/P₂O₅ fertilizer. In conclusions, plant population density of 400,000 plants ha^-1 (50 cm inter row with 5 cm intra row spacing) with 46/46 kg ha^-1 N/P₂O₅ fertilizer rate were determined for optimum production of soya bean in Jimma area and similar agro-ecologies of the country.

Storylines of weather-induced crop failure events under climate change

Abstract. Unfavourable weather is a common cause for crop failures all over the world. Whilst extreme weather conditions may cause extreme impacts, crop failure commonly is induced by the occurrence of multiple and combined anomalous meteorological drivers. For these cases, the explanation of conditions leading to crop failure is complex, as the links connecting weather and crop yield can be multiple and non-linear. Furthermore, climate change is likely to perturb the meteorological conditions, possibly altering the occurrences of crop failures or leading to unprecedented drivers of extreme impacts. The goal of this study is to identify important meteorological drivers that cause crop failures and to explore changes in crop failures due to global warming. For that, we focus on a historical failure event, the extreme low soybean production during the 2012 season in the midwestern US. We first train a random forest model to identify the most relevant meteorological drivers of historical crop failures and to predict crop failure probabilities. Second, we explore the influence of global warming on crop failures and on the structure of compound drivers. We use large ensembles from the EC-Earth global climate model, corresponding to present-day, pre-industrial +2 and 3 ∘C warming, respectively, to isolate the global warming component. Finally, we explore the meteorological conditions inductive for the 2012 crop failure and construct analogues of these failure conditions in future climate settings. We find that crop failures in the midwestern US are linked to low precipitation levels, and high temperature and diurnal temperature range (DTR) levels during July and August. Results suggest soybean failures are likely to increase with climate change. With more frequent warm years due to global warming, the joint hot–dry conditions leading to crop failures become mostly dependent on precipitation levels, reducing the importance of the relative compound contribution. While event analogues of the 2012 season are rare and not expected to increase, impact analogues show a significant increase in occurrence frequency under global warming, but for different combinations of the meteorological drivers than experienced in 2012. This has implications for assessment of the drivers of extreme impact events.

EVALUASI PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI KEDELAI DI KABUPATEN PURWOREJO PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

Purworejo Regency is one of the soybean production centers in Central Java province. By 2015 the program has been implemented to increase production to support the achievement of Self Sufficiency soybean Soybean through Movement Implementation of Integrated Crop Management (GPPTT) and Area Development Plant (PAT). The purpose of this research is (1) analyze the achievements of the program implementation GPPTT and PAT; (2) analyze the soybean productivity improvement; and (3) identify the obstacles in the implementation of the program to improve soybean production in Purworejo. This study used survey methods, the research location is determined purponively in the District Pituruh an soybean production centers and implementing GPPTT widest GPPTT selected for Megulung Lor village for making the mechanization of the harvest and post-harvest, and soybean send. Jatirejo Farmers Group 2 was selected as the only group that has carried Farmers harvest and post-harvest mechanization. For non GPPTT been Desa Girigoado with consideration has been carrying out mechanizationand part-harvesi crop then have the Farmer Group Sri Dadi who do not carry our GPPTT. PAT program selected for the District Banyuurip, because it is a pioneer of soy PAT program, and the largest soybean planting areas. Sukowaten villages selected for the largest soybean planted area, Farmers Farmers Group Purwo been selected for a program implementing the most advanced soy PAT instinationally. Farmers samples was determined by census, each of 30 people for 2 and KT KT Jatirejo Sri Dadi, as well as 17 people from KT PurwoTani. The collection of data carried out by observation, interview and record keeping. Hypothesis testing using t test. The results showed that: (1) the realization of the planting area GPPTT program reached 64.85% while the PAT program reached 76 20%; (2) program and PAT GPPTT able to increase the productivity of soybean respectively by 82.66% and 42.81% of the target set; (3) the obstacles in the implementation of improvement programs soybean production in Purworejo, including the low usage of fertilizers, low productivity of soybean and soybean low selling prices PAT program Keywords: Soybean Production Enhancement Program, Productivity, Obstacle

Resistance level of several soybean lines of M6 generation to stem rot disease Athelia rolfsii

Abstract. Hanafiah DS, Safni I, Siregar LAM, Famanik RIM, Lestmi A, Matondang M. 2020. Resistance level of several soybean lines of M6 generation to stem rot disease Athelia rolfsii. Biodiversitas 21: 4537-4542. Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C.C. Tu & Kimbr. is a soil-borne pathogen that causes stem rot disease on plants. The attack is one of the causes of low soybean productivity hence induction of plant resistance is needed to overcome these problems. Mutagenesis is one of the breeding techniques for inducing genetic variability especially for disease-resistant characters in soybean. This research aimed to obtain selected soybean plant lines (Glycine max L. Merr) of M6 generation based on resistant character against stem rot disease A. rolfsii. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Disease and research field of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia and soybean planting was carried out on agricultural field, Universitas Sumatera Utara from March to September 2018. This research used augmented design. The treatments were 8 mutant genotypes derived from radiation mutagenesis, that is; Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Kipas Putih varieties. The results showed that the analysis of resistant levels on M6 generation based on disease incidence resulted in 2 lines with resistant criteria to stem rot disease A. rolfsii, that is; M100A25 (5/3) and M200A11 (32/3). Observation of intensity of disease attacks showed that Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, M100A6 (31/1), and M200A12 (6/5) had the lowest resistance level compared to other genotypes. The mutant lines that had high category level of resistance are candidates for resistance lines against stem rot disease A. rolfsii.

Response of Soybean [Glycine max L.] Varieties Grown Under Varying Inter Row Spacing in ManaSibu District, Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Current decline in soil fertility and inappropriate agronomic practices are among the main factors for low productivity of soybean. Thus, this study was initiated with the aim of investigating the response of varieties and inters row spacing on yield and yield components of soybean. Treatments consisting of 4x4 factorial combination of soybean variety with inter row spacing was laid out using RCB design with three replications at ManaSibu District, western Oromia, Ethiopia. The findings revealed that the main effect of variety at varying inter row spacing was highly significant (P<0.01) for number of pods per plant, above ground biomass, grain yield and harvest index. While main effect of variety was also highly significant for hundred seed weight but significant (P<0.05) for number seeds per pod. While the interaction effect of variety and inter row spacing was also highly significant effect (P<0.01) on grain yield while significant on number of pods per plant and harvest index. Soybean Variety ‘Dhidessa’ gave the highest number of pods per plant (78.8) at 50 and 60 cm inter row spacing as well as maximum hundred grain weight (18.3g), grain yield (3703.7kgha-1) and harvest index (58.82%) at 50 cm inter row spacing. Generally, it can be concluded that ‘Dhidessa’ variety gave superior in grain yield at 50 cm inter row spacing at ManaSibu area and may be also suitable for similar agroecology. Keywords: Soybean, grain yield; plant population, yield components. DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/10-15-03 Publication date: August 31 st 2020

Soybean Disease Detection with Feature Selection Using Stepwise Regression Algorithm: LVQ vs LVQ2

ndonesia's soybean needs increase from year to year. But according to data from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) the amount of national soybean productivity is still low, so the fulfillment of soybean needs is done by importing soybeans from several countries such as China, Ukraine, Canada, Malaysia, and the United States. Low soybean productivity is caused by several factors. One of the causes is disease. This study aims to create a soybean disease detection by applying Learning Vector Quantization 2 (LVQ2) neural network algorithm(ANN) and Stepwise Regression Algorithm attribute selection. The attribute variables used consisted of 35 symptoms of the disease in soybean crop data. The data used in this study is a soybean dataset taken from University of California Irvine Machine Learning Repository as much as 200 data. The distribution of training data and test data is done by the k-fold cross validation method with a value of k = 10. The result of the study shows that the best paramater use in lVQ2. The results showed that the best parameters in LVQ2 is learning rate (α) value of 0.3; epsilon 0.04; and maximum epoch 100. While the best attribute selection uses the parameter p to enter and p to remove of 0.15 which produces 17 selected attributes such as date, plant stand, precipitation, leaves, leaf spot halo, leaf spot margins, leafspot size, leaf mildew, stem canker, stem fungi, external decay, fruit pods, fruit spots, seeds, mold growth, seed discolor, roots. The best results in this study resulted in an accuracy of 90.5%, 9.5% error rate, 90.5% sensitivity, and 98.94% specificity

Analisis Efisiensi Usahatani Kedelai Studi Kasus pada Kabupaten Lampung Timur, Provinsi Lampung

Almost the entire planting of soybean commodity on Sumatra island has decreased. Mostly due to the low soybean productivity so that soybean farming is less attractive and encourages many farmers to switch to other commodities such as corn, peanuts and cassava. The low productivity of soybean is also due to limited capital to buy production facilities in the form of seeds, fertilizers and pesticides while the price of production facilities which from year to year tend to increase, especially the price of artificial fertilizers and pesticides Besides, the price of soybean during the harvest time is not stabilized and often less profitable farmers. This study aims to measure the level of economic efficiency that includes technical efficiency and allocative efficiency (price) in soybean farming in East Lampung, so it is expected to know the influence of the number of inputs used in soybean farming on the resulting output. Analytical methods used technical efficiency analysis using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) application, cost / allocative efficiency analysis and economic efficiency analysis. The results showed that the average technical efficiency of soybean farming system = 1 means that in general the soybean farming has reached the level of technical efficiency. The average value of the allocative efficiency of 1,4 means that on average the allocative efficiency level of oybean farming has not been achieved. The value of economic efficiency 1.4 is greater than 1. This means that maximum economic efficiency in East Lampung regency has not been achieved, therefore the use of production factors need to be added in order to achieve efficiency condition.

Penampilan Beberapa Galur Kedelai Pada Cekaman Kekeringan

Kekeringan merupakan faktor pembatas yang menyebabkan penurunan produktivitas hingga 55%. Salah satu penyebab rendahnya produksi kedelai di Indonesia adalah penanaman kedelai dilakukan di lahan yang ketersediaan airnya terbatas. Seleksi yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan varietas kedelai yang tahan terhadap kekeringan serta memiliki produksi yang tinggi yaitu dengan karakterisasi hasil biji dan indeks toleransi cekaman (ITC). Sebanyak 30 galur kedelai dievaluasi di dua lingkungan tumbuh yaitu diberi perlakuan pengairan optimal dengan 6 kali pengairan setiap 15 hari sekali dan pengairan 3 kali setiap 15 hari sekali (cekaman kekeringan). Penelitian lapang menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah diulang dua kali, dengan jarak tanam 40 cm x 15 cm dengan dua tanaman per-rumpun. Tiap galur ditanam 4 baris dengan panjang baris 4,5 m. Tanaman di pupuk dengan pupuk dasar sebanyak 50 kg Urea, 100 kg SP.36 dan 75 kg KCl per hektar yang diberikan pada saat tanam. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP. Genteng dan KP. Muneng pada bulan Juli 2015. Hasil analisis menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata antar lokasi (Genteng dan Muneng), dimana hasil kedelai di Genteng lebih baik dari pada di Muneng. Demikian juga dengan lingkungan tumbuh menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata dimana cekaman kekeringan selama fase pengisian polong/biji pada kedelai dapat menurunkan hasil sebesar 26% dibanding dengan hasil yang mendapat pengairan optimal. Tidak ada pengaruh interaksi antara lokasi dan perlakuan pengairan terhadap hasil. Terdapat 6 galur yang memiliki potensi hasil dan nilai indeks toleransi cekaman lebih besar dari pada varietas Wilis yaitu KP/2805-1, DV/2984-2, DV/2984-3, KP/3072-2, MLG-2805 dan varietas Tidar dengan potensi hasil berturut-turut 1.097, 1.074, 1.137, 1.107, 1.176 dan 1.111 t/ha sedangkan varietas Wilis 1.053 t/ha. Tiga diantaranya yaitu KP/2805-1, DV/2984-3 dan KP/3072-2 memiliki ukuran biji lebih besar dan umur berbunga lebih panjang dibanding Wilis, Tidar dan MLG-2805.

Bacterial Structure of Agricultural Soils with High and Low Yields

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structure of bacterial communities at two agricultural fields in Brazil (Parana (PR) and Bahia (BA) states) with a history of high and low productivity of soybean. 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed that plots with low yield of grains showed greater bacterial richness than plots with high yield. The phylum Acidobacteria was more abundant in soil samples from PR site. The rhizosphere of plants presented a similar bacterial community for both high and low yield plots. Soil samples from BA showed differences in the diversity between the plots with high and low productivity. The use of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing allowed the assessment of differences between plots with different soybean yields. This might be useful in the future to harness plant microbiomes for increased crop productivity.

SISTEM PERBENIHAN KEDELAI MELALUI SISTEM JABALSIM DI SENTRA PRODUKSI KEDELAI JAWA TENGAH

Soybean is the third important food crop after rice and maize. Every year, the more number of populations in Central Java, the more soybean consumption. However, the supply of soybean is not fulfill the needs because the soybean productivity is still low. Low soybean productivity is affected by the unqualified seed.The research was conducted by quantitative descriptive approach for 3 months in Grobogan and Wonogiri Regency. The respondents are farmers, traders and airy companion. The research results showed that the soybeans cropping pattern in Grobogan and Wonogiri held in rainfed on the first and second rainy season from October to March. In the first and second drought season in June to September, soybean is planted in the paddy field. The soybean seed needs were 40 kg/ha in Grobogan and 70 kg/ha in Wonogiri. In a year, soybean seed needs were 2.76114 million pounds. The most crucial seed needs in May, September and October amounted to 1,706,139 kg. Soybean seed system was obtained by storage in the form of dry stover to process from consumption soybean product by sorting in Wonogiri, also to process the cultivated soybean production that using labeled seeds in Grobogan.Recommendation: Local agricultural agencies should be facilitated seed lebelled for supply of seeds that is coached by Bakorluh.

PERFORMANCE OF ACID-ADAPTIVE SOYBEAN EXPECTED LINES IN SOUTH LAMPUNG, INDONESIA

Acid soil area is one of the areas broadly available in Indonesia. However, the complexity of acid soil may lead to low soybean productivity. Hence, soybean variety which is adaptive to acid soil is needed. The objective of this research was to find out expected lines adaptive to acid soil. A number of ten soybean lines and two check varieties were grown in Natar Research Station in dry season II, 2011. This research applied randomized completely block design with four replications. Results showed that 7 of 10 soybean lines had grain yield higher than those of two check varieties. The three lines with the highest grain yield were Tgm/Anj-957, Tgm/Anj-908 and Tgm/Anj-932 with grain yield 1.83, 1.74, and 1.65 t ha - , 1 respectively. Tanggamus variety had grain yield higher than Wilis. The highest grain yield line, Tgm/Anj-957, was also supported by the highest number of pods per plant up to 68 pod. Line of Tgm/Anj-995 was the line with the largest seed size, i.e. 16 g per 100 seeds. Keywords: acid soil, expected lines, Glycine max, yield

Engineering Technology for Increasing Soybean Production And to Control Damping-off Disease using Biological Fertilization Mixture

Fall seedling diseases (damping-off) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is one factor in low productivity of soybean in Indonesia, which may cause loss results achieved 30-75% depending on the level of attacks. Given the character of soil borne diseases (soil borne), then all control efforts through many obstacles, either because the pathogen can survive for decades in the form resistant propagules ( Sclerotium ) although there is no host for the development. This study aimed to find ways to control the disease by utilizing the potential of natural biological materials and find ways to get control for effective results. For this purpose the various steps of research has been conducted both in laboratory and greenhouse using experimental research design (completely randomized design) and F test to see the difference. The results show that in the first year of research proven to provide results tuba root extract is effective in controlling pathogens. Streptomyces isolates proved to be antagonistic to Sclerotium rolfsii , and when combined with mycorrhizae (AM) will be able to increase its effectiveness. Introduction of inoculum will likely increase their effectiveness when mixed directly into cropping land that can be done as a biological fertilizer just before planting. There is a tendency that the combination treatment between biopesticide will help the effectiveness of its control, though not necessarily affect the production, so the increase in soybean production is due to the protection of soybean from the dead early in the seedling that can suppress up to 50 percent compared with the control.