Low Production Capacity Research Articles

Fluid Distribution and Reservoir Characteristics of the Big Piney Mesaverde Reservoir, Wyo.

Abstract The text presents an approach used to evaluate a productive reservoir whose hydrocarbon accumulation is under hydrodynamic control. The fluid, rock and structural factors that control the distribution of the fluids and their flow characteristics have been studied. Potentiometric and structural information have been utilized to determine the limits of the hydrocarbon accumulation and its qualitative relationship with structure. A comparison is made of predicted and actual gas-oil and oil-water contacts. The oil column was divided into two producing intervals, and capillary-pressure and relative-permeability data were utilized to evaluate their fluid distribution and transmissibility. Introduction One of the main problems to be solved in evaluating a hydrocarbon reservoir is determining the fluid interfaces and their relationship with structure. This is especially vital in reservoirs where the hydrocarbon accumulation is under hydrodynamic control. The purpose of this paper is to report an approach used to determine the distribution and structural relationship of the gas, oil and water phases in the Big Piney Mesaverde reservoir, Sublette County, Wyo. In conjunction with this study, potentiometric data have been utilized to evaluate entrapment, and a study has been made of the rock and fluid properties of the reservoir which are related to saturation distributions and flow mechanics. The Big Piney Mesaverde reservoir lies approximately 100-miles northwest of Rock Springs, Wyo. The field was discovered in Aug., 1957, by the Gulf No. 1 Tresner State well located in the SW-NW Section 36–29N–113W (see Fig. 1) which produced gas and oil during drill-stem testing. Selective tests during completion in the gas and oil columns resulted in indicated capacities of 9.5 MMcf/D and 118 BOPD, respectively. The discovery was confirmed by Belco Petroleum Corp.'s completion in Jan., 1958, of Well B–34. Initial development in the field showed that the oil column possessed a low productive capacity; this subsequently was attributed to a combination of circumstances, including a low reservoir temperature, a relatively high pour-point oil and low matrix permeability. No particular difficulty was observed in producing free gas. Due to this situation, only 17 wells were completed within two years after discovery. In June, 1959, development was stimulated when Gulf Oil Corp. introduced notch-fracing, and 40 wells had penetrated the reservoir by the end of 1960. To date, production has been curtailed by market restrictions and the need of conserving gas-cap energy; however, as of Jan., 1961, the field had produced approximately 740,000 STB of oil, 1,760 MMcf of separator gas and negligible volumes of water. Fig. 1 is a plat of the producing area showing the limits of development drilling to Jan. 1, 1961, and the areal distribution of the hydrocarbons. Geology The Big Piney Mesaverde reservoir lies on the LaBarge Platform, a major structural feature on the west edge of the Green River basin. JPT P. 608^

The Area under Group Cultivation of Waterfield Rice Plants, and its Limitation in Aichi Prefecture

In the agriculture of Japan, cooperative work for the purpose of production is lately spreading over the whole country. In Aichi Pref., the group cultivation of waterfield rice plants was performed, and so it became the object of public attention. We are now in a period of transition from private management to joint cooperative.This practice sets up a district with a farming settlement as the central figure. Rice of only one kind is used and the first grains of rice are set aside. A schedule of the cooperative water (for irrigation) control, extermination of noxious insects and fertilizer is also kept. Among them, we can see some groups which are formed of ten farming houses or so and are kept at cooperative work by mechanized farming up to harvest time.This practice was first introduced into the area where damage is more or less always follows typhoon and sea-water, and where the area is of low productive capacity. Nowadays there is greater possibility for extension towards the practice area, where irrigation facilities from river and reservoir (pond) are provided; however, the author does not see much chance of it towards an area in the mountains where imperfect irrigation facilities are found.Group cultivation of aquatic rice differs in degree according to the difference of agricultural management in a village community; in a village where hothouse management is incorporated in the new practice, and the cultivation of rice plant is subordinated to it, the cooperation has a tendency to be limited with in confines which do not restrict the main field to the management. It has little influence on the other field, with the exception of rice plants, and only gives an opportunity for partial cooperation. There is ample hope for the most favorable growth of cooperation in a farming settlement where many commuters who have modern sense live in farmhouses within easy reach of the city, and have an income of ready money. In these farming settlements, people are concerned about the elevation of labor productivity by establishing a system of wages, as compared with the increase of harvesting and the economy of the price for fartilizer. In a farming village of a rice field area, where they have little influence from the city, on the other hand, there is a fair possivility that people may continue such cooperation within the limit of traditional practice, when there is no need to alter institutions as a requisite condition for production by exchange of land and mechanization.In any case, farmers are interested in the advantages claimed for this group cultivation, though there are many problems awaiting solution at different stages in each districts. Accordingly, there is still more a possibility for exteusion of this practice, towards the area where irrigation is provided.