Lower Prevalence Of Overweight Research Articles

Prevalence of Pre-diabetes, Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors among Staff and Students of Federal Polytechnic, Kaura-Namoda

Obesity and overweight are major public health issues worldwide. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of diabetes and its associated risk factors among the staff and students of Federal Polytechnic Kaura-Namoda. A total of 159 participants took part in the study, consisting of 60 staff and 99 students. Anthropometric measurement and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) cut-offs were used to classify body weight into underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) level was determined using glucometer. Blood pressure was measured using an electronic blood pressure monitor. The overall prevalence of diabetes was 2.5%, with 2.0% being known cases and 0.5% newly diagnosed individuals. The prevalence of diabetes was higher in staff (2%) than in students (0.5%). The prevalence of pre-diabetes was 5.7%, with 4.4% occurring in staff and 1.3% in students. While the prevalent overweight and obesity were 51% and 23.9% respectively, among the participants, with students being more affected than staff. Hypertension was found in males (1.9%) and none in females. Also, pre-hypertension was more prevalent in students (32%) than in staff (0%). Pre-diabetes was more prevalent in overweight, obese, hypertensive, and 40 years or above participants. There was a correlation between diabetes and age, obesity, and hypertension. In conclusion, low prevalence of overweight, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes were found among the staff and students of Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda. The adoption of regular physical exercise, healthy eating habits, and a healthy lifestyle is therefore recommended among the staff and students for improved health status.

Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and reproductive health in adult sons: a study in the Danish National Birth Cohort.

Is maternal pre-pregnancy BMI associated with semen quality, testes volume, and reproductive hormone levels in sons? Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with an altered reproductive hormone profile in young adult sons, characterized by higher levels of oestradiol, LH, and free androgen index (FAI) and lower levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in sons born of mothers with pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity. Evidence suggests that maternal pre-pregnancy BMI may influence reproductive health later in life. Only one pilot study has investigated the association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and reproductive health outcomes in sons, suggesting that a high BMI was associated with impaired reproductive function in the adult sons. A population-based follow-up study of 1058 young men from the Fetal Programming of Semen Quality (FEPOS) cohort nested within the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC), 1998-2019, was carried out. In total, 1058 adult sons (median age 19 years, 2 months), born 1998-2000 by mothers included in the DNBC, participated in FEPOS. At a clinical examination, they provided a semen and blood sample, measured their testes volume, and had height and weight measured. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was obtained by self-report in early pregnancy. Semen characteristics, testes volume, and reproductive hormone levels were analysed according to maternal pre-pregnancy BMI categories and as restricted cubic splines using negative binomial and ordinary least square regression models. Mediation analyses examined potential mediation by the sons' birthweight, pubertal timing, fat mass, and BMI. Additional analyses investigated the role of paternal BMI in the potential associations between maternal BMI and reproductive health outcomes. We found no consistent associations between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and semen characteristics or testes volume. Sons of mothers with higher pre-pregnancy BMI had higher oestradiol and lower SHBG levels, both in a dose-dependent manner. Sons of mothers with pre-pregnancy obesity (≥30 kg/m2) had higher LH levels and a higher FAI than sons born by mothers with normal pre-pregnancy BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2). The mediation analyses suggested that the effect of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI on higher levels of oestrogen, LH, and FAI was partly mediated by the sons' birthweight, in addition to adult fat mass and BMI measured at the clinical examination, whereas most of the effect on lower levels of SHBG was primarily mediated by the sons' own fat mass and BMI. Paternal BMI was not a strong confounder of the associations in this study. This study was based in a population-based cohort with a low prevalence of overweight and obesity in both mothers and adult sons. Some men (10%) had blood for reproductive hormone assessment drawn in the evening. While several potential confounding factors were accounted for, this study's inherent risk of residual and unmeasured confounding precludes provision of causal estimates. Therefore, caution should be given when interpreting the causal effect of maternal BMI on sons' reproductive health. Given the widespread occurrence of overweight and obesity among pregnant women, it is imperative to thoroughly examine the potential consequences for reproductive hormone levels in adult sons. The potential effects of maternal pre-pregnancy obesity on sons' reproductive hormone profile may potentially be partly avoided by the prevention of overweight and obesity in the sons. The project was funded by the Lundbeck Foundation (R170-2014-855), the Capital Region of Denmark, Medical doctor Sofus Carl Emil Friis and spouse Olga Doris Friis's Grant, Axel Muusfeldt's Foundation (2016-491), AP Møller Foundation (16-37), the Health Foundation, Dagmar Marshall's Fond, Aarhus University, Independent Research Fund Denmark (9039-00128B), and the European Union (ERC, BIOSFER, 101071773). Views and opinions expressed are, however, those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. N/A.

Assessment of overweight, obesity and malnutrition status of <em>Purana</em> (old) population residing in Sigiriya, Sri Lanka

Objective: The "Purana" population in Sri Lanka, a genetically distinct group with origins in the Sinhalese Kings of the 5th century A.D, lives near the Sigiriya Bolder Garden complex. Limited evidence exists on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among this population. This investigation aims to study the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult "Purana" individuals. Methods: Purana villagers in Talkote, Pidurangala, Diyakepilla, and Nagalaweva, near the Sigiriya Bolder Garden complex were selected for the study and 107 men and 199 women were recruited to the study based on ancestry, with Purana pedigrees traced back at least three generations. Informed consent was obtained from participants. A single observer recorded height, weight, and mid-waist circumference measurements of selected individuals. Each measurement was repeated three times and the mean values were taken. BMI values were calculated and obesity, overweight, malnutrition of each individual was determined by using calculated BMI and waist circumference based on global and South Asian cutoff values. Results: 33.6%, 55.1%, 9.3% and 1.9% of the male adult population was underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese respectively concerning global BMI cutoffs. 33.6%, 43%, 20.6% and 2.8% of male adult population was underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese respectively concerning Asian BMI cutoffs. 17.6%, 62.3%, 17.6% and 2.5% of female adult population was underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese respectively concerning global BMI cutoffs. 17.6%, 49.7%, 24.1% and 8.5% of female adult population was underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese respectively according to Asian BMI cutoffs. 28% of males were obese while 47.2% of females were obese with reference to waist measurements. Conclusions: In comparison to the urban populations in Sri Lanka, the male and female Purana inhabitants of Sigiriya showed a low prevalence of overweight and obesity.

Body size and weight status of adult Indian males born in the 1890s-1950s: Age and secular change in the context of demographic, economic, and political transformation.

To evaluate secular change in body size and weight status of adult Indian males born in 1891-1957 and surveyed in the 1970s. Data are from Anthropological Surveys. Only men were included in the surveys due to high female illiteracy and lack of female researchers. Indian society was also strongly conservative at the time, especially in rural areas, and the measurement of women by men was not permitted. Heights and weights of 43 950 males 18-84 years (born 1891-1957) were measured. The BMI was calculated; weight status of individuals was classified relative to WHO criteria and suggested criteria for the Asia-Pacific region. Heights of men 35+ years were also adjusted for age-related stature loss. Trends in measured and adjusted heights, body weight and the BMI, and in weight status were evaluated by age groups. Linear regression of measured height and adjusted height on year of birth was used to estimate secular effects. Mean heights declined slightly with age to 50 years and declined sharply through 60+ years, while mean weights increased into the 40s and then declined. Mean BMIs were relatively stable from 30 to 60 years. The prevalence of thinness and normal weight was high, while that of overweight and obesity was low. Regression analyses indicated limited secular change across the total range of birth years but suggested a decline in adjusted heights among men born in 1891 through the 1930s, and little change among men born subsequently. Age-related trends and results of the regression analyses by year of birth indicated negligible secular change in heights of Indian men 18-84 years born between 1891 and 1957. BMIs indicated a high prevalence of thinness and normal weight and low prevalence of overweight and obesity.

Prevalence of obesity and overweight among adolescents in district Ghaziabad

Background- Obesity and overweight has become a public health concern. Excess weight in the body is linked to various conditions like Hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, and stroke which contributes to morbidity and mortality. Prevalence of obesity and overweight have been increasing in childhood and adolescent period because of more sedentary lifestyle and changes in dietary patterns. Methodology- This cross-sectional study was conducted among the children of age 10- 19 years in urban population of district Ghaziabad through a house-to-house survey, using a pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire with a sample size of 1128 study participants. Results- Among the study participants, 508 students were males and 620 were females. Among males, 194 students were found to be overweight or obese and among females, 210 students were found to be overweight or obese. Children from private schools had the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity, 26.0 % while children from rural government school had the lowest prevalence of overweight and obesity, 0.7%. Consumption of fast food was highest in urban government school students (45.4%) and lowest in rural private school students (24.8 %). Students from rural government schools did maximum vigorous physical activity (87.9%). Conclusion- Obesity was significantly associated with area of residence, type of school and gender.

Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity and its Associated Factors among Medical Students: A Case of Copperbelt University School of Medicine, Ndola, Zambia

Purpose: Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. They are a complex chronic global disease affecting people worldwide across all ages, sexes, ethnicities and nationalities. In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults aged 18 years and older were overweight. Of these over 650 million adults were obese, 39% of adults aged 18 years and over (39% of men and 40% of women) were obese. Once considered a high – income country problem, overweight and obesity are now on the rise in low- and middle – income countries, particularly in urban settings. In Africa, obesity and overweight has been attributed to demographic and nutritional changes that have resulted from urbanization and the adoption of a western lifestyle which include lack of exercises and changes in dietary intake
 The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its associated factors among medical students from Michael Chilufya Sata Copperbelt University School of medicine, Ndola, Zambia.
 Methodology: A descriptive, quantitative cross – sectional study, which will use a standardized, structured self – administered questionnaire to survey the prevalence of overweight and obesity among medical students from Michael Chilufya Sata Copperbelt University School of medicine, Ndola, Zambia. 384 medical students will be allowed to participate in the study and data collected will be analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS for windows).
 Findings: found a low prevalence of overweight and obesity among medical students at Ndola's copper-belt university. Male participants had a significantly higher prevalence than female participants, and most significant risk factor where associated with male student this might have been due to the disproportion in numbers between the male and female participants.
 Unique Contribution to Theory Practice and Policy: The study indicates a need for behaviour modification related to enhance lifestyle through increased physical activity and better nutritional practices among medical students.

Fat mass as an important predictor of persistent hypertension in patients with primary aldosteronism after adrenalectomy.

Aldosterone excess is present in obesity and is associated with involvement in the pathogenesis of obesity. We evaluate the impact of body obesity as measured by body composition monitor (BCM) on clinical outcomes in patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism (uPA) after adrenalectomy. The BCM device was used to assess body composition before and after adrenalectomy. We used fat mass (FM) and body mass index (BMI) to classify obesity and divided obesity into three groups: clinical overweight (BMI (kg/m2) ≥25); normal weight obesity (NWO, FM (%) ≥ 35 for women, >25 for men & BMI < 25); and no obesity (FM < 35 for women, <25 for men & BMI < 25). A total of 130 unilateral PA (uPA) patients received adrenalectomy, and 27 EH patients were identified; uPA patients with hypertension remission were found to have lower FM (p = 0.046), BMI (p < 0.001), and lower prevalence of overweight (p = 0.001). In the logistic regression model, patients with clinical overweight (OR = 2.9, p = 0.007), NWO (OR = 3.04, p = 0.041) and longer HTN duration (years, OR = 1.065, p = 0.013) were at the risk of persistent hypertension after adrenalectomy. Obesity status was strongly associated with persistent hypertension in uPA patients after adrenalectomy. However, patients in the NWO group also carried higher risk of persistent hypertension. Therefore, assessment of pre-obesity and overweight in uPA patients are extremely important, especially in those who have normal BMI.

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS AND RISK FACTORS OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG WOMEN IN NIGERIA USING STRUCTURED GEO-ADDITIVE REGRESSION MODELS: ANALYSIS OF 2018 NIGERIA DEMOGRAPHIC HEALTH SURVEY

Overweight and obesity which are known to pose serious health problems are becoming increasingly prevalent in Nigeria which is a sub-Saharan African country. This study utilized the 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey to examine demographic and socio-economic risk factors of overweight and obesity among Nigerian women aged 15-49 years. Exploratory analysis was used to provide basic description of the data while a semiparametric structured additive models was used to describe the relationship between the presumed factors and overweight and obesity status while also accounting for spatial effects at state level. The national prevalence of overweight and obesity among Nigerian women was found to be 27.4%. Increased risk of overweight and obesity among Nigerian women was found to be strongly associated with being older, high educational level, being rich, living in an urban area, having many children, being pregnant, and residing in southern part of Nigeria. In respect to ethnicity and religion, the Fulani tribe and Islamic religion were associated with lower prevalence of overweight and obesity. Overweight and obesity were found to be significantly more prevalent in the Southern parts compared to the Northern parts of Nigeria. The highest and lowest prevalence of overweight and obesity were observed in Anambra and Yobe states respectively. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher among Muslim women compared to Christian women since most Northern women are Muslims and most Southern women are Christians. Random (unstructured) spatial effects were significant indicating that overweigh/obesity was influenced by unobserved state specific factors

Relationship between Type and Intensity of Sports Activities and the Prevalence of Overweight in Serbian School Children

This study aimed to explore the relationship between different forms and intensities of sports activities and the prevalence of overweight in primary school children. Using International Obesity Task Force BMI criteria, we have identified body weight status in a group of 2893 children aged 9–15 years participating in 27 different sports and within a group of 4987 non-active children of the same age. We have compared the prevalence of overweight and obesity between these groups, as well as between genders and different forms and intensities of sports, within the group of active children. We have found lower prevalence of overweight (Χ2 = 41.689, DF = 1, p &lt; 0.001), as well as prevalence of obesity (Χ2 = 175.184, DF = 1, p &lt; 0.001) in physically active children compared with their non-active counterparts, as expected. Overweight (including obesity) had the highest prevalence in mixed sports of the Classification of Sports of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology, in boys (p = 0.003), as well as in girls (p = 0.043). A lower prevalence of overweight was noted in boys (p = 0.001), as well as in girls (p = 0.025) with more than 7 years of training. Regarding the number of hours of training per week, a lower prevalence of overweight was noted only in girls with 4 and more hours of training per week (p = 0.025). Concerning intensity, we have found a significant drop in the prevalence of overweight in children with sports activities whose intensity is more than 60 MET-hours per week. We conclude that a significant relationship between sports and the prevalence of overweight is found in children with more than 60 MET-hours of sports activities per week, as well as among children involved in mixed sports, and after more than 7 years spent in regular sports training.

Level of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Weight Status among Adolescent Female Gymnasts: A Cross-Sectional Study

Adolescent female gymnasts are a vulnerable population in terms of their diet, as their nutritional needs are higher due to their growth and high daily training demands. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a well-known dietary pattern that is associated with a greater nutritional adequacy and a lower prevalence of overweight. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the degree of adherence to the MD among adolescent female athletes who participated in all disciplines of gymnastics in Greece, as well as to explore the potential correlations between MD adherence, body weight, and body mass index (BMI). A total of 269 female gymnasts (between 11–18 years old) completed the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) and reported their weight and height. Approximately 10% of the participants were underweight and a mere 5.6% were classified as overweight. A high adherence to the MD was reported by 34.9% of the sample and this was correlated with a healthier BMI. Moreover, specific eating habits, such as eating nuts 2–3 times per week and eating fast-food less than once-weekly, were also associated with BMI. Athletes, parents, and coaches of gymnastics should be informed and educated regarding balanced nutrition habits. Future studies could evaluate adherence to MD, as well as the factors that influence the eating behaviors of adolescent female and male athletes in various sports.

Parental Adherence to Ideal Cardiovascular Health Status Was Associated With a Substantially Lower Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Their Offspring Aged 6-18 Years.

Background: Parental health status had a potential influence on offspring health. This study aimed to investigate the separate associations between paternal and maternal cardiovascular health statuses and the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in the offspring.Methods: Data were from a cross-sectional study conducted in seven provinces or cities of China in 2013. A total of 29,317 children aged 6–18 years old and their parents, making up 9,585 father-offspring pairs and 19,732 mother-offspring pairs, were included in the final analysis. Information on parental cardiovascular health status factors (dietary behaviors, body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus) was obtained from the structured self-administrated questionnaires. Based on the health status factors, we then generated an ideal cardiovascular health (iCVH) score. The overweight and obesity of children were defined using age- and sex-specific cutoffs based on the International Obesity Task Force criteria. A multilevel log-binomial regression model was used to assess the association between parental cardiovascular health status and prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in the offspring.Results: The prevalence of pediatric overweight and obesity was 22.0% in the father-offspring subset and 23.8% in the mother-offspring subset, respectively. Fathers with ideal BMI, non-smoking, and absence of hypertension and diabetes, and mothers with ideal BMI, ideal physical activity, and absence of hypertension and diabetes were found to be associated with lower prevalence of overweight and obesity in the offspring. The prevalence of offspring overweight and obesity was significantly decreased with the parental iCVH scores increased. Each additional increase in paternal and maternal iCVH factor was associated with a 30% and 27% lower prevalence of overweight and obesity in the offspring. Compared with children whose parental iCVH scores ≤ 3, offspring whose fathers or mothers met all six iCVH factors had 67% [prevalence ratio (PR): 0.33, 95%CI: 0.25–0.42] and 58% (PR: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.29–0.62) lower prevalence of overweight and obesity, respectively.Conclusions: Parental adherence to iCVH status was associated with a lower prevalence of pediatric overweight and obesity in offspring. Our findings support the intervention strategy that parents should involve in the obesity intervention program for children.

An optimal glycemic load range is better for reducing obesity and diabetes risk among middle-aged and elderly adults

BackgroundDue to the lack of evidence, advice pertaining to glycemic load (GL) can be misleading. Does the excessive restriction of GL, mostly through an extreme reduction in carbohydrate intake, result in a relatively high intake of fat and protein and result in overweight and obesity? This study was performed to initially explore the optimal GL range.MethodsA cross-sectional study involving 2029 participants aged 40 years or older in Guangzhou, China was conducted. Participants were divided into four groups according to cluster analysis. Dietary data were assessed using a previously validated 3-day food record.ResultsInstead of participants with the highest [cluster 1, median (interquartile ranges) GL was 112(107–119)/1000 kcal] and the lowest GL intake [cluster 4, 90(82–96)/1000 kcal], those with moderate GL intakes [clusters 2 and 3, 93(85–102) and 93(85–99)/1000 kcal, respectively] had a lower prevalence of overweight, obesity and diabetes. In addition, clusters 2 and 3 were more consistent with the macronutrient intake reference with adequate micronutrient intake. Therefore, the optimal GL range was determined to be (85–100)/1000 kcal, rather than “lower is better”.ConclusionsReducing the GL intake to prevent diabetes deserves more attention in the context of a balanced diet. An appropriate GL may be better than excessive restriction.

Overweight in Rural Quilombola and Non-quilombola Adolescents From the Northeast of Brazil.

Introduction: Overweight is an emerging problem among children and adolescents that leads to the development of several morbidities and health risks. Overweight occurs differently in different populations, especially in vulnerable groups like the rural and quilombola communities (an African-descendant population). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight and to investigate the possible associated factors in rural adolescents living in both quilombola and non-quilombola communities in Northeast Brazil.Methods: This study is a population-based cross-sectional study with a household approach carried out in 2015 with 390 adolescents (age 10–19 years) living in rural quilombola and non-quilombola communities. The nutritional status was gauged using z-scores calculated for body mass index (BMI) and varies with gender and age. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to establish associations between the results and explained variables. The multivariate analysis followed a model with a hierarchical entry of covariables controlled by gender and age.Results: The study showed that 18.5% of rural adolescents were overweight, of which 17.9% were quilombolas and 19.0% were non-quilombolas. A significant difference in overweight between the samples was not found. In the multivariate-adjusted model, age ≥16 years (PR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28–0.95), the habit of having regular breakfast (PR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35–0.98), and process of attending school (PR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.17–0.71) were associated with a lower prevalence of overweight. Stationary screen time, in contrast, was associated with a higher prevalence (PR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.05–2.46). The process of attending school was associated with a lower prevalence of overweight (PR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.09–0.69), even for the quilombolas.Conclusions: A low prevalence of overweight was identified in rural adolescents. Overweight was significantly associated with the habit of having regular breakfast, older age, stationary screen time, and the process of attending school. The results reveal that school is a potential space for health promotion interventions, specifically in the most vulnerable rural regions, such as the quilombola communities. Besides, the study emphasizes the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle early in life, including cultivating the habit of having regular breakfast and reducing stationary screen time.

Nutritional adequacy in surgical IBD patients.

Despite little evidence available to date, the dietary intake assessment is considered a useful tool to optimize dietary intervention for the improvement of the nutritional status of IBD patients. The primary aim was to compare the dietary intake of IBD patients scheduled for surgery with the dietary reference values (DRVs) for the Italian population (LARN) and the ESPEN guidelines for clinical nutrition in IBD. The secondary aim was to describe the dietary patterns of patients with CD and UC in relation to the disease-specific and nutritional parameters and to compare these results to a control group in order to evaluate if similar nutritional intakes than in oncologic patients are found in IBD. Between January 2019 and March 2020, 62 consecutive IBD patients (46 CD and 16 UC) with age from 18 to 79 years scheduled for surgery were recruited. Patients received a comprehensive nutritional assessment, including food or nutrition-related history, anthropometric and body composition measurements. A group of 61 oncologic patients scheduled for colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery was used as control. IBD patients showed a higher caloric and nutritional intake than CRC group, despite a higher frequency of underweight, and a lower prevalence of overweight and obesity. IBD patients showed an inadequate intake of proteins, n-3 PUFA, fiber, iron, calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, vitamin D and vitamin B12 according to ESPEN guidelines for clinical nutrition in IBD and LARN. Oral intake was not influenced by gender, IBD subtype, longer duration of disease and previous surgery. In CD, fistulizing behaviour negatively influenced oral intake. in IBD patients, the evaluation of macronutrients and micronutrients intake before surgery, can contribute to evaluate and to correct the onset of nutritional deficiencies. Specific dietary recommendations seem required, in order to integrate specific nutritional inadequacies. IBD patients referred to surgery have to be considered at high nutritional risk like oncologic patients are.

Is the Perceived Fruit Accessibility Related to Fruit Intakes and Prevalence of Overweight in Disadvantaged Youth: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Few investigations have studied the relationship between home and school food environments, fruit intakes, and prevalence of overweight in children and adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds. This study aimed to determine whether food environments for fruit intake at household and school levels affect fruit intakes and risk of overweight among children and adolescents with low household income. Methods: Students (n = 3148) in Seoul, Korea completed questionnaires pertaining to select aspects of their food environments, frequency of fruit intakes, and weight status. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions evaluated associations between the aforementioned variables. Results: Participants consumed fruit an average of 0.77 times per day, though its frequency increased when fruit accessibility was perceived positively. The percentage of overweight participants was 23.5% for boys and 22.8% for girls. Generally, fruit intake frequency was linked to a lower prevalence of overweight. Regular provision of fruit in school lunches was associated with a reduced risk of overweight among elementary school girls (odds ratio (OR): 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30–0.92), and having someone at home to prepare fruit was associated with a reduced risk of overweight in elementary school boys (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43–0.94) and girls (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43–0.93). Conclusions: The frequency of fruit intake was low among disadvantaged youth. Increasing access to fruit in their food environments appears to enhance consumption and lower the risk of overweight, especially for elementary school girls.

Qualidade de vida de enfermeiros e sua relação com a alimentação e o cortisol

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida de enfermeiros de um serviço público em Sinop-MT Metodologia: Estudo transversal com 33 enfermeiros. As variáveis sociodemográficas, de qualidade de vida, do consumo alimentar e antropométricas foram obtidas através de quatro questionários autoaplicáveis. O cortisol plasmático foi coletado e avaliado por laboratório privado da região. As análises foram realizadas pelo Statistical Package for the Social Sciences e Graph Pad Prism, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados e Conclusões: Houve predomínio de enfermeiros casados, do sexo feminino e de classe econômica A ou B. O escore de alimentação correlacionou-se positiva e significantemente com o dominio psicológico e nível de cortisol. O cortisol médio foi de 11,6 ug/dle correlacionou-se positiva e significantemente com os domínios físico, ambiente e ao escore geral de qualidade de vida. O peso corporal correlacionou-se inversa e significantemente com os domínios físico, psicológico, ambiente, o escore geral de qualidade de vida e à classe socioeconômica. Os enfermeiros possuem alto nível socioeconômico e baixa prevalência de excesso de peso. A percepção da qualidade de vida geral e nos seus quatro domínios pelos enfermeiros estudados foi regular e boa. O consumo alimentar e outros hábitos de vida apresentaram-se razoáveis, requerendo atenção por parte destes profissionais.

Fluid overload is associated with use of a higher number of antihypertensive drugs in hemodialysis patients.

Hypertension is multifactorial, highly prevalent in the hemodialysis (HD) population and its adequate control requires, in addition to adequate volume management, often the use of multiple antihypertensive drugs. We aimed to describe the use of antihypertensive agents in a group of HD patients and to evaluate the factors associated with the use of multiple classes (≥3) of antihypertensives. We analyzed the baseline data from the HDFit study. Clinically stable patients with HD vintage between 3 and 24 months without any severe mobility limitation were recruited from sites throughout southern Brazil. Fluid status was measured pre-dialysis with the Body Composition Monitor (BCM; Fresenius, Germany). Fluid overload (FO) was considered when the overhydration index (OH) was greater than 7% of extracellular water (OH/ECW > 7%) and overweight was defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 kg/m2 . Prescriptions of antihypertensive drugs were obtained from participants' reports and medical records. Logistic regression was employed to determine factors associated with excessive use of antihypertensive medication (≥3 classes). Of 195 studied patients, 171 with complete data were included (70% male, 53 ± 15 years old, 57% of them with FO). Pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 150 ± 24 mmHg and patients used a median of 2 (1-3) antihypertensive drugs. Vasodilators (20%) were of lowest prevalence, use of other classes varied from 40% to 53%. Sixty-two (36%) subjects used ≥3 classes and presented a higher prevalence of diabetes and FO, lower prevalence of overweight, and higher SBP. In a logistic regression model age, BMI <25 kg/m2 , and OH/ECW > 7% were associated with excessive drug use. More than one-third of participants used ≥3 classes of antihypertensive drugs, and it was associated with older age, BMI <25 kg/m2 and FO. Strategies that better manage FO may aid better blood pressure control and avoid the use of multiple antihypertensive medications.

Nutritional status and outcomes of superficial femoral artery stenting due to intermittent claudication

The pathogenesis of in-stent restenosis is still not clear. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional status of patients with lower limb ischemia and the risk of target lesion revascularization (TLR) after superficial femoral artery (SFA) stenting. Numerous parameters of nutritional status assessment were compared between 70 patients undergoing SFA endovascular intervention with a self-expandable plane stent due to life-limiting intermittent claudication and 40 patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS). All subjects were followed up for at least 1 year in relation to outcomes such as clinically driven TLR occurrence. Patients undergoing SFA stenting had a lower prevalence of overweight and obesity than those who underwent CAS (51.43% vs. 72.50%; P=0.031). An increase in Ankle-Brachial Index of >0.15 after SFA stenting (early end-point) was positively associated with greater handgrip strength (HGS), fat-free mass, skeletal muscle mass and waist-to-hip ratio. Freedom from TLR (late end-point) was significantly related to a higher waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), HGS and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) Score. The 1-year risk of TLR for patients with a WHtR of ≥61.39 amounted to odds ratio; 95% confidence interval: 0.21; 0.05-0.25; P=0.021. Parameters of nutritional status assessment were associated with early and late outcomes of SFA stenting in patients with intermittent claudication. Abdominal fat distribution and higher HGS and GNRI scores lowered the 1-year risk of TLR. Further study is needed to determine the pathomechanism of the obesity paradox, sarcopenia and undernutrition in relation to outcomes of endovascular interventions.

Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors among Orang Asli in Tasik Chini, Pahang

Introduction: The health status of Orang Asli (OA) in Malaysia often lag behind other races with under-nutrition and communicable diseases remain significant. While there is an upward trend of non-communicable diseases (NCD) in this country due to modernisation of lifestyle, how this change affecting OA is a public health interest. Materials and method: A community based survey was conducted involving 225 OA from Jakun tribe aged above 18 years living in three villages around Tasik Chini, Pahang in 2017. Results: There were low prevalence of overweight and high blood pressure (18.8% and 14.2%). Random blood sugar 5.6 mmol/L was found in 23.4% but only five villagers (0.02%) were eventually diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Majority (63.7%) of OA in the three villages smoke products of tobacco. Conclusion: The NCD risk among this fringe OA community is still insignificant as shown by low prevalence of overweight, high blood pressure, and diabetes even when compared to national figures for other Bumiputera in Malaysia (30%, 18.6%, and 10.7% respectively). However, the prevalence of smoking was strikingly higher than 2015 national figure for other Bumiputera (25.8%). This is contributed by high rate of smoking among women and established cultural practice. The findings highlighted the need for customization in smoking intervention for OA.

Branched-Chain amino acids intake is negatively related to body adiposity in individuals at cardiometabolic risk

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the relationship between branched-chain amino acids intake in the current diet and the metabolic and body adiposity markers in a population at cardiovascular risk. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with 282 adults and elderly people from the Cardiovascular Health Care Program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and body composition data, as well as metabolic biomarkers were collected using standardized protocols. Dietary intake of branched amino acids was assessed using a 24-hour recall. Results Individuals with a higher branched-chain amino acids intake (≥2.6g/day, median value) had lower body fat (29.6 vs 32.2%; p=0.019), and higher serum ferritin (113.2 vs. 60.1mg/dL; p=0.006) and uric acid concentrations (4.4 vs. 4.0; p=0.023). In addition, a lower prevalence of overweight and excessive abdominal fat (p&lt;0.05) was found in the individuals with higher branched-chain amino acids intake. They also had a higher daily intake of fiber, copper, zinc, magnesium, and iron, as well as a lower intake of total lipids. Conclusion In the present study, the intake of branched amino acids is negatively related to total and central adiposity, but more studies are needed to fully elucidate this possible relationship. (Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials, code RBR-5n4y2g).