Low Parental Support Research Articles

Teachers’ Research Characteristics, Competencies, Motivation, and Challenges: Basis for Research Manual

The study aimed to investigate the teachers' research characteristics, competencies, motivation, and challenges in conducting research, which served as a basis for developing a research manual. Explanatory sequential design was employed to elicit quantitative and qualitative data. Nine hundred teacher respondents using convenience sampling and twenty-five master teachers using purposive sampling voluntarily participated. Findings reveal that teachers were interested in teaching and learning research themes but produced less research based on the number of completed, presented, and published research papers. Also, they were moderately competent in conceptual, methodological, data analysis and interpretation, and dissemination and utilization aspects but more competent in technical aspects. However, they were extrinsically motivated to do research work to get promoted someday to get higher salaries. On the other hand, they were intrinsically motivated to do research work to improve their knowledge and skills and solve school problems. Meanwhile, teachers’ challenges arose, like low-level competence, limited time, financial problems, and low parental and learner support. Hence, a research manual was based on the teachers’ competencies, motivation, and challenges that must be created locally. So, school administrators may implement research-capability programs to upgrade the teachers’ research competencies, provide technical assistance, and finance the teachers’ research projects to motivate them.

APPLICATION OF EMOTIONAL REGULATION AND ACCEPTANCE-COMMITMENT THERAPIES IN ENHANCING ACADEMIC SURVIVAL OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN IBADAN METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

The public secondary school students are exposed to challenges such as low parental support, poor parental background, lack of conducive school environment, teachers’ negative attitude; poor finance to meet up basic needs at school and these resulted in inability to successfully complete their studies. The simple random sampling technique was used to select three local governments in the Ibadan Metropolis. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses that were stated in this study. There was a significant main effect of treatments on academic survival (F2, 30 = 5.725, p < 0.05, η2 = 0.436), there was no significant main effect of academic self-efficacy in improving academic survival among participants (F2, 30 = 0.075, p > 0.05, partial η2 = .001). ACT and ERT were efficacious in improving academic survival among participants.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0851/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Understanding Mathematically Talented Male Learners’ Perception of Teaching Mathematics as a Profession: A Path Analysis

ABSTRACT This descriptive-correlational research aimed to examine the predictive and mediational role of parental support, classroom environment, value, attitude, and anxiety in the perception towards teaching mathematics as a profession of mathematically talented male senior high school learners. One hundred eighteen learners from purposively selected public and private schools in Iloilo City and in the districts of the province of Iloilo participated in the study. Six adapted instruments were used to gather data, which underwent content validation and reliability testing. Means, frequency, standard deviations, Pearson’s product-moment correlations, Multiple Linear Regression and Path Analysis, were the statistical tools used. Results revealed that mathematically talented male learners have moderate parental support, a positive classroom environment, a very useful value of mathematics, a strongly positive attitude, low anxiety, and a moderately high perception towards teaching mathematics. When classified according to parental support, learners who received moderate and high parental support outscored learners with low parental support in their attitude towards mathematics and perception towards teaching mathematics. Also, learners in the positive group outperformed learners in the slightly positive group in their attitude towards mathematics when classified according to the classroom environment. Parental support, value, and attitude can directly predict the perception towards teaching mathematics, but not classroom environment and anxiety. Moreover, parental support, value and attitude were partially mediated while classroom environment was completely mediated on the influence the perception towards teaching Mathematics by the other constructs included in the model. Furthermore, the classroom environment influences the perception towards teaching mathematics. Parental support has the highest contribution in predicting the perception towards teaching mathematics. In conclusion, these findings indicated that parental support has the biggest attribution in predicting mathematically talented male learners’ perceptions towards teaching mathematics.

The mediating effect of bullying on parental–peer support matching and NSSI behaviour among adolescents

BackgroundBeing subjected to bullying is a significant risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents. Parental support, peer support, and social connectedness play protective roles in mitigating NSSI in this population. However, the precise impact of the combined effects of parental and peer support on bullying and NSSI requires further investigation.MethodsThis study employed the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale, Delaware Bullying Victimisation Scale, Social Connectedness Scale, and the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory to survey 1277 Chinese adolescents. Polynomial regression analysis and response surface analysis were applied to examine the mediating role of bullying and social connectedness in the relationship between parental and peer support matching and NSSI.ResultsThe results indicate that parental support (r = 0.287, P < 0.001), peer support (r = 0.288, P < 0.001), and social connectedness (r = 0.401, P < 0.001) were protective factors against NSSI in adolescents. Conversely, bullying (r = 0.425, P < 0.001) acts as a risk factor for NSSI in this population. Adolescents with low parental and peer support experienced more bullying than those with high parental and peer support, while those with low parental but high peer support experienced less bullying than those with high parental but low peer support (R^2 = 0.1371, P < 0.001). Social connectedness moderated the effect between bullying and NSSI in this model (β = 0.006, P < 0.001).LimitationsDue to the under-representation of participants and lack of longitudinal data support, the explanatory power of causality between variables was limited. Future studies should include national samples and incorporate longitudinal studies to enhance the generalisability and robustness of the findings.ConclusionThis study reveals the influence mechanism of parental and peer support matching experienced by adolescents on bullying and NSSI and the moderating role of social connectedness. These findings enrich the developmental theory of adolescent NSSI and provide reference for the prevention and intervention of adolescent NSSI behaviour.

Sexual risk behaviour among in-school adolescents in Central America

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to assess sexual risk behaviours among young people in Central America. Secondary data were analysed from 15,807 school adolescents (mean age = 14.4 years) who were part of the most recent cross-sectional Global School Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) in six Central American countries. Results show that almost a quarter (24.3%) of participants had sexual initiation, with 19.7% in Guatemala and 40.9% in Panama. Among those students who had sexual initiation, 51.7% had it early (≤14 years), 27.7% had non-condom use, 45.1% had non-birth control use and 41.5% had multiple sexual partners. Older age (≥15 years), male sex, psychological distress, suicide attempt, bullying victimization, school truancy, in physical fight, history of alcohol intoxication, trouble from alcohol use, no physical education, physical injury, soft drink intake and low parental support were associated with sexual risk behaviours. One in four adolescents in the Central America had sexual risk behaviours, calling for interventions.

Digital Application of Echolalia Behavioral Assessment for Teachers in Conducting Assessments of Autistic Students in Surakarta

This study aims to describe and provide solutions to obstacles to echolalia behavior assessment in autistic students in Surakarta. This research is descriptive qualitative research by digging information from 18 teachers as research subjects. Data collection techniques using interviews and observation. The validity test used in this research is constructed validity which is obtained using validity testing by experts (expert judgment). While the reliability test of the instrument by analyzing the consistency of one's answers to the questions. The results of the study illustrate that there are various obstacles for teachers in providing assessments for autistic students, including (1) limited experts, (2) inadequate infrastructure, and (3) low parental support. As for how to overcome these obstacles, it is done by making a digital application for evaluating echolalia behavior that can make it easier for teachers to provide assessments to autistic students to improve their speaking skills of autistic students. This application contains information about autism, echolalia behavior, its impact, assessment guidelines, and interventions in the form of an android that is practical and easy to use and uses the latest technology.

Post-pandemic psychosocial variables affecting academic dropout in a sample of Chilean higher-education students

IntroductionUniversity dropouts are a problem in the Chilean higher education system, which causes psychosocial and economic damage and requires further studies to understand it comprehensively. This study aimed to determine the psychosocial variables influencing the risk of dropping out of the higher education system in a sample of Chilean university students post-pandemic.MethodsWith a sample of 655 students from the Chilean higher education system and with a cross-sectional study design taken in November 2022, a questionnaire was applied with sociodemographic and other variables of interest, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale DASS-21, the EAC-19 Coronavirus Affect Scale, the ECE Emotional Exhaustion Scale; the Okasha Suicide Scale, and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). We performed descriptive, bivariate, and multiple logistic regression analyses through SPSS version 25. Variables with a value of p &amp;lt;0.05 in the final model were declared statistically significant. Odds ratios (OR) were adjusted to 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), which were used to determine the independent predictor variables.ResultsSignificant variables for the risk of dropping out of higher education were: failing four or more courses [AOR = 3.434; 95% CI: 1.272, 9.269], having depressive symptoms [AOR = 1.857; 95% CI: 1.214, 2.839], having suicidal ideation and thoughts [AOR = 2.169; 95% CI: 1.509, 3.118], having clinical insomnia [AOR = 2.024; 95% CI: 1.400, 2.927], low parental support [AOR = 1.459; 95% CI: 1.029, 2.069], impaired performance during the pandemic [AOR = 1.882; 95% CI: 1.317, 2.690], and impaired socioeconomic status during the pandemic [AOR = 1.649; 95% CI: 1.153, 2.357].ConclusionChilean higher education institutions should pay attention to the risk factors resulting from this research, such as students with more than four failed courses during their career, depressive symptoms, suicidal thoughts, clinical insomnia, low parental support, and affectation in performance and socioeconomic level during the pandemic, which could contribute to improving academic retention indicators.

Pressure, bullying and low social support predict depressive symptoms and self-directed violence

Abstract Background More in-depth evidence about the complex relationships between risk and protective factors and mental health among adolescents has been warranted. Thus, the aim of the study was to examine the direct and indirect effects of experiencing pressure, bullying, and low social support on depressive symptoms and self-directed violence in adolescence. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 among 15 823 Norwegian adolescents, aged 13-19 years. Structural Equation Modelling was used to assess the relationships between socioeconomic status, pressure, bullying, social support, depressive symptoms, self-harm and suicide thoughts. Results Poor family economy and low parental education predicted high pressure, bullying, low parental support and depressive symptoms in males and females. Further, high pressure predicted depressive symptoms among males and females, and self-harm and suicide thoughts among females, but not males. Bullying predicted depressive symptoms, self-harm, and suicide thoughts among males and females. Low parental support predicted bullying, depressive symptoms, self-harm and suicide thoughts among males and females, and high pressure among females, but not males. Low teacher support predicted high pressure, depressive symptoms, whereas low friends support predicted bullying, depressive symptoms and suicide thoughts among males and females, and self-harm among males, but not females. Results also showed that depressive symptoms predicted self-harm and suicide thoughts among males and females. Finally, pressure, bullying and depressive symptoms were the main mediators by which family economy, parental education, friends support, teacher support and parental support predicted self-harm and suicide thoughts. Conclusions Low socioeconomic status, pressure, bullying and low social support were important predictors of depressive symptoms and self-directed violence among Norwegian adolescents through direct and indirect mechanisms. Key messages • These results also provide increased knowledge about how multiple risk and protective factors across domains impact both depressive symptoms, self-harm and suicide thoughts among adolescents. • This study highlights the importance of policies aiming at reducing economic and social inequalities, as they may also improve youth mental health.

Prevalence and predictors of comorbid current alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use among school adolescents in Liberia and Mauritius

This study aimed to provide estimates on current comorbid alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use among school adolescents in Liberia and Mauritius. Secondary data were analysed from the 2017 national and cross-sectional school health surveys in Liberia and Mauritius which sampled 4 934 adolescents (median age 17 years). One in five students (20.6%) reported one type of current substance use, 6.2% two types of current substance use, and 3.8% three types of current substance use. Almost one in 10 (7.8%) students reported current alcohol and tobacco use, 4.6% current alcohol and cannabis use, and 5.2% current cannabis and tobacco use. Male sex, older age, parental tobacco use, passive smoking, psychological distress, soft drink intake, school truancy and low parental support were associated with a higher degree of comorbid substance. One in 10 students engaged in two or three types of current substance use, and several associated factors were identified. Interventions targeting comorbid substance use among adolescents should prioritise identified associated factors.

Hubungan Dukungan Orang Tua dengan Motivasi Belajar Siswa pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Sekolah Menengah Pertama

Learning motivations is a sense of enthusiasm felt by students with the characteristics of feeling and taking action to achieve a goal. The role of parents at home greatly influences the student’s learning process during distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parental support and student learning motivation during the Covid-19 pandemic in junior high schools. This type of research is quantitative with a correlative research design using design cross sectional, using a proportional random sampling technique to 100 respondents. The results of the study were respondents who had high parental support with a high level of learning motivation (65.2%), and with low learning motivation (34.8%). Meanwhile, respondents who have low parental support with a high level of motivation to learn (22,2%), and with low motivation (77,8%) with a value of p = 0.000 (p&lt; 0,05). The results showed a positive relationship between parental support and student motivation in junior high schools. Suggestions for parents are expected to spend their time and pay more attention to children's learning, so that children will have enthusiasm for learning.

ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI MERBAUN KABUPATEN KUPANG

The purposes of this study were (1) to find out what learning difficulties were experienced by fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Merbaun, Kupang Regency, (2) to find out what factors influenced learning difficulties for fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Merbaun, Kupang Regency, and (3) to find out how to overcome learning difficulties for fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Merbaun, Kupang Regency. This research method is qualitative, with data collection techniques using observation techniques, interview techniques, data collection techniques using observation techniques, interview techniques, and documentation studies. The data analysis technique used was descriptive qualitative, the number of informants was 6 people consisting of 1 homeroom teacher and 5 students. The results of the data analysis show the type of learning difficulties experienced by fourth-grade students at Merbaun Public Elementary School, Kupang Regency, namely students having difficulty understanding the material. As for the factorts that influence student learning difficulties include (1) learning tools/facilities, (2) laziness and boredom, and (3) low parental support. Efforts can be made to overcome the learning difficulties of fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Merbaun, Kupang Regency, namely (1) the importance of assisting parents in the learning process and (2) creating interesting learning methods and strategies.

Odrednice sagorijevanja u roditeljstvu

Parental burnout is a syndrome characterised by exhaustion in parenting as a result of permanent exposure to chronic parental stress. This syndrome manifests in emotional distancing from one's children with loss of pleasure and fulfilment in one's parental role and doubts about the ability to be a good parent. The main goal was to examine the contribution of sociodemographic variables (gender and age of parents, education, work status and financial status of the family), personal characteristics of parents (emotional (in)stability and perfectionism in parenting), dimensions of parental behaviour (parental support, permissiveness and restrictive control) and personal characteristics of the target child (gender, age, strengths and difficulties of the child) in explaining parental burnout. A total of 490 parents (90% mothers) participated in the research, with the average age of 40 (M = 40,04; SD = 5,63). The results of HRA show that the most significant predictors of parental burnout are parental characteristics (higher emotional instability and perfectionistic concerns), parental behaviour (low parental support) and child characteristics (younger age of the child, higher level of internalised and externalised problems). The emotional (in)stability of parents is the most significant predictor of parental burnout in the parental role.

The Impact of Implementing Games with Parental Support on Fundamental Movement Skills of Elementary School Students

This research aims to determine the impact of Galah Asin games with parental support on the fundamental movement skills of elementary school students. The sampling technique by dividing the population into two groups: a group that used the Galah Asin game (group I) and a group that used a modified Galah Asin game (group II) in the test of the level of support from the student's parents in carrying out movement activities. Based on test results, each group was ranked, and then 27% from the top were taken as a group with high parental support and 27% from the bottom as a group with low parental support. The method employed in this research was an experimental method with a 2x2 ANOVA design. Based on the results, the modification of the Galah Asin game has no better impact than the Galah Asin game on fundamental movement skills in elementary school students. There is an interaction between the Galah Asin game and parental support of fundamental movement skills in elementary school students. Students with high parental support do not have a better impact on fundamental movement skills than students with low parental support in elementary school students. Galah Asin game modifications have a better impact than Galah Asin games on fundamental movement skills for students with high parental support in elementary school.

Levels and Pattern of Alcohol Consumption among Adolescents in Bolivia: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in 2018

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of four alcohol use indicators among male and female school adolescents in Bolivia. In total, 7931 participants (M = 15.5 years, SD = 1.6) responded to a questionnaire in a cross-sectional nationally representative school survey in Bolivia in 2018. The proportion of current alcohol use was 26.4%, heavy alcohol use 11.1%, ever having been drunk 24.1%, and trouble resulting from alcohol use 21.4%. Among boys, older age, current cannabis use, multiple sexual partners, being in a physical fight, school truancy, soft drink intake, injury and psychological distress increased the risk of current alcohol use and/or heavy drinking. Among girls, older age, multiple sexual partners, fast food intake, being in a physical fight, school truancy, sedentary behaviour and psychological distress increased the risk of current alcohol use and/or heavy drinking. Older age, multiple sexual partners, current cannabis use, low parental support and school truancy were associated with trouble from alcohol use and history of intoxication in both sexes. Among boys, ever having used amphetamines, fast food intake, injury, peer support, and being in a physical fight were associated with ever having been drunk; and among girls, sedentary behaviour and psychological distress increased the odds of ever having been drunk. The study found that more than one in ten adolescents engage in heavy alcohol use, and several sex specific factors are identified for four alcohol use indicators.

Understanding Oral Prep Interest Among South African Adolescents: The Role of Perceived Parental Support and PrEP Stigma.

We examined oral PrEP interest among adolescents and its association with perceived parental support and PrEP stigma. Cross-sectional data were collected during baseline procedures of the "Our Family Our Future" intervention trial in South Africa. Adolescents (14-16 years) at elevated risk for acquiring HIV and their parents or caregivers were dyadically enrolled from 2018 to 2021. There were 879 complete adolescent-parent dyads. Among adolescents, 27% had heard about PrEP, 67% reported they would want to use PrEP, and 58% thought their parent would want them to use PrEP. Among parents, 33% had heard about PrEP and 85% reported they would want their adolescent to use PrEP. Adolescents who thought their parent would want them to use PrEP were more likely to be interested in PrEP than adolescents who thought their parent would not want them to use PrEP (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 2.11, 95% CI 1.82, 2.44). Further, adolescents with higher average PrEP stigma scores above the adolescent sample median were less likely to be interested in PrEP than adolescents with lower average PrEP stigma scores (aPR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.72, 0.91). In conclusion, parents were more supportive of their adolescent taking PrEP than adolescents perceived they would be, and perceptions of low parental support and greater PrEP stigma were associated with reduced PrEP interest among adolescents. Interventions should aim to improve adolescent-parent communication around sexual health and effective HIV prevention tools.

Parental emotional support trajectories and the risk of adolescent overweight or obesity

AbstractWe used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (n = 6108; 50.9% males; 16.7% Black, 8.1% Hispanic, 75.2% Non‐Black, Non‐Hispanic) to examine associations between parental emotional support trajectories at 0–15 years and overweight or obesity at 15–19 years and explore the effects of timing and cumulative exposure to low parental emotional support on overweight or obesity. Parental emotional support was assessed using the Home Observation Measurement of the Environment and adolescent overweight or obesity was defined using the International Obesity Task Force cut‐offs. Latent Class Analysis was used to identify parental emotional support trajectories and Poisson regression was used to examine associations under study. Low parental emotional support in childhood increased the risk of adolescent overweight or obesity, with gender‐based differences.Highlights We examined associations between parental emotional support at 0–15 years and overweight or obesity at 15–19 years We used Latent Class Analysis to identify parental emotional support trajectories and Poisson regression to examine associations under study Low parental emotional support in childhood increased the risk of adolescent overweight or obesity, with gender‐based differences

Factors associated with single and multiple suicide attempts in adolescents attending school in Argentina: national cross-sectional survey in 2018.

Factors associated with single suicide attempts (SSA) and multiple suicide attempts (MSA) may differ. The study aimed to assess the factors associated with MSA in adolescents with a history of suicide attempts during the past 12 months in Argentina. National cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey in Argentina in 2018 were analysed. Students who reported having a history of suicide attempts in the past 12 months were included in the final sample (n = 8507). Students with MSA were compared with students with an SSA through multiple logistic regression. In a subsample of adolescents attending school (mean age 14.8 years, s.d. = 1.3), 59.4% had an SSA and 40.6% had MSA in the past 12 months. In the final adjusted logistic regression model, compared with participants with SSA, both male and female students with MSA more frequently had no close friends, reported feeling more lonely and had more anxiety-induced sleep disturbances. Furthermore, among female participants, having been physically attacked, having participated in physical fights, low parental support, current tobacco use and lifetime amphetamine use were associated with MSA. Among male students, multiple sexual partners were associated with MSA. Furthermore, among both boys and girls, compared with participants without psychosocial distress, participants with one, two, three or more psychosocial distress factors had higher odds of MSA. Compared with students with one or two social or environmental risk factors, students with seven or eight social or environmental risk factors had higher odds of MSA; compared with students who had zero or one health risk behaviours, students with six or more health risk behaviours had higher odds of MSA. Psychosocial distress (anxiety-induced sleep disturbance, having no close friends and loneliness) increased the odds of MSA among both sexes. The odds of MSA were increased by interpersonal violence, low parental support and substance use among girls, and by having multiple sexual partners among boys. This suggests the potential relevance of these variables in identifying multiple suicide attempters among adolescents attending school in Argentina.

The Association Between Physical Activity and Mathematical Achievement Among Chinese Fourth Graders: A Moderated Moderated-Mediation Model.

This study explored the association between out-of-school physical activity (PA) and mathematical achievement in relation to mathematical anxiety (MA), as well as the influence of parents’ support for their children’s physical activity on this association, to examine whether parental support for physical activity affects mental health and academic performance. Data were collected from the responses of 22,509 (52.9% boys) children in Grade 4 from six provinces across eastern, central, and western China who completed the mathematics component and the physical education and health component of the national-level education quality assessment. A moderated moderated-mediation model was tested using PROCESS v3.4 and SPSS v19.0, with socioeconomic status, school location, and body mass index as controlled variables. Out-of-school physical activity had a positive effect on children’s mathematical achievement, and math anxiety partially mediated this association. The indices of conditional moderated mediation through the parental support of both girls and boys were, respectively, significant, indicating that children can benefit from physical activity, and that increased perceived parental support for physical activity can alleviate their children’s math anxiety and improve their mathematics, regardless of gender. However, gender differences were observed in the influence of parental support for physical activity on anxiety: Although girls’ math anxiety levels were significantly higher, the anxiety levels of girls with high parental support were significantly lower than those of boys with low parental support.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Attitudes, Perceptions, and Knowledge about Unrelated Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donation: A Study of Younger Newly Recruited Potential Donors

Attrition of young adult registry members is a significant issue impacting hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) donation registries, including the Be The Match registry in the US. The resulting limited supply of allogeneic HSCs, used to treat serious health conditions, has a stronger impact on racial/ethnic minority groups in the US. Compared with young white adults, young adults identifying with these minority groups are more likely to drop out of the donor registry when called to donate. However, the underlying psychosocial factors that differ between white and nonwhite registrants have not been fully investigated. The central goal of this study was to examine demographic, registry-related, and donation-related characteristics in a young, newly registered group of potential donors and to determine whether these characteristics differed by, or were distributed differently among, racial/ethnic groups. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in a random sample of young (age 18 to 30 years) newly registered members, stratified by racial/ethnic group and sex. Demographic, registry-related (eg, context and motive for joining the registry), and donation-related (eg, ambivalence, religious objections to donation, knowledge about donation) characteristics were assessed. The chi-square test and analysis of variance were used to examine differences among racial/ethnic groups. Discriminant function analysis was used to assess whether patterns of the 3 classes of characteristics were associated with membership in particular racial/ethnic groups. A total of 524 participants were surveyed. Joining online was most common among white individuals, whereas joining at college was most common among black and Hispanic individuals. Ambivalence toward donation was higher among Asian/Pacific Islanders compared with white or multiracial/multiethnic individuals. Discriminant function analysis revealed 4 psychosocial/attitudinal functions predicting membership in certain racial/ethnic groups. The function accounting for the most variance in responses included mistrust of HSC allocation, religious objections to donation, low parental support, and low knowledge level. This function discriminated significantly between the white and nonwhite groups. Another function also identified ambivalence as a discriminating factor, which was most strongly associated with Asian/Pacific Islanders. Among young adult members of an HSC donor registry, such factors as ambivalence, family concerns about donation, mistrust of HSC allocation, religious objections, and less knowledge about donation were more strongly associated with membership in the nonwhite groups compared with the white group. These factors are known to be associated with a higher risk of opting out after having been preliminarily matched with a patient. The finding that these characteristics are associated with racial/ethnic minority group membership provides targets for recruitment strategies aimed at improving retention of young registry members.

Neural signatures of the development of antisocial behaviours and callous-unemotional traits among youth: The moderating role of parental support.

Comorbidity of antisocial behaviours (AB) and callous-unemotional (CU) traits characterizes a subgroup of youth at risk for chronic and severe AB in adulthood. Although aberrant neural response to facial emotion confers heightened risk for AB and CU traits, the behavioural effect of this neural response varies by family context. The present study examines the effects of neural response to emotional faces, parental support and the interaction between the two as predictors of AB and CU traits in a longitudinal sample of preadolescents (Nbaseline = 11,883; Mage = 9.5; 47.8% female). Low CU youth who evinced attenuated response to fearful faces within the left superior temporal sulcus and fusiform gyrus showed smaller decreases of AB over time; these associations did not extend to high CU youth. Among high CU youth reporting low parental support, blunted response to fearful faces within the bilateral inferior parietal sulcus predicted smaller decreases of AB. Study findings highlight neurobehavioural differences between youth with high and low CU traits, as well as the interacting roles of negative face processing and parental support in the development of AB.