Low Omega Research Articles

Flows, circulations, and energy transport in the outer and deep atmospheres of synchronous and non-synchronous hot Jupiters

Recent studies have shown that vertical enthalpy transport can explain the inflated radii of highly irradiated gaseous exoplanets. Simultaneously, they have also shown that rotation can influence this transport, leading to highly irradiated, rapidly rotating objects that are uninflated. Here we explore the flows that underpin this transport, including the impact of synchronous or non-synchronous rotation. We used DYNAMICO to run a series of long timescale HD209458b-like atmospheric models at various rotation rates. For models that are tidally locked we considered rotation rates between $1/16^ th $ and $40$ times the rotation rate of HD209458b, whilst for non-synchronous models, we considered the range one-eighth to four times HD209458b. We find that our synchronous models fall into one of three Omega -dependent regimes. At low Omega , we find that the outer atmosphere dynamics are driven by a divergent day-night wind which drives weak vertical transport and can lead to the formation of a night-side hot-spot. At intermediate Omega , we find classical hot Jupiter dynamics, whilst at high Omega we find a strong Coriolis effect that suppresses off-equator dynamics, including the jet-driving standing waves, thus also reducing vertical transport. As for non-synchronicity, when small, we find that it has little effect on the dynamics. However as it grows, we find that temporal variations prevent the formation of the persistent structures that drive large-scale dynamics and transport. We find that rotation can significantly impact the atmospheric dynamics of irradiated exoplanets, including vertical enthalpy advection, which may help explain the scatter in the hot Jupiter radius-irradiation relation. We have also identified a seemingly robust atmospheric feature at slow rotation: a night-side hot-spot. As this may have important implications for both the phase curve and atmospheric chemistry, we suggest that this study be followed up with next-generation global circulation models (GCMs) that robustly model radiation and chemistry.

Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Formation of Adipokines, Cytokines, and Oxylipins in Retroperitoneal Adi-Pose Tissue of Mice.

Oxylipins and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are mediators that coordinate an active process of inflammation resolution. While these mediators have potential as circulating biomarkers for several disease states with inflammatory components, the source of plasma oxylipins/SPMs remains a matter of debate but may involve white adipose tissue (WAT). Here, we aimed to investigate to what extent high or low omega (n)-3 PUFA enrichment affects the production of cytokines and adipokines (RT-PCR), as well as oxylipins/SPMs (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) in the WAT of mice during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation (intraperitoneal injection, 2.5 mg/kg, 24 h). For this purpose, n-3 PUFA genetically enriched mice (FAT-1), which endogenously synthesize n-3 PUFAs, were compared to wild-type mice (WT) and combined with n-3 PUFA-sufficient or deficient diets. LPS-induced systemic inflammation resulted in the decreased expression of most adipokines and interleukin-6 in WAT, whereas the n-3-sufficient diet increased them compared to the deficient diet. The n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid was decreased in WAT of FAT-1 mice, while n-3 derived PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid) and their metabolites (oxylipins/SPMs) were increased in WAT by genetic and nutritional n-3 enrichment. Several oxylipins/SPMs were increased by LPS treatment in WAT compared to PBS-treated controls in genetically n-3 enriched FAT-1 mice. Overall, we show that WAT may significantly contribute to circulating oxylipin production. Moreover, n-3-sufficient or n-3-deficient diets alter adipokine production. The precise interplay between cytokines, adipokines, and oxylipins remains to be further investigated.

Redefining Candidates for Deintensification in Locoregionally Advanced P16+ Oropharyngeal Cancer Based on Relative Risk

Randomized trials have found that patients with locoregionally advanced p16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) do not benefit from treatment deintensification, even among favorable risk groups. Although various methods have been used to identify candidates for treatment deintensification, the optimal approach is unknown. We conducted a multi-institutional cohort study of 444 patients with previously untreated p16+ OPSCC undergoing definitive radiation therapy with or without systemic therapy between 2009 and 2022. We compared the following 2 approaches for identifying candidates for deintensification: (1) favorable versus unfavorable risk, using NRG-HN005 eligibility criteria, and (2) low versus high relative risk of cancer events, using the Head and Neck Cancer Intergroup predictive classifier ("omega score"). We tested differences in outcomes and systemic therapy allocation by risk group using multivariable Cox models, competing event models, and logistic regression, and compared characteristics of hypothetical deintensification trials using the 2 approaches. Progression-free survival events were defined as cancer recurrence (locoregional or distant) or death from any cause. Median follow-up time was 52 months; 120 patients (27.0%) were favorable risk; a different 120 patients had low omega score; 28 patients (6.3%) met both criteria; 184 patients (41.4%) had discordant classification. On ordinal logistic regression, decreasing omega score was associated with a statistically significantly lower odds of receiving intensive therapy (normalized odds ratio, 0.37 per SD; 95% CI, 0.24-0.57), with a greater magnitude than favorable risk group (odds ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.44-0.99). Among patients receiving cisplatin and/or platinum-based induction (n = 374), favorable risk was associated with significantly improved progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36-0.99), whereas lower omega score was associated with a significantly decreased relative hazard for cancer events (relative hazard ratio, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.070-0.46). In simulations, selecting patients with low omega scores increased the efficiency of hypothetical noninferiority trials. Considering patients' relative risk of cancer events can help define optimal populations for treatment deintensification in p16+ OPSCC.

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) low temperature processing: Oil quality and fatty acids profile

Flaxseed consumption has been prioritized by health-conscious people all over the world. Its consumption raises interest to it both from a personal and an industrial prospect due to its remarkable fatty acids profile. Besides its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, flaxseed oil is known for its low omega 6/omega 3 ratio, which may possess health improving properties because this oil is precursor of anti-inflammatory molecules. However, the high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in flaxseed oil causes its high sensitivity to high temperatures, to light and to oxygen, which may lead to its oxidation and quality degradation. Screw pressing can produce high quality oil but in lesser volume, which could be disadvantage. Therefore, the extraction process must be optimized for maximizing oil recovery, while maintaining oxidation indicators within limits specified by regulations, as well as a potentially health beneficial fatty acid profile. Optimization of screw press parameters for pressing out the flaxseed oil were investigated by Response Surface Methodology. Both size of the cake outlet and the speed of the screw pressing were optimized, and the values that provided the highest experimental oil recovery, 41.4%, were of 1 mm and 155.89 rpm respectively. Although the overall trend in oil extraction showed a rising oil recovery when screw speeds increased from 98.73 up to 213.05 rpm, certain fluctuations were observed in oil extraction with varying outlet cake sizes. However, there was an inversely-proportional function between the oil recovery and the size of the cake outlet, therefore, screw speed provided a minor, non-significant effect while the size of the cake outlet proved to have a strong effect on oil recovery. The highest acid value and peroxide value accounted to 0.71 mg KOH/g and to 7.71 meq/kg respectively. Sediment content (SC) of screw pressed flax oil ranged between 9.12~14%. During the oil extraction at the maximum yield, temperature increased, however the ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 in the obtained oil still remained low.

Comparison of Standard vs. Relative Risk Models to Define Candidates for Deintensification in Locoregionally Advanced P16+ Oropharyngeal Cancer

Various methods to identify candidates for treatment deintensification with p16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) have been used, but the optimal approach is unknown. Multi-institutional cohort study of 385 patients with previously untreated p16+ OPSCC undergoing definitive radiotherapy (RT) with or without systemic therapy between 2009-2020. Chemotherapy intensity was categorized as high (bolus cisplatin and/or induction chemotherapy), medium (weekly cisplatin), or low (non-cisplatin or RT alone). Standard favorable vs. unfavorable risk was defined using NRG HN005 eligibility criteria. High vs. low relative risk (RR) group was defined using the HNCIG omega score (≥ 0.80 vs. < 0.80), which quantifies the proportion of a patient's overall event risk due to cancer. We used multivariable ordinal logistic regression to estimate effects of age (yrs), sex, performance status (PS), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), T/N (AJCC 8th), current smoking, and pack-years (> 10 vs. ≤ 10) on treatment allocation. Effects on relative event hazards were estimated using generalized competing event regression. Median follow-up time was 44.2 months. Chemotherapy intensity was high in 206 (54%), medium in 108 (28%), and low in 71 (18%). 280 patients (73%) were unfavorable risk and 197 (51%) were high RR. 178 patients (46%) had discordant risk classification. On univariable analysis, significant predictors of higher intensity chemotherapy (normalized odds ratio (OR)) were CCI 0-1 (OR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.23-1.79), high omega score (OR 1.46; 1.20-1.77), decreased age (OR 1.43; 1.18-1.74), and PS 0 (OR 1.22; 1.01-1.48). Controlling for CCI, higher omega score was associated with significantly higher odds of intensive chemotherapy (OR 1.35; 1.10-1.65, but unfavorable risk (HN005 ineligibility) was not (OR 1.19; 0.98-1.44). Higher omega score was also associated with significantly higher RR for cancer recurrence (Rec) vs. competing mortality (CM) events (relative HR (rHR) 1.76; 1.12-2.75), but unfavorable risk was not (rHR 1.05; 0.63-1.75). Among patients receiving cisplatin, 50 favorable risk patients (58%) had high RR; all of their event risk was due to cancer recurrence (Table). The 110 unfavorable risk patients (48%) with low omega score had significantly lower RR for cancer events compared to the high omega score group (rHR 0.49; 0.29-0.84). Many patients with favorable risk p16+ OPSCC have high relative risk for cancer events, which correlates with a benefit of intensive treatment. The HNCIG omega score is a strong predictor of allocation to intensive chemotherapy and may help identify candidates for deintensification.

Amphetamine-Related Fatalities and Altered Brain Chemicals: A Preliminary Investigation Using the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database.

Amphetamine is a psychostimulant drug with a high risk of toxicity and death when misused. Abuse of amphetamines is associated with an altered organic profile, which includes omega fatty acids. Low omega fatty acid levels are linked to mental disorders. Using the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database (CTD), we investigated the chemical profile of the brain in amphetamine-related fatalities and the possibility of neurotoxicity. We classified amphetamine cases as low (0-0.5 g/mL), medium (>0.5 to 1.5 g/mL), and high (>1.5 g/mL), based on amphetamine levels in brain samples. All three groups shared 1-octadecene, 1-tridecene, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosane, and oleylamide. We identified chemical-disease associations using the CTD tools and predicted an association between DHA, AA and curated conditions like autistic disorder, disorders related to cocaine, Alzheimer's disease, and cognitive dysfunction. An amphetamine challenge may cause neurotoxicity in the human brain due to a decrease in omega-3 fatty acids and an increase in oxidative products. Therefore, in cases of amphetamine toxicity, a supplement therapy may be needed to prevent omega-3 fatty acid deficiency.

Effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Prostate Cancer Outcomes According to Competing Event Risk: Secondary Analysis of a Phase 3 Randomised Trial

BackgroundPrevious studies indicate that the benefit of short-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer depends on competing risks. ObjectiveTo determine whether a quantitative method to stratify patients by risk for competing events (omega score) could identify subgroups that selectively benefit from ADT. Design, setting, and participantsAn ancillary analysis of NRG/RTOG 9408 phase 3 trial (NCT00002597) involving 1945 prostate cancer patients was conducted. InterventionShort-term ADT. Outcome measurements and statistical analysisWe applied generalised competing event regression models incorporating age, performance status, comorbidity, T category, Gleason score (GS), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), to stratify patients according to relative hazards for primary cancer-related events (distant metastasis or prostate cancer death) versus competing noncancer mortality. We tested interactions between ADT and subgroups defined by standard risk criteria versus relative risk (RR) using the omega score. Results and limitationsT2b, higher GS, and higher PSA were associated with an increased RR for cancer-related versus competing mortality events (a higher omega score); increased age and comorbidity were associated with a decreased omega score. Of 996 patients with low-risk/favourable intermediate-risk (FIR) disease, 286 (28.7%) had a high omega score (≥0.314). Of 768 patients with unfavourable intermediate-risk disease, 175 (22.8%) had a low omega score. The overall discordance in risk classification was 26.1%. Both standard criteria and omega score identified significant interactions for the effect of ADT on cancer-related events and late mortality in low- versus high-risk subgroups. Within the low-risk/FIR subgroup, a higher omega score identified patients in whom ADT significantly reduced cancer events and improved event-free survival. Limitations are the need for external/prospective validation and lower RT doses than contemporary standards. ConclusionsStratification based on competing event risk is useful for identifying prostate cancer patients who selectively benefit from ADT. Patient summaryWe analysed the effectiveness of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for localised prostate cancer among patients, defined by the relative risk (RR) for cancer versus noncancer events. Among patients with traditional low-risk/favourable intermediate-risk disease, those with a higher RR benefitted from short-term ADT.

Dietary Impacts on Changes in Diversity and Abundance of the Murine Microbiome During Progression and Treatment of Cancer

The microbiome has been recognized as being highly impactful for cancer outcomes, both with respect to the diversity and composition of the microbial population, as well as overall abundance. Presence or absence of certain microbial species has been correlated to improved cancer outcomes, in concert with specific treatments. However, little research has been performed to consider the reciprocal of this relationship: how different treatments, or the progression of disease, impact the microbiome. Further, though correlations have been demonstrated between dietary intake of both fats and carbohydrates and the composition and breadth of the microbiome, no studies have investigated the microbiome population as it is impacted by cancer and therapeutic treatments under different dietary regiments.This study aims to investigate how dietary patterns, in concert with progression of cancer and both surgical and therapeutic interventions, impact the diversity and abundance of the murine microbiome.A total of 116 c57BI/6 female mice (7‐8 weeks old) were randomized into four groups (n=29/group, each) one week post ovariectomy. Mice received a specific, semi‐purified diet consisting of A) low sucrose, high omega 3 fatty acid; B) low sucrose, low omega 3 fatty acid; C) high sucrose, high omega 3 fatty acid; or D) high sucrose, high omega 3 fatty acid. For high omega 3 fatty acid groups, 2% of daily calories were supplied to the mice as EPA and DHA in a 1.5:1 ratio. One week after implementation of diets all mice were inoculated with E0771 breast cancer cells. Twelve days following inoculation all mice were subject to lumpectomy. Eight days following, measurement procedures were repeated, as at baseline. Ten days following lumpectomy, half of the mice from each dietary cohort were treated with saline, while the other half were treated with a chemotherapeutic agent (9 mg/kg body weight doxorubicin and 90 mg/kg body weight cyclophosphamide). Six days later, the experiment ended, and mice were sacrificed following IACUC guidelines. Fecal samples, which had been collected at each time point noted above, were processed using QIAmp® PowerFecal® DNA isolation kit and were sent to MCIC (OSU Wooster Campus) for 16S ribosomal genetic profiling. A genomic library was generated, using previously validated primers for the V4 region. FASTQ files were filtered, trimmed, dereplicated, and denoised. Cleaned FASTQ files were then used to infer ASVs.Over the progression of cancer, there has been a consistent decrease in the alpha diversity of the microbiome. The effect of diet was mitigated by introduction of chemotherapeutic agents, though the significance of this effect is yet to be determined. While the analysis is still ongoing, it has been determined that there is a clear dietary effect which interacts with abundance. Multiple ASVs have been shown to be positively associated with high fat consumption, though inverse effects, as well as timepoint and treatment effects, have also been noted. Akkermansia muciniphila was a highly present bacterial species in all treatments, despite it usually being noted only as a minor resident of the gut.

Directed mutational scanning reveals a balance between acidic and hydrophobic residues in strong human activation domains.

SUMMARYAcidic activation domains are intrinsically disordered regions of the transcription factors that bind coactivators. The intrinsic disorder and low evolutionary conservation of activation domains have made it difficult to identify the sequence features that control activity. To address this problem, we designed thousands of variants in seven acidic activation domains and measured their activities with a high-throughput assay in human cell culture. We found that strong activation domain activity requires a balance between the number of acidic residues and aromatic and leucine residues. These findings motivated a predictor of acidic activation domains that scans the human proteome for clusters of aromatic and leucine residues embedded in regions of high acidity. This predictor identifies known activation domains and accurately predicts previously unidentified ones. Our results support a flexible acidic exposure model of activation domains in which the acidic residues solubilize hydrophobic motifs so that they can interact with coactivators. A record of this paper’s transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.

Pomegranate Fruit Quality and Seed Drying Method: Effect on the Chemical Composition and Bioactivities of the Extracted Oil

The study presents a comparative investigation of the composition and bioactivity of oil extracted from pomegranate seeds of sun-burned fruit (SB) and healthy fruit (HF) for the value-adding potential of pomegranate fruit waste. Seeds from SB and HF were independently freeze dried, sun dried, and oven dried before ultrasound-assisted oil extraction using petroleum ether. The extracted oil was analysed for yield, refractive index, ρ-anisidine value, total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging ability, antimicrobial activity, tyrosinase enzyme inhibition ability, and fatty acid composition. The results showed that oven dried seeds, regardless of fruit quality, yielded the highest oil (20.85–24.70%, dry weight). Regardless of the seed drying method, oil from the seeds of SB exhibited the highest TPC (1.48–2.84 mgGAE/g PSO) than oil from the seeds of HF. The oil from oven dried and freeze dried seeds of SB were more effective in scavenging the DPPH radicals with IC50 values of 34.77 and 39.97 µg/mL, respectively. All the oil samples showed good ability to inhibit tyrosinase enzyme regardless of fruit quality and seed drying method, with monophenolase and diphenolase IC50 ranging between 0.31 and 0.49 mg/mL and 0.64 and 2.43 mg/mL, respectively. Irrespective of the drying method, oil extracted from HF seeds exhibited greater antimicrobial potency against the tested bacteria. The fatty acid composition of the oil samples was neither affected by fruit quality and seed drying method. Generally, all oil samples exhibited high levels of punicic acid (81.21–82.68%) and low omega 6 to omega 3 ratios (0.19–0.37%), suggesting that the oil samples were healthy. Principal component analysis (PCA) established that freeze dried seeds of SB is an excellent source of oil with higher TPC, punicic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid ratio. It can be concluded that the seed from SB is a good raw material for oil that can be utilised in cosmetic products formulation.

Gravitational waves from colliding vacuum bubbles in gauge theories

We study production of gravitational waves (GWs) in strongly supercooled cosmological phase transitions in gauge theories. We extract from two-bubble lattice simulations the scaling of the GW source, and use it in many-bubble simulations in the thin-wall limit to estimate the resulting GW spectrum. We find that in presence of the gauge field the GW source decays with bubble radius as propto R^{-3} after collisions. This leads to a GW spectrum that follows Omega _{mathrm{GW}} propto omega ^{2.3} at low frequencies and Omega _{mathrm{GW}} propto omega ^{-2.9} at high frequencies, marking a significant deviation from the popular envelope approximation.

The depression anxiety and stress Scales-21: Bifactor statistical indices in support of the total and depression scores

This study explored several, latent factor models of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale?21 (DASS?21) using both a sample of clinically depressed patients and a Facebook sample from Serbia. The DASS?21, the Beck Depression Inventory?II, and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory?Trait were administered to a sample of depressed individuals (N = 296; Mage = 52.21, SDage = 11.56). A Facebook sample (N = 376; Mage =29.12, SD = 8.96) completed the DASS?21 only. A bifactor model with one general distress (G) and two specific factors (Depression and Anxiety) were supported. The three factors had high omega coefficients, whereas omega hierarchical for Depression and Anxiety were low. Based on all evidence from our study, external validation, factor determinacy, and replicability, we concluded that the Serbian version of the DASS?21 assesses reliably general distress and anhedonia in both people with the clinical level of severity of distress and in general population. The Anxiety subscale can be safely used in clinical settings when one wishes to assess individuals presenting with a mixture of distress and anxious arousal. However, until further validation support is provided, we do not recommend use of this scale when the task is to estimate precisely anxious arousal only. The Stress subscale assesses general distress only. Low omega hierarchical coefficients of the Depression and Anxiety subscales could be addressed by re-selecting their items from the initial item pool, based on which the DASS?21 was created, using those with substantial loadings on both the G and their respective group factors.

Levels of phospholipids and triacylglycerol-containing omega 3 fatty acids in myocardial tissue of patients with myocardial infarction: analyzed by a lipidomics profiling method

Abstract Objective According to population-based studies, low omega 3 fatty acid (omega3FA) intake and high levels of serum triacylglycerol (TAG) are associated with cardiovascular diseases. Recent advances in mass spectrometry allow molecular lipid (lipidomics) profiling, which may enhance cardiovascular risk prediction. In this study, we assessed the levels of omega3FA-containing phospholipids (PL) and TAG in myocardial tissues of patients with and without myocardial infarction (MI) using a lipidomics profiling method. Methods We performed lipidomics profiling of human left atrial appendage (LAA) tissue of 29 consecutive patients receiving off-pump coronary bypass surgery with standard LAA resection. The patients were divided into the MI group (n=7) and an age- and gender-matched non-MI group (n=7). Results Lipidomics profiling revealed that the MI group tended to have low levels of phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), and plasmalogen, and high levels of TAG species. Individual molecular species containing omega3FA, such as PC (18:0/20:5; 3,200±1,200 vs. 4,500±910 pmol/g tissue, p=0.04) and plasmalogen (18:1/20:5; 57,000±21,000 vs. 91,000±28,000 pmol/g tissue, p=0.02), were significantly lower in the MI group than in the non-MI group. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the levels of omega3FA-containing PL and TAG in myocardial tissue using lipidomics profiling. We discovered that lower levels of omega3FA-containing PL and higher levels of TAG existed in myocardial tissues of patients with MI than in those of patients without MI. Accordingly, the lipidomics profiling method for human myocardial tissue may be useful for developing therapy targets for cardiovascular diseases. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant

Omega 3 masne kiseline u psihijatriji - mit i stvarnost

Omega 3 fatty acids are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). The basic molecule is the Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) from which LC-PUFAs are formed: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA is the predominant fatty acid in the brain especially in synaptic membranes, astrocytes, myelin and organelle membranes. LC-PUFAs lead to increased membrane fluidity and permeability, and most of the positive effects depend on immunomodulatory activities, via mechanisms of gene expression, cell signaling, and membrane organization. Previous studies in animal models have shown that LC-PUFAs are essential for normal dopaminergic, glutamatergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the role of PUFAs as an effective adjuvant therapy for unipolar and bipolar depression. Lack of omega 3 fatty acids plays a role in the onset of anxiety and aggression. Low omega 3 fatty acids in the prefrontal cortex of people with schizophrenia reduce dopaminergic neurotransmission, contributing to negative and neurocognitive symptoms, while subsequent disinhibition in the limbic system causes positive symptoms. Some evidence suggests that LC-PUFA may delay or even prevent the progression of particular psychotic disorders in high-risk children and adolescents. Epidemiological studies have shown a positive correlation between the relatively high intake of DHA and EPA and the lower relative risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia or their progression. The recommended daily intake of EPA and DHA varies significantly: 300-500 mg/day as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), up to 1-2 grams/day in Norway. Daily intakes of EPA and DHA up to 3 grams are generally recognized as safe. EPA and DHA at doses greater than 3 grams per day can have side effects: an increase in bleeding frequency, oxidation of n-3PUFAs with the formation of biologically active oxidation products, and more.

Sociodemographic Variation in Consumption Patterns of Sustainable and Nutritious Seafood in Australia

National dietary guidelines (DGs) consistently recommend consuming seafood for health benefits, however, the sustainability of increasing seafood consumption is often challenged. Seafood products vary in environmental performance as well as health benefits, yet there is no information integrating the health and ecological impacts of different seafood choices. The first step in optimising improved health and environmental outcomes is to examine more closely the types of seafood being consumed at population and individual levels, to develop the means to increase the intake of seafood that is optimal for human health and the environment. The purpose of this analysis was to better understand the specific types and amounts of seafood consumed by the Australian population, and by socioeconomic subgroups within the population, to determine the relative nutritional content and sustainability of seafood consumed by these groups. Secondary analysis of the Australian Health Survey (AHS) (2011–2013), which reached 32,000 people (25,000 households) was undertaken. The majority of respondents (83%) did not consume any seafood on the day of the survey. Results indicated the proportion of seafood consumers was lowest among adults who were unemployed, had the least education and were the most socio-economically disadvantaged. Crustaceans and farmed fish with low omega 3-content, such as basa and tilapia, were identified as the least nutritious and least sustainable seafood categories. These two categories constituted a substantial amount of total seafood intake for the lowest socio-economic consumers, and over 50% for unemployed consumers. In contrast, consumers in the highest socio-demographic group consumed mainly high trophic level fish (moderate nutrition and sustainability) and farmed fish with high omega-3 content (high nutrition, moderate sustainability). Fewer than 1% of adults or children reported eating seafood identified as both more nutritious and less resource intensive, such as small pelagics or molluscs. Opportunities exist to increase seafood intakes to improve health outcomes by varying current seafood consumption patterns to maximise nutritional outcomes and minimise environmental impacts. Initiatives to promote the health and environmental benefits of seafood should be promoted at the population level, with targeted interventions for specific groups, and should encourage consumption of highly nutritious low resource intensive types of seafood.

Importance of maintaining a low omega–6/omega–3 ratio for reducing inflammation

The consumption of seed oils high in the omega-6 polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) linoleic acid (LA) contributes to low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.1 Moreover, dietary LA significantly increases...

P6275Malnutrition and low omega 6 PUFA levels on admission were associated with the development of delirium in patients with acute cardiovascular disease admitted to coronary care unit

P6275Malnutrition and low omega 6 PUFA levels on admission were associated with the development of delirium in patients with acute cardiovascular disease admitted to coronary care unit

Abstract P238: Remission/Cure of Autoimmune Diseases by a Lectin Limite Diet Supplemented With Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Polyphenols

All autoimmune diseases are highly associated with increased rates of coronary artery and vascular disease secondary to immune cell attack on epithelial cells. The causes of autoimmune disease (AID) seem to be multifactorial. However, the idea that derangement of the microbiome, breaches of the intestinal barrier (leaky gut) and introduction into the human diet of plant defense molecules such as lectins, which are capable of molecular mimicry, prompted our group to investigate the application of a lectin limited diet, coupled with probiotics and prebiotics (The Pant Paradox Protocol) to impact biomarker proven autoimmune disease activity in humans and their impact on endothelial biomarkers of inflammation. One hundred and two consecutive patients with immunoassay markers of autoimmune disease activity, i.e., RF, anti-CCP, ANA, Histone, etc, and signs and symptoms of RA, Lupus, Sjogrens, Crohns, Colitis, Scleroderma, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, and biomarkers of endothelial inflammation, were enrolled into a program of elimination of major dietary lectins, consisting of all grains and pseudo grains, beans and legumes, peanuts, cashews, nightshades, squashes, and Casein A1 milk products (The Plant Paradox Program), supplemented with probiotics and prebiotics including resistant starches and polyphenol supplements. All pts initially low Vit D levels and low Omega 3 index and adiponectin levels above 16mg/dl. Biomarkers of inflammation, hs-CRP, TNF-alpha, IL-6, fibrinogen, myeloperoxidase and autoimmune markers were measured every 3 months. 95/102 patients achieved complete resolution of autoimmune markers and inflammatory markers within 9 months. The other 7/102 patients all had reduced markers, but incomplete resolution. 80/102 patients were weaned from all immunosuppressive and/or biologic medications without rebound. We conclude that a lectin limited diet, supplemented with pro and prebiotics, and polyphenols are capable of curing or putting into remission most autoimmune diseases.

Milk composition in Damascus, Mamber and F1 Alpine crossbred goats under grazing or confinement management

The interactive effect of breed and feeding management on milk composition was established in local goats (Damascus, Mamber) and their F1 Alpine crossbreeds, half of which grazed daily for 4h in Mediterranean brushland (Pasture – P) and half were fed clover hay (Hay – H) indoors, in addition to concentrate fed individually. Milk composition and fatty acid profile were measured, and individual nutritional composition was estimated by fecal NIRS; DM intake was calculated from the proportion of dietary concentrate. Milk and feces were collected at 65 (pretreatment), 110, 135 and 170 days of lactation. DM intake was lower in the H vs. P group (P<0.0001) in Damascus and Damascus crossbreed (P<0.01), but not in the other breeds. The Alpine crossbreeds yielded 0.6kg more milk (P<0.001) than their local counterparts. P group yielded milk that was richer in protein (P<0.01) and fat (P<0.0001), especially in the Damascus breed. Urea concentration in milk was 66% higher in H-group of all breeds throughout the experiment (P<0.001). H goats produced milk richer in medium-chain fatty acids (P<0.001) and monounsaturated fatty acids (P<0.01) than P goats. Omega 6 was higher for P goats with a strong breed×diet interaction effect (P<0.01) in Mamber goats. The P group produced milk that was 20% richer in omega 3 than the H group (P<0.0001). In the P group of Damascus goats, low omega 6/3 ratio was found compared with H group. This study shows that breed and management interact to affect milk composition and fatty acid profile. Therefore both factors and their interaction should be considered when industry pursues means to enrich milk with bioactive, essential lipid components which can turn milk into health promoting commodity.

Low Dose Aspirin and Omega 3 Fatty Acids in the Pro Resolving Pathway of Cardiovascular Disorders

Low Dose Aspirin and Omega 3 Fatty Acids in the Pro Resolving Pathway of Cardiovascular Disorders