Low Levels Of Motivation Research Articles

Conceptions of the metaverse in higher education: A draw-a-picture analysis and surveys to investigate the perceptions of students with different motivation levels

In recent years, the application of the metaverse in higher education has attracted the attention of numerous educators and researchers. It allows students to engage in immersive experiential learning and to experience a variety of real human interaction modes. Researchers have pointed out that although the introduction of emerging technologies may bring a sense of novelty, it cannot sustain student learning for a long time. Learners' learning performance still depends on their learning motivation. The present study aimed to explore the conceptions and perceptions (i.e., growth mindset, learning attitudes, and self-efficacy) of students with different motivation levels regarding the metaverse in higher education. A draw-a-picture analysis and surveys were conducted. The results indicated that most students believed that with the metaverse, they could learn the knowledge of unspecified subject domains in any location, realizing the idea of studying for practical application. In the drawings of students with low motivation levels, they still conducted static learning activities (i.e., reading/studying, and searching for sources) in the metaverse learning environment. On the other hand, students with high motivation levels focused on experiential learning, operation, or practice (i.e., hands-on practicing/performance and observing/experiencing). Moreover, the students with high motivation levels generally show better growth mindsets, learning attitudes, and self-efficacy than those with low motivation levels. This implies that learning motivation could be an important factor affecting students’ growth mindsets, learning attitudes, and self-efficacy of learning with the metaverse. The findings of this study serve as a foundation for future research, and provide preliminary evidence for understanding the conceptions of students with different motivation levels regarding the metaverse in higher education. Lastly, based on the analytic results, this study puts forward suggestions for the learning approaches of students in the metaverse as a reference for future researchers and teachers in higher education to design related activities.

Extrinsic Motivation And Students’ Academic Achievement: A Correlational Study

The main objective of the study was to find out the effect of extrinsic motivation on the academic achievement of university-level undergraduate students. The target population of the study consisted of 540 undergraduate students studying in the Natural and Social Sciences departments. A sufficient sample size of 321 students for the study was taken, according to the research advisory table. Stratified random sampling technique was used for this study. Extrinsic Motivation Scale (EMS) was developed to collect data from the sampled respondents. The mean combine score on the EMS (Extrinsic Motivation Scale) was found 2.52 indicating a low level of extrinsic motivation. The academic achievement of these students was correlated with the EMS score that was found 0.75, indicating a positive relationship between these two variables. It is suggested that the provision of motivational techniques should be used continuously to motivate the students at the university level in order to attain better academic achievement.

Emergency remote teaching: EFL instructors’ satisfaction with teaching online

The purpose of this study was to investigate English language instructors’ satisfaction with teaching online in an emergency remote teaching context. A mixed-method approach was used for data collection in which both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. While the quantitative data of this study were collected through the Online Faculty Satisfaction Survey (OFSS) with the participation of 205 instructors, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 instructors to collect qualitative data. The quantitative data were analysed through descriptive statistics. The qualitative data from semi-structured interviews were analysed through content analysis. The findings indicated that the instructors were not satisfied with teaching online. Although the convenience and flexibility of online education created a sense of satisfaction among the instructors, students’ low levels of motivation, participation and attendance in online classes, the lack of face-to-face contact and interaction with the students, and students’ lack of technological equipment and internet connection problems were the most significant causes of the instructors' dissatisfaction with online teaching.

Examining the Relationship between the Integration of Industry and Education and Student Career Mental Health Development: A Case Study of First-year Enterprise Internship at Shanghai Business Accounting School

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of industry-education integration on student career development by assessing the vocational personality traits and achievement motivation levels of 994 first-year vocational students from Shanghai Business Accounting School. The MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) career personality questionnaire and achievement motivation level questionnaire were employed to measure the outcomes of industry-education integration and provide guidance for career guidance education and enterprise internships for vocational students. The findings indicate that among the four temperament types, the largest proportion is observed among idealists, accounting for 31.3%, while empiricists have the smallest representation at 14.6% among the first-year vocational students. Regarding achievement motivation, the overall achievement motivation score of the first-year vocational students is below zero, indicating a relatively low level of achievement motivation. Specifically, both empiricists and idealists demonstrate a relatively low level of achievement motivation in terms of vocational personality traits. A follow-up assessment of achievement motivation levels was conducted after a short-term enterprise internship, revealing a significant improvement in the achievement motivation levels of the vocational students. This suggests that the dual-subject educational model under industry-education integration can effectively enhance students' vocational skills and activate their internal motivation, thereby improving their achievement motivation and overall competitiveness. By leveraging industry-education integration, the school aims to cultivate high-quality talents and address specific talent shortages in the market, ultimately achieving mutual success between talents and the market.

Rendahnya Motivasi Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas VC SDN 34/1 Teratai

Educational goals will be achieved with quality learning. To improve the quality of learning requires efforts to achieve it. There are various subjects that can improve the quality of education at every level of formal education, namely mathematics. Mathematics is a subject that is related to arithmetic and concrete or abstract thinking. The purpose of this writing is to analyze the application of problem-based learning models to increase the motivation to learn mathematics in fifth grade elementary school students. The type of research used is Classroom Action Research at SD Negeri 34/I Teratai. The results obtained for the motivation of students in SDN 34/I Teratai, especially the VC class can be classified as having a low level of motivation in mathematics. This low motivation can be caused by the low motivation to study in class VC SDN 34/I Teratai. The conclusion from this research is to increase the learning motivation of students, an effort is needed, for example, by using a learning model that is appropriate to the learning material. The material for netting cubes and blocks can be done by applying the PBL learning model which is based on problems and students are asked to solve these problems with the assistance of the teacher as a facilitator.

The Effect of Circuit Training Exercises and Set Systems on Learning Motivation Towards Discus Throw Results of Students of SMP Negeri 2 Pendalian IV Koto

The Problem of this research is that the schools observed have never excelled, especially in discus throwing competitions, both at the district, provincial and national levels. There are still many students whose throwing results are below the discus throwing.The lack of maximum student throwing results is due to the lack of student arm muscle power when throwing. This research is to see the effect of circuit training and training systems in terms of learning motivation on discus throwing results. This study uses an experimental method with a factorial design with a level of 2x2. The population of this study was male students of SMP Negeri 2 Pendalian IV Koto, totaling 74 people and number of samples from all treatment plans was 40 people, based on group division 27% high learning motivation level and 27% low learning motivation level. The learning motivation instrument is measured by angle. The data obtained were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The final results : (1) Overall there is a difference in the effect of circuit training and the discus throwing circuit training method. (2) There is an interaction between circuit training methods and system set training with learning motivation on the discus throwing results(3) There are differences in the results of discus throwing given the circuit training method and set system training at high learning motivation. (4) There are differences in the results of throwing discus given the circuit training method and set system training at low learning motivation.

Motivation to Speak English Language among Arab EFL Students at Jerash University, Jordan

The current study seeks to investigate students’ level of motivation to speak in English among Jordanian EFL undergraduate in Jerash University, Jordan. The paper is important in finding out students’ level of motivation to speak English and finding ways to enhance their speaking. Study sample consists of 351 students and five lecturers. The questionnaire adopted from Gardner (1985) with 32 items to determine students’ level of motivation. 35 students and 5 lecturers sat for interviews. The results show that 86.1% of respondents have low level of motivation to speak English and do not perceive themselves to be motivated to speak. Qualitative results suggested having collaboration between lecturers, students and their parents as all of them share the responsibility to change the approach of teaching from teacher-centered to student-centered approaches. Future researchers are encouraged to use methods in investigating students’ level of motivation such as learning diary in order to gather more accurate data.

Locals’ Perceptions Towards English For Local Tourism Industry

This research aims to study the locals’ perceptions towards English in association with the local tourism destination development. Since language and tourism are interwoven, the use of language is linked to the likelihood of its popularity or infamy. It is undeniable that Indonesia requires English in all tourism sectors. The problem is that Indonesian's English proficiency in general is still in the lowest position among the members of the MEA. This has become one of the obstacles to make local tourism sites more competitive in the international sphere. Recognizing the communities’ perceptions to English would be a meaningful step to advance the potentials of the local tourism destination. Therefore, two issues that this research is concerned about are: the locals’ perceptions and the problems that might pose if English were introduced. The descriptive qualitative method employed. This research is located in Langgher Dhatang, Dusun Pogag, Desa Palalang, Kec. Pakong, Kab. Pamekasan, Madura. We interviewed thirteen local people living around the location. The participants’ involvement decision was made based on the assumption that they will have a direct impact for its language planning. We designed a questionnaire in a Google Form to ask and marked the answers in accordance with the participants’ responses. The research shows various attitudes towards English: most of them (76,9%) believe that English is important for Langgher Dhatang. 15,4% of the participants who have no idea either English will have a positive impact or not for local tourism development. The rest (7,7%) sees that English is inconsequential to its promotion. The problems that could arise include a low level of motivation in learning (15,4%), a low level of education (69,2%), and the youth ignorance in tourism site development (7,7%).

The relationship between self-efficacy and self-management in post stroke patients at Home Stroke Rehabilitation Malang

Background: Stroke is a neurological disorder characterized by blockage of blood vessels. The effects of stroke cause problems with motor, sensory and cognitive functions. These problems result in patients often complaining and feeling useless, so patients experience a decrease in self-efficacy. Low self-efficacy will cause a low level of self-acceptance and motivation that affects the patient's confidence in performing functional activities and self-management related to the healing process in stroke patients.
 Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy and self-management in stroke patients.
 Methods: The research design used a cross-sectional study method conducted in December 2022 with a population of all stroke patients at Home Stroke Rehabilitation Malang who met the criteria to become participants in this study. Measurement of self-efficacy using The Stroke Self Efficacy Quetionnaire (SSEQ) and self-management using The Southampton Stroke Self Management Quetionnaire (SSSMQ). Rank Spearman was used to determining the relationship between the two variables showed that out of 49 respondents, there was a relationship between self-efficacy and self-management using the Rank Spearman test.
 Results: The study’s result (p = 0.000, r = 0.949) shows a very strong correlation. It can be concluded that there is a very strong relationship between self-efficacy and self-management in stroke patients because high confidence is very influential on the actions or attitudes of patients so that patients can move and prevent recurrent strokes and carry out rehabilitation programs properly.
 Conclusion: The higher the self-efficacy, the higher the self-management in post-stroke patients and vice versa. These two crucial components will affect the rehabilitation phase of post-stroke patients.

Investigating the Learners’ Difficulties in Transitioning from Online to Face-to-Face Math Learning in the Post-Pandemic Era

The study aimed to investigate the difficulties Grade 5 learners faced in transitioning from online to face-to-face math learning in the post-pandemic era. The research design involved qualitative methods to gather a comprehensive understanding of learners' experiences. In-depth interviews or focus groups were conducted with learners to gather rich descriptions of their experiences, Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. The study was conducted at Bukidnon State University Laboratory School S.Y. 2022-2023. The results of the study revealed three main themes: challenges with self-regulation, difficulties in communication, and lower levels of motivation and engagement. The learners reported that the sudden shift from online to face-to-face instruction disrupted their routines and caused them to struggle with staying focused and organized. They also found it challenging to ask questions, seek help, and participate in class discussions in face-to-face classes. Additionally, they reported feeling less motivated and engaged in face-to-face classes compared to online classes. The findings of this study could provide valuable insights for instructors and education policymakers in developing effective strategies to support learners during the transition from online to face-to-face math learning.

The effect of a counseling program to develop learning motives for some soccer skills for students

This paper aims to prepare a counselling program to develop learning motives and increase students’ eagerness to raise their self-confidence while entering the football field. The researchers used the descriptive method in the survey method and the experimental method in the two equal group methods. The research community included the students of the first stage of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Babylon University for the academic year (2020-2021), numbering (110) students. The research sample was divided into the exploratory sample, numbering (10) students, and the sample applying for the extension program, numbering (40) students, which was divided into (20) students from an experimental group and (20) students from a control group. Several conclusions were reached, including a low level of learning motivation among first-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences towards the performance of some skills on the football field, and the counselling program had a positive impact in developing learning motivation among first-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Babylon.

Efforts to Increase Student Motivation Through Group Guidance Services in Class VII B

This research was conducted based on phenomenon that exists in SMP N 4 Koto Baru which shows that there are students who have a low level of motivation to learn. Purpose of this study was to determine description of student learning motivation before receiving group guidance services, to determine description of student learning motivation after receiving group guidance services, and to find out whether learning motivation can be improved through group guidance services. Type of research used in this research is Action Research Guidance and Counseling by carrying out two cycles. Subjects of this study were 10 grade VII students of SMP N 4 Koto Baru consisting of 8 students with low learning motivation and 2 students who have high learning motivation, so that group dynamics occur. Data collection methods used were interviews, learning motivation scale and observation. Results showed that learning motivation of students before receiving treatment in form of group guidance was 44.4% in low category. After being given group guidance services at cycle I, student learning motivation increased to moderate category by 65%. Meanwhile, in cycle II student learning motivation continued to increase into high category with a gain of 74%. This shows that group guidance services can increase learning motivation in grade VII students at SMP N 4 Koto Baru.

Impact of Science Motivation towards Secondary Grader Students’ Learning

The basic focus of this study was to find out the impact of motivation towards science on the learning level in secondary classes. Accordingly, the hypothesis “there is no effect of motivation on students’ achievement at the secondary level” was designed. Data from 390 teachers were collected and analyzed to address the designed objective and hypothesis, as the study aimed to investigate the impact of motivation on learning achievement in science subjects among secondary-level students. Motivation was categorized into three levels: Low, Moderate, and High. ANOVA analyses were conducted to compare the effects of different motivation levels on students' achievement. The results revealed a significant difference in learning achievement based on motivation levels. Post hoc tests showed significant differences between Low and High motivation levels, while Moderate and High levels were not significantly different. These findings suggest that motivation plays a vital role in students' academic performance, particularly in science subjects.

Features of increasing motivation for physical education lessons of students with postural disorders

The purpose of the work: to reveal the motivational aspects of students with posture disorders for physical education lessons. Methodology: analysis and generalization of methodological, psychological-pedagogical and educational-methodical literature, which made it possible to study modern approaches to the formation of motivation for physical education lessons of schoolgirls with postural disorders, to systematize and generalize information about the object under study. Scientific novelty: the article examines modern approaches to the formation of motivation for physical education lessons of girls with postural disorders, and identifies the main reasons for the decrease in motivation. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the motivational aspect of elementary school students for physical education lessons was investigated. A number of the most significant motives for them in physical education classes have been identified. Conclusions: thus, in the course of the study, a low level of motivation for physical education lessons was established among elementary school students. It was revealed that its formation is an integral component of the upbringing of an intelligent person. The results of the analysis of literary sources allow us to state that the insufficient effectiveness of measures to prevent posture disorders and their correction is associated with ignoring the child's biomechanical and psychological characteristics, which negatively affect the formation of motivation for physical education lessons. Therefore, this problem requires the search for new ways and methods of prevention and elimination of disorders of the musculoskeletal system during the development of the child's body, taking into account their sex-age, anthropometric, psychological and individual characteristics. Since such violations lead to severe disability and to no less difficult moral experiences of children, associated with the awareness of their own physical inferiority.

ОНЛАЙН СРЕДА: СВОБОДА ИЛИ ОГРАНИЧЕНИЯ?

The paper provides the study of the topical issue of modern education which defines online learning as an environment characterized by both autonomy and limitation for all the participants of the educational process. The reasons for raising this issue have been investigated and listed as follows: necessary moving to an online due to the pandemic of recent years; technical, methodological and technological lack of preparedness of teachers to implement the educational process in a new environment; a low level of motivation of teachers and students to work online efficiently, even though having a high level of digital proficiency. The authors consider the autonomy of an online learning environment in terms of the power of digital tools to be used in solving methodological problems and designing a pedagogical scenario in the logic of achieving planned educational results. Teachers’ and students’ autonomy in an online environment is realized in: a wide choice of different ways to present educational information; a variety of technologies to increase educational motivation; the possibility of implementing the ideas of microlearning; gamification of the educational process; monitoring the psychological well-being of a students, a positive attitude; a variety of individual trajectories of learning and a significantly changed role of students; the possibility of synchronous and asynchronous work, the presenting forms of the students’ projects and its evaluation, monitoring of students’ achievements. The limitations of an online environment as the authors conclude are mostly created by the participants of the educational process. This is an automatic rejection of new requirements and conditions and resistance to changes. The teachers’ lack of preparedness to solve the educational tasks in an online environment is doubled with the poor technical conditions of the physical environment. A major role in appearing the limitations online is also played by the methodological illiteracy of the teachers and the thoughtless use of digital solutions with no reference to educational tasks. The redesign of the pedagogical scenario and role changing of all the participants of the educational process could solve the problem of limitation of an online educational environment.

THE IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPING THE PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES OF THE STAFF OF SERVICE SECTOR ENTERPRISES

The article deals with the problems of advanced training and development of professional competencies of personnel of service enterprises. The key competencies that the personnel of the enterprise should have are analyzed. The directions of improving communicative competence as the main factor of a modern enterprise in the conditions of fierce competition are considered. The service organization process requires special competencies from the staff, the possession of which ensures in practice a well-coordinated and uninterrupted process of the full functioning of all services, and many of these competencies are invisible to the client, but only as long as the enterprise meets its expectations. The success of a modern enterprise depends on how well employees can meet customer needs. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to determine the level of qualification and types of skills required for a particular position, and train employees to be competent. If the managers of the enterprise are fully competent to perform tasks, then their job satisfaction will increase. The study found that high employee job satisfaction in the workplace can improve the quality of customer service and eliminate such negative factors as long time spent on handling customer complaints, loss of reputation, and low level of employee motivation to work. Also, the article considers the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of training staff. To evaluate the effectiveness of professional development, it is suggested to evaluate not only economic indicators such as labor productivity, income, profit, but also to use evaluation of training programs by managers and employees themselves. Evaluation of the effectiveness of employee training is based on feedback information received from employees who have completed the training. When evaluating training, it is also necessary to evaluate the manager’s satisfaction with the subordinate employee who has completed the training. To achieve professional success, it is necessary to constantly develop. If the company’s personnel does not acquire new knowledge, its competitive advantage will gradually be lost. Continuous training of personnel indicates the achieved success in the field of human resources management and, as a result, increasing the level of their labor potential. Consequently, the development of professional competences of the company’s personnel has a great impact on the quality of customer service and the profitability of the company as a whole.

Motivation and Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in Active Travel to Different Destinations: A Cluster Analysis with Adolescents Living in Germany.

Active travel in adolescence contributes to improved health outcomes. Self-Determination Theory suggests that motivation and basic psychological needs influence travel behavior. Person-centered approaches can examine interrelationships of these constructs underlying travel behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate (i) which clusters can be identified in adolescents, (ii) whether clusters explain overall active travel behavior, (iii) whether clusters were associated with travel mode to various destinations or distance, and (iv) whether differences across clusters appear regarding sex/gender, age, and weight status. The sample included 517 (263 male, 254 female) adolescents from Germany, aged 11-15. Self-organizing maps analysis identified six clusters from nine input variables: intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation, amotivation, autonomy satisfaction, competence satisfaction, and relatedness satisfaction. The most beneficial cluster regarding active travel demonstrated highest basic psychological needs satisfaction and autonomous motivation with low controlled motivation and amotivation. The most vulnerable cluster was characterized by generally low levels of motivation except for external regulation and amotivation. Clusters were not associated with distance to school, friends/relatives, shopping facilities, or leisure facilities. The findings support the importance of high quality and high quantity of motivation for active travel in adolescents.

The Factors of Individuals and Course on Students' Motivation within Hybrid Learning Process

The use of online learning has become ubiquitous in the learning process. This study investigated the impact of different factors on students' motivation within synchronized and asynchronized learning. A quantitative research design was applied, and data was gathered using a survey method from the university students. A total of 254 dataset were analyzed and the results found that 51.9% of the students were reported to have moderate to high level of motivation, and 48.1% had low level of motivation to learning. Additionally, individual and course factors (attitudes, course difficulty and learning styles) play a beneficial effect in students' motivation within synchronized and asynchronized learning. This study concluded that individuals, course and other factors can undoubtedly influence students learning process. However, this study findings contributed to literature in educational contexts and are useful to the universities in Jordan to consider the use of hybrid learning practices to enhance the level of student's motivation.

Moderating role of academic motivation and entitlement between motives of students and academic achievement among university students.

The study examined the moderating role of academic motivation and academic entitlements between students' motives for communication with their instructors and their academic achievements. The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the universities situated in Okara and Sargodha, Pakistan, from November 1, 2017 to November 9, 2018. Data were collected using the Students' Motives for Communicating with their Instructors Scale, Academic Motivation Scale and the Academic Entitlement Scale. Data were analysed using SPSS-23. There were 264 students. Academic motivation moderated the relationship between participation motive and academic achievement as well as the relationship between functional motive and academic achievement (p<0.05). Academic entitlement moderated the relationship between relational motive and academic achievement (p<0.05). High and moderate level of academic motivation enhanced the effect of students' relational and functional motive for communicating on academic achievement whereas low level of motivation reduced it. High, moderate and low level of academic entitlement enhanced the effect of relational motive on academic achievement. High level of academic entitlement reduced the effect of functional motive on academic achievement. High level of academic entitlement reduced the effect of functional motive on academic achievement whereas moderate and low level of academic entitlement reduced its effect.

THE AFFECTIVE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ORAL ENGLISH COMMUNICATION IN NON-MAJOR EFL CLASSROOMS

Affective factors have been shown to play a crucial role in second language acquisition. However, they seem to be overlooked by most English as a foreign language teachers during classroom practices. Teachers’ oral English is an essential input for EFL students because they are rarely able to use and practice English outside classrooms. Compared with majors, non-English major students can have lower levels of motivation, which may lead to their lack of interest during lessons. Hence, the enhancement of English teaching efficiency in non-major EFL classes seems to be harder. This qualitative study investigates how affective factors are perceived to influence oral English communication in EFL classes where English is taught as a non-major subject at two public colleges in Vietnam. Data were collected via individual interviews with lecturers and focus group interviews with students. Findings reveal that symmetrical relationship, strong sense of belonging, and deep concern and understanding are the three affective factors that support EFL learning. Among these factors, concern and understanding about students influence both lecturers’ pedagogical decisions and students’ learning motivation. Therefore, EFL teachers are suggested to nurture a strongly emotional classroom culture to lower students’ English anxiety and enhance their learning.