Secondary effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants can be used to produce reclaimed water through membrane distillation (MD), providing a potential solution to the current global water crisis. However, membrane fouling over extended periods of operation reduces the separation performance of MD systems and significantly shortens the operational life-span of the membrane. Herein, in order to overcome these limitations, a novel surface-modified PTFE membrane was fabricated by depositing polydopamine and grafting dextro (d)-tyrosine (Tyr/PDA@PTFE). This synergistic coating was designed to reduce surface hydrophobicity of the PTFE membrane and provide anti-adhesive properties for bacteria, while enhancing flux and anti-fouling performance during MD. The Tyr/PDA@PTFE membranes demonstrated enhanced MD performance and the Tyr-300/PDA@PTFE membrane (with d-tyrosine coating solution concentration of 300 μM) exhibited the best MD performance during direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) of the secondary effluent, with the highest flux (49.1 LMH) compared with the pristine PTFE membrane (34.7 LMH), achieving a flux increase of 41.5%. Long-term DCMD operation showed that the Tyr-300/PDA@PTFE membrane exhibited improved anti-fouling performance compared with the pristine PTFE membrane, with 43.8% flux decay observed after three cycles of use, while the pristine PTFE membrane was unable to complete three cycles of use with an 87.2% decrease in flux observed by middle of the third round. The quality of permeate formed by the Tyr/PDA@PTFE membranes during MD, indicated that they could be operated stably for three cycles of use over a 40 h period, intercepting organic matter in the feed solution. The Tyr-300/PDA@PTFE membrane was especially effective for the removal of low molecular weight and humus-like substances, achieving rejection rates of 89.5% and 86.7%, respectively. Additionally, the Tyr/PDA@PTFE membrane carried the more negative charge and exhibited a high level of resistance to bio-adhesion. This study demonstrates the feasibility of use of this novel Tyr/PDA@PTFE membrane in MD, for the effective treatment of secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plants and the production of reclaimed water.