Low Melting Point Polyester Fibers Research Articles

Adhesion‐type composites made of elastic polymer films and high resilience nonwoven fabrics: Manufacturing techniques and property evaluations

AbstractIn this study, high resilience polyester fibers and low melting point polyester (LMPET) fibers are blended at varying ratios in order to form buffering composite nonwoven fabrics. Next, the employment of hot pressing enables the combination of the fabrics and elastic polymer films. The mechanical and buffering properties of the composites are evaluated in terms of the blending ratio and the thickness of the composites. As per the interface observation and the results of the peel test, the nonwoven fabrics and polymer films are firmly bonded. The tensile test results indicate that when there is more content of LMPET fibers, the reinforcement to the composites is greater. Conversely, the puncture test results indicate that the LMPET‐fiber‐free composites possess 1.4 times higher puncture resistance. Based on the results of the hammer rebound and compression recovery tests, a greater thickness provides the composites with better buffering efficacy.

Three Dimensional Nylon Cushioning Composite Fabrics: Manufacturing Technique and Property Evaluations

It is trendy to use polymers with different forms in a diversity of fields. This study uses nylon fibers and low-melting-point polyester (LMPET) fibers or low melting point polylactic acid (LMPLA) fibers to fabricate three-dimensional nylon/LMPET and nylon/LMPLA cushioning composite fabrics employing the nonwoven manufacturing. The employment of needle punching process and thermal treatment reinforce the cushioning composite fabrics, and the subsequent thermal bonding points strengthen the mechanical properties effectively. In comparison to pure nylon nonwoven fabrics, the nylon cushioning composite fabrics exhibit higher tensile strength by 2.3 times regardless of whether it is a nylon/LMPET or nylon/LMPLA cushioning composite fabric. Similarly, based on the hammer rebound rate measurement, when the 3D cushioning composite fabrics are composed of 20 wt% of LMPLA fibers or 80 wt% of LMPET fibers, the hammer rebound rate reaches 20 %, which is 1.4 times greater than that of the control group. Additionally, the composite fabrics that are composed of 80 wt% of LMPLA fibers or 40 wt% of LMPET fibers also demonstrate higher compression recovery than the control group.

High-performance hybrid composites made of recycled Nomex, Kevlar, and polyester selvages: mechanical property evaluations

In modern age, prosperous business, industrial, social, and leisure activities improve and ensure the quality of lives considerably, but are inevitably accompanied with insecurity and dangers that lurk anywhere anytime. People are concerned about safety and have increasing demands on self-protection in terms of working/living environment, accidents, and raising crime rates. The increasing demands of protective textiles cause the mass production of high performance fabrics, leaving considerable amount of high performance selvages. In this study, three kinds of high performance recycled selvages, including Nomex, Kevlar, and PET selvages, are used to make high-performance hybrid composites. The recycled selvages are smashed into staple fibers using a nonwoven manufacturing process. Each recycled staple fibers are individually combined with low-melting-point polyester (LPET) fibers at ratios of 9:1, 7:3, and 5:5, and processed with thermal compression. The LPET fibers contribute to the hybrid composites with thermal bonding points, which decrease the voids between fibers, limit the fiber slide, and enhance the friction force between fibers. The shearing, expelling, and friction functionalities of LPET fibers are expected have a positive influence on the mechanical properties of the high-performance hybrid composites. The morphology of hybrid composites is observed using a scanning electron microscope, and the air permeability, tensile strength, tearing strength, and bursting strength of hybrid composites are evaluated, examining the optimal parameters.

Mechanical property evaluations of flexible laminated composites reinforced by high-performance Kevlar filaments: Tensile strength, peel load, and static puncture resistance

This study investigates the mechanical properties and damage behavior of flexible laminated composites. Needle punching is performed to combine woven Kevlar fabric and two nonwoven low-melting point polyester (LMPET) fabrics into a fabric interlayer. A sheet-extrusion machine is used to bond two thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) sheets on each side of a fabric interlayer. The tensile strength, peel load, and static puncture resistance of the flexible laminated composites are evaluated, and the influences of needle-punching rates and depths are examined. Test results show that a high needle-punching rate or depth positively affects tensile strength by promoting fiber entanglement. The tensile strength of the 300-15 group reaches 24.70 MPa. Moreover, when the needle-punching depth does not exceed 11 mm, melted LMPET fibers help bond two-phase materials and thus increase the peel loads of the final composites. The 200-11 group has an optimal puncture resistance of 5.86 N. The combination of TPU sheets and woven Kevlar fabrics yields flexible laminated composites with good static puncture resistance. The results of this study can be applied to improve the performance of flexible laminated composites.

Plastic packaging materials of laminated composites made of polymer cover sheets and a nonwoven interlayer

This study aims to improve the mechanical properties, stabilized structures, and light weight plastic packaging materials to realize diverse applications. A sheet extrusion machine is used to fabricate sandwich-structured composites, which are composed of two polymer cover sheets and a nonwoven interlayer. The samples are prepared in two batches with different cover sheets: thermoplastic polyurethane and polypropylene. Moreover, low-melting-point polyester (LMPET) fibers and Kevlar fibers are fabricated into a LMPET/Kevlar nonwoven interlayer. The laminated composites are evaluated in terms of morphologies, mechanical properties, combustion rates, and thermal behavior. Kevlar fibers are flame resistant and mechanically strong. LMPET fibers promote the interfacial bonding between layers. Thus, the laminated composites are good candidates as packaging materials, and they can be made with rigid or soft materials, depending on specified requirements. Rigid materials can provide higher strengths, and the distribution of fibers thus helps the PP-based laminated composites to obtain higher crystal stability. Moreover, using TPU with flexibility contributes to high extensibility, which grants the laminated composites with high toughness, light weight, and low restriction against the morphology. Such manufacturing is also efficient and economical, thereby satisfying the requirements of plastic packaging materials.

Feasibility Assessments of the Use of Recycled Fibers in Nonwoven Fabrics

Environmental protection has become an increasing concern, which makes recycling and reclaiming highly important. In addition to governmental campaigns and promotion, enterprises should examine each perspective thoroughly in order to prevent excessive resource consumption. In this study, recycled materials, including recycled far-infrared polyester (FPET) fiber, three-dimensional crimped hollow flame-retarding (TPET) fiber, and low-melting-point polyester (LPET) fiber, are used to form nonwoven fabrics. The influence of different amounts of FPET fiber, 0–80 wt %, on the properties of nonwoven fabrics was examined. The sheath of LPET fibers can be melted as a result of hot pressing, which provides cohesion between fibers that mechanically improves the nonwoven fabrics. The tensile strength, tearing strength, air permeability, and far infrared (FIR) emissivity of the nonwoven fabrics were examined, thereby determining the optimal parameters. The test results show that the thermally treated nonwoven fabrics have better mechanical properties and FIR emissivity, compared to those of non-thermally treated nonwoven fabrics. Moreover, more FPET fibers cause the mechanical properties along the cross machine direction (CD) to decrease by 9% and that along the machine direction (MD) to decrease by 5%. In particular, all the thermally treated samples exhibit a FIR emissivity of 0.8, which is health-promoting.

Effects of needle punching and hot pressing on mechanical properties of composite geotextiles

This study proposes to make geotextiles from recycled materials. Polyester fibers, recycled polyester fibers, and low melting point polyester fibers are blended and needle punched to make the polyester fabrics, the mechanical properties of which are then evaluated to determine the optimal parameters. The polyester nonwoven fabrics are needle punched with various densities. Afterwards, the resulting polyester nonwoven fabrics, glass fiber woven fabrics, and polypropylene selvages are combined, needle punched, and hot pressed to form geotextiles, the properties of which are tested by tensile strength, tearing strength, burst strength, puncture strength, and water resistance tests. The test results show that polyester fabrics containing 50 wt% of polyester fibers have the optimal mechanical properties. Furthermore, needle punching at 90 needles/cm2 results in a greatest increase in mechanical properties of the polyester nonwoven fabrics. The tensile strength, tearing strength, and water resistance of the geotextiles increase as a result of hot pressing, and the bursting strength and puncture resistance are primarily associated with the needle punching densities. This study successfully creates composite geotextiles with reinforced mechanical properties by needle punching and hot pressing recycled polyester fabrics and polypropylene selvages.

Effects of structure design on resilience and acoustic absorption properties of porous flexible-foam based perforated composites

In this paper, perforated composite panel was combined with porous and resonance structures to investigate the influence on acoustic absorption and resilient properties. The perforated composite panel was fabricated based on highdensity flexible-foam via perforating and reinforcing with laminated hybrid nonwoven fabric. Effect of aperture size (AS) (ranging from 3 mm to 6 mm), perforation ratio (PR) (5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %) and perforation depth (PD) (25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) on the compressive hardness, rebound resilience and acoustic absorption properties was explored. Multiply hybrid nonwoven fabric which was fabricated with low-melting point polyester (LMPET), flame-retardant polyester (FRPET) and recycled Kevlar fibers was utilized to reinforce the flexible composites and improve the acoustic property. Nonwoven that was fabricated with entangled LMPET fibers had porous structures which could reinforce the flexible foam and enhance the acoustic absorption properties. The result revealed that the continuity and supporting of porous flexible foam had directly influence the compressive hardness. The maximum hardness of the flexible-foam based perforated composites reached 420 N. The rebound resilience result showed that the sample had high resilient structure and the resilience was up to 48 %. The perforated flexible composites plate (PFP) with 4 mm-AS performed the highest acoustic absorption coefficient at 0.9. The acoustic absorption coefficient was higher than 0.8 in the frequency range from 800 to 1600 Hz and 1600 to 2400 Hz when perforated composites had 4 mm-AS at 5 % and 10 % perforation ratio. With the increase in perforation ratio, absorption peak moved from 3200 Hz to 4000 Hz. Hybrid nonwoven laminated layer help to broaden the frequency range of acoustic absorption of perforated high-density flexible foam based composites panel. Acoustic absorption coefficient was higher than 0.4 when frequency ranging from 900 Hz to 4000 Hz.

Physical Properties of Geotextiles Reinforced by Recycled Kevlar Selvages

Kevlar fiber are artifical fibers that have been globally commonly used due to their attributes of a high modulus, a low elongation, an impact resistance, a chemical resistance, and thermostability. Therefore, this study proposes nonwoven geotextiles by corporating with recycled Kevlar unidirectoinal selvage with a low production cost, crimped polyester (PET) fibers, and low-melting-point PET (LPET) fibers. The content of LPET fiber is specified as 20 wt%, while the content of Kevlar fiber varies as 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt%. The optimal tear strength of 195 N occurs with a content of Kevlar fiber being 20 wt%.

Mechanical Property Evaluation of Fiber-Reinforced and Fabric-Reinforced Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Temporary Filling Materials

Zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) is usually applied clinically as dental filling material for thermal insulation and temporary restoration. The objective of this study was to use ZOE as a composite matrix and low melting-point polyester fibers or fabrics as reinforcement. The added fibers or fabrics increased the composite materials’ compressive load by 250 N and 290 N, respectively. Fiber length and thermal-drying temperatures had no significant influence on setting time ( p>0.05), but the degree of solubility of the filling material had statistical significance ( p<0.05). Only the compressive load results were raised at the end of the curve. The optimum compressive load results, 290 N and 331 N, were observed in the 10 mm PET fiber processed at 130 °C. With its excellent compressive load, this composite material has the ability to sustain a bigger bite force; thus, the fiber-reinforced or fabric-reinforced composite materials are feasible for temporary clinical dental treatment.

The Influence of Hot Pressing Temperatures in Needle Punching Nonwoven

Non-woven textile industry in an emerging field, with the process short, high yield, low cost and wide source of raw materials, but also has excellent performance of many functions on, making non-woven over the past half century gained textiles attention and consumers of all ages. The proportion of the world of non-woven fiber material used in the product, 85% in rayon ,and the other 15% in natural fibers, polyester fibers which accounted for the largest proportion of use. The experiment uses a low melting point polyester fiber (LPET) 20%, three-dimensional hollow curly polyester fiber (TPET) and recycled far infrared fiber (REPET) 40% each as the basic conditions change pressing temperature 100 °C-140 °C, in order to observe and compare the effects of temperature on the non-woven fabric, this experiment tests including air permeability, tensile strength testing, infrared testing and SEM, respectively in different hot pressing temperature, each of the non-woven hot pressing temperatures sample go through microscopic to analysis for non-woven with the hot temperatures strong reason to improve or decline with hot temperature of air permeability.

Polyester/Low Melting Point Polyester Nonwoven Fabrics Used as Soilless Culture Mediums: Effects of the Content of Low Melting Point Polyester Fibers

Soilless culture mediums are able to increase the greening areas and decrease the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2), which reduces the global temperature and the green house effect. The aim of this study is to explore effects of the content of low melting point polyester (LPET) fibers on the physical properties of the polyester (PET)/LPET nonwoven fabrics. PET fibers and LPET fibers are blended with various ratios, and made into PET/LPET nonwoven fabrics with a nonwoven process. The air permeability, water content, water retention, and pH value tests are performed on the resulting fabrics. The experiment results show that increasing LPET fiber content increases the air permeability and water content, but decreases the water retention. The LPET content does not have an influence on the pH value.

The Design and Optimization of Nonwoven Composite Boards on Sound Absorption Performance

This study aims to investigate the optimal value of design parameters for the sound-absorbing nonwoven composite board. The number of laminated layers and thickness of polyester fiber are viewed as the design parameters for fabricating the nonwoven composite board. The 2D, 7D and 12D polyester fibers are individually mixed with 4D low-melting point polyester fiber to produce 2D polyester nonwoven fabric (2D-PETF), 7D polyester nonwoven fabric (7D-PETF) and 12D polyester nonwoven fabric (12D-PETF) respectively. The developed nonwoven fabrics are then used to fabricate 2D-PET, 7D-PET and 12D-PET nonwoven composite boards through the multiple needle-punching and thermal bonding techniques. The sound absorption performance of each PET composite board is carefully examined. The experimental results reveal that the 7D-PET composite board with 10 laminated layers has the optimal sound absorption performance.

The efficacy of coconut fibers on the sound-absorbing and thermal-insulating nonwoven composite board

The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of the coconut fiber on the sound absorption and thermal insulation performance towards the composite nonwoven fabrics. The 2D polyester fiber and 12D fire retardant three-dimensional hollow crimp polyester fiber are individually mixed with 4D low-melting point polyester fiber (4DLMf) to produce 2D polyester nonwoven fabric (2D-PETF) and 12D polyester nonwoven fabric (12D-PETF) respectively. Subsequently, the coconut fiber (CF) is then laminated with the 2D-PETF and 12D-PETF to fabricate two types of PET/CF composite boards through the multiple needle-punching techniques. Accordingly, the sound absorption, thermal insulation, Limiting Oxygen Index and relative mechanical properties of the PET/CF composite boards are evaluated properly. The experimental results reveal that both types of PET/CF composite boards possess excellent thermal insulation performance and fire resistance property. Also, for both types of PET/CF composite boards, the average sound absorption coefficient increases with the increased amount of CF.

Processing Technique of Fiber-Based Composite Sound Absorbent/Thermal-Insulating Board

The rapid advances in technology have driven people for seeking ways to improve the quality of their living environment. While excessive noise is more likely to affect people physically and psychologically such as tiredness, dulling of the senses, lack of concentration, and reduction in work efficiency, etc, therefore, noise suppression has become an important research issue. In this research, 7 D polyester staple fiber and 4 D low melting point fiber have been used to fabricate the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric through the process of opening, blending, carding lining, lapping, and needle-punching. Meanwhile, the contents of low-melting point polyester fiber are varied as 10 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt% and 50 wt% in PET fabric. The physical properties of PET fabrics are then evaluated after hot pressing process. Experimental results show that 50 wt% low-melting point polyester fiber is the best choice for PET fabric. Further, the techniques of lamination and multiple needle-punching are employed to make the PET/PP composite sound-absorbing board. A layer of polypropylene (PP) nonwoven selvages is placed between two layers of PET fabrics in the process of lamination. The PET/PP fibers casted into a mold are then put into a hot-air circulation oven around 170 °C for 10 minutes. Afterwards, the evaluation of PET/PP composite sound-absorbing board on sound absorption, flame resistance, thermal insulation, and relative mechanical properties is properly conducted.