Low Readiness Level Research Articles

The role of illness acceptance and social support in assessing readiness for hospital discharge following myocardial infarction

Abstract Introduction The hospital discharge process refers to the patient's readiness to return to proper daily functioning. It is important to note that the discharge process is not solely based on physical readiness. It also includes psychological capacity, social support, and the provision of information and knowledge. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between readiness for hospital discharge and acceptance of illness and social support following myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods The study included 100 patients (56 women, mean age M±SD 64.95 y/o) who had experienced a myocardial infarction. The study employed a socio-demographic and clinical survey, as well as standardized measures including the Readiness for Hospital Discharge After Myocardial Infarction Scale (RHD-MIS), Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The statistical analysis includes a significance level of 0.05. Therefore, all values of p<0.05 were interpreted as indicating significant relationships. Results The majority of respondents were in a relationship (73%), lived in an urban area (70%) and had a secondary education (56%). The overall RHDS-MIS score showed that 46% of patients had a low level of readiness for discharge. There is a significant negative correlation (r=-0.228, p=0.022) between patient age and subjective knowledge score (p<0.05). The respondents reported a moderate level of acceptance towards their illness, with a mean score of 26.38 points. The AIS was shown to correlate significantly (p<0.05) and positively (r>0) with the RHDS-MI (r=0.525, p<0.001) and with all subscales: (1) subjective (r=0.405, p<0. 001) and (2) objective (r=0.538, p<0.001) assessment of patient knowledge about the disease, and (3) patient expectations (r=0.386, p<0.001). The analysis of the impact of social support on patients' readiness for discharge after MI revealed a significant positive correlation (r > 0, p < 0.05) between family support and readiness for discharge (r = 0.281, p = 0.005), subjective (r = 0.251, p = 0.012), and objective (r = 0.421, p < 0.001) assessment of knowledge. Conclusions Patients who have suffered from MI are at risk of experiencing adverse cardiovascular events, such as complications or hospital readmission. The level of hospital discharge readiness in patients after MI is correlated with the degree of acceptance of illness and social support. Assessing a patient's readiness for hospital discharge after an MI can help identify their educational and therapeutic needs. Involving the patient's family in the discharge readiness process is crucial as they can actively participate in the therapeutic process by providing support to the patient.

The role of the pharmacist in the system of rational use of drugs for responsible self-treatment

Relevance. In the healthcare system of the Russian Federation, there is the use of drugs by the population without a physician’s appointment (including prescription leave), as well as violation of the principles of responsible self-medication. Under the current conditions, a pharmacist can play a key role in providing pharmaceutical care within the framework of responsible self-treatment and providing citizens with accessible information on the rational use of drugs.Objective. The study of the role of the pharmacist in the system of rational use of drugs by visitors of pharmacy organizations.Materials and methods. The study used methods of content analysis, sociological research (observation), comparative and mathematical statistical analysis. Regulatory documents regulating the activities of pharmacists were analyzed, as well as monitoring of pharmacy visitors who applied to a pharmacist in order to purchase drugs.Results. The professional standards of pharmacists contain requirements for ensuring or organizing the rational use of drugs by the population for the purpose of responsible self-treatment. The majority of pharmacy visitors (63.8%) purchase drugs bypassing a medical professional. A significant proportion of buyers (58.7%) do not know or approximately know what caused their poor health. At the same time, the proportion of pharmacy visitors who assume that they do not need to be prescribed by a medical professional is quite high and amounts to 41.3%.Conclusion. A low level of readiness of pharmacy visitors for the rational use of drugs has been established and the need for regular educational work on the part of pharmacists on responsible self-medication has been identified.

System Approach to the Process of Institutional Transformation for Industrial Integrations in the Digital Era

The digitalization of the high-tech economy is complicated due to several issues. One can mention non-synchrony and imbalance in the development of industrial enterprises and their integrations; changes in the elements and relations between enterprises and the external environment; as well as contradictions between the actors. Therefore, a new institutional system for industrial integrations needs to be formed. This article proposes a concept and scenario of the institutional change needed to bolster industrial integrations in the digital economy. The structural logic and algorithm of the process provides for the gradual progress through seven phases of institutional transformation. The authors have developed an institutional change management platform for strategic transformation, the core of which is a decision-making system. The platform supports the management of digital and material business processes of industrial integrations. The conceptual approach is based on a comparison of the life cycles of enterprises and their markets. The article proposes a methodology for assessing the readiness of industrial integrations to implement institutional change strategies using modified Shewhart control charts. The methodology is based on a two-criterion approach to the analysis of finances, production reserves, human resources, organizational structures, management technologies, corporate institutions, and a personnel motivation system. This approach allows determining the level of compliance of the resources available with the requirements of the transformation strategy implementation plan. The methodology has been tested at 14 enterprises functioning as industrial integration actors. According to the dynamics of the level of readiness to implement the transformation strategy, enterprises within the framework of industrial integrations are divided into three groups: enterprises with consistently high, medium, and low levels of readiness to implement the strategy.

Training of future physical education teachers to physical culture and health activities in the secondary school

The article examines the actual problems of training of future physical education teacher for physical culture and health activities in a secondary school. The process of preparing students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports for the organization of a physical culture and health environment at school has been revealed. The components of physical culture and health activities and the level of training of students for this type of activity are established. It has been proven that the issues of physical culture and health activities in Ukrainian schools are quite relevant for improving physical fitness, harmonious development and recovery of students. The purpose of the work is to establish the level of readiness of future physical education teacher for physical culture and health activities in a secondary school. The research methodology was to reveal the current state of solving the problem of training future physical education teachers for physical culture and health activities in a secondary school using analytical investigation methods and problem-based research methods. The following scientific methods were used in the study: analysis of literary sources, pedagogical observation, conversation, questionnaires, expert assessment and self-assessment of the level of knowledge, skills and abilities in physical culture and health activities, methods of mathematical statistics. The research was carried out at Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University in 2021–2023, in which students of the third and fourth years (84 persons) of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports took part, who are studying under the educational and professional bachelor's program in the field of knowledge 01 Education/Pedagogy, specialty 014, Secondary education in subject specialty 014.11 Secondary education (Physical culture). The scientific novelty consists in the disclosure of the dynamics of the formation of physical culture and health readiness of students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports for professional activities at school. Third-year students have a low level of readiness for physical education and health activities at school (61.1–65.1 points). The students of the fourth course showed good grades (73.2–76.9 points) in all components of readiness for physical culture and health activities. Conclusions. The preparation of future physical education teacher for physical culture and health activities at school can be presented as a system of organizational, psychological and pedagogical measures of a higher education institution aimed at acquiring knowledge, abilities and skills in health preservation and experience of implementing various forms of physical culture.

Development of Innovative Activity of University Teachers: Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives

In the era of the development of innovative technologies, the processes taking place in universities determine new requirements for the personality and professional competence of a teacher. A modern teacher is not just a transmitter of information and accumulated experience, but also a person who understands the essence of modern life and strives to harmoniously fit into existing realities, while focused on changing his consciousness, worldview and openness to everything new. In this connection, the problem of the teacher’s psychological readiness for innovation, as a component of his professionalism, is relevant. The purpose of the study: to study the peculiarities of readiness for innovation and identify the main barriers preventing the development of innovations among university teachers; based on the results obtained, to develop a methodology for the development of innovative activity of teachers. The study involved 156 university teachers aged 27 to 40 years with 1 to 15 years of work experience at the university. The study revealed that about a third of teachers show a low level of readiness for innovation. Only 22% of teachers have a high level of innovation activity. In the structure of readiness for innovation, they will have a motivational component, indicating a desire for success in achieving their goals. It was also found that the leading factors hindering the innovative activity of teachers are: insufficient awareness of possible innovative activities at the university; the belief that only the traditional education system is effective; lack of assistance in mastering innovations in the team, as well as fear of negative performance results. The systematization of the theoretical and empirical data obtained made it possible to develop a methodology for the development of innovative activity of university teachers, consisting of two main directions: environmental – features of the scientific and educational innovative environment; subjective – motivation, level of training and personal characteristics of teachers.

The Landing and Liberation: A Historiography of the Korean War's Operation Chromite, September 1950

A review of Operation Chromite’s basic history is necessary to fully understand the historiographical trends and available archival resources. To adequately capture the campaign’s origins, historical analysis must begin not in September 1950 but with U.S. leaders’ contradictory approach to security after World War II. On the one hand, the United States took a leading role in world security, forming numerous alliances and international institutions in the context of emerging Cold War rivalry. On the other hand, U.S. military forces atrophied after 1945. Imposition of defense budget ceilings and other efforts by the Harry S. Truman administration, abetted by a thrifty Congress, left a shell of a force in place. Postwar cuts left units undermanned and at low levels of readiness. The Marine Corps fought an especially difficult political battle to prove the value of Marine air support and a Marine expeditionary capability.

Lab-scale engineered hydrochar production and techno-economic scaling-up analysis

Despite the extensive use of engineered hydrochar (EHC) for contaminants adsorption in water, little is known about the scaling-up of EHC production which has kept the technology at a low readiness level (TRL). Full-scale EHC production was simulated to help bridge this knowledge gap. A systematic analysis was performed where EHC was produced from rice straw using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at 200 °C with iron addition. A techno-economic evaluation model was employed to simulate the production process and to estimate energy requirements, configuration, and cost scenarios for the HTC process. The minimum selling price (MSP) analysis of the engineered hydrochar was found to be almost half compared to the market price for other similar sorbents ($ 76/t vs. $136/t) suggesting that EHC production is feasible for scaling up. Finally, as a trial, the resulting material was tested for its efficacy in the adsorption of an anionic organic contaminant (e.g., Congo Red, C32H22N6Na2O6S2) in water to identify its potential for water treatment. Experimental results showed that EHC adsorbed > 95% CR suggesting significant adsorption capability and feasibility for production scale-up.

READINESS OF SOCIAL SPHERE PROFESSIONALS TO WORK WITH SUBJECTS, ABLE TO DELI CT USING A GENDER SENSITIVE APPROACH

The study is devoted to the problem of diagnosing the readiness of social sector specialists to implement a gender-sensitive approach in working with persons capable of delict. The subject of diagnosis is defined as appropriate professional readiness - theoretical and instrumental mastery of a social sphere specialist with a set of methods, means and techniques, as well as algorithms for the resocialization of delinquent subjects based on a gender-sensitive approach. The criterion base for the study of the state of readiness of specialists in social spheres for gender-sensitive activities with delinquent persons is substantiated (motivational criterion: focus on motivating success in the profession; ability to realize professional goals, in particular work with delinquent persons; cognitive criterion: knowledge of the regulatory and legal framework of Ukraine, primarily ratified Ukraine of international documents on the observance of rights and knowledge regarding a non-discriminatory approach in social work with persons prone to offenses; theoretical and practical knowledge and skills that are necessary in the process of resocialization of such persons on the basis of a gender-sensitive approach; operational criteria: the ability to analyze, forecast, to develop and implement social projects and technologies aimed at socio-pedagogical support on the basis of a gender-sensitive approach; the ability to provide social-pedagogical support to persons capable of delict, taking into account a non-discriminatory approach). As a result of the conducted diagnostics, it was found that the specialists of the social sphere mainly have an average and low level of readiness in almost all indicators. It has been proven that such training should be based on an end-to-end approach and the concept of continuous professional growth, professional development and lifelong education

EVALUATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK THROUGH CONTEXT-INPUT-PROCESS-PRODUCT MODEL

Information technologies represent the main fields in vocational and technical education systems. Since the curricula of this field are technology-based, they need to be assessed and updated at shorter intervals compared to other curricula. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the framework curriculum in the field of Information Technologies in Turkey. The research was carried out based on a qualitative approach. The research design is a case study. The sample of the study was determined via maximum variation sampling. The sample determined for the study consists of Information Technology teachers working in vocational and technical upper-secondary schools in different provinces of Turkey. A semi-structured interview form was employed as a data collection tool. It has been found that the outcomes in the curriculum framework tend to be consistent, but they are above the student level. Timeliness, simplicity, and the availability of printed books are among the strengths of the curriculum framework. Insufficient physical conditions and lack of materials and equipment are among the aspects of the curriculum framework that need to be improved. Students' low level of readiness is stated as one of the main challenges in implementing the curriculum framework. Teachers have provided suggestions such as admitting students to vocational and technical upper secondary schools via exams, offering financial resources, establishing IT upper secondary schools, and transforming vocational upper secondary schools into project schools for an effective curriculum framework. Keywords: information technology, curriculum framework, CIPP model, qualitative approach.

Nurse-to-patient ratios and readiness for hospital discharge: A moderated mediation model.

To explore whether and to what extent, nurse-patient assessment differences mediate the association between nurse-to-patient ratios and readiness for hospital discharge, and examine whether nurse-patient characteristics moderate the indirect and/or direct effect of mediation model. A cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2021 to December 2022. A total of 523 pairs of gastrointestinal cancer patients with PICC and their nurses were recruited. All the participants were invited to complete the general information questionnaire and the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale. Outcome measure was patient-reported readiness for hospital discharge. This study was reported according to the STROBE checklist. The patients reported a low level of readiness for hospital discharge. Nurse-patient assessment differences were positively associated with nurse-to-patient ratios but negatively associated with readiness for hospital discharge. Furthermore, nurse-patient assessment differences fully mediated the effect of nurse-to-patient ratios on readiness for hospital discharge, and age and gender of patients only moderated the indirect path of mediation model.

Examining Teachers’ Opinions on Foreign Language Instruction in Preschool Education

This study aimed to determine the applications and problems on foreign language teaching process at pre-school level according to teachers’ opinions. In the study, case study, one of the qualitative research methods, was employed. The participants of the study consisted of 15 teachers working at pre-schools in a province located in the Southern Marmara Region of Türkiye. Data was collected by questionnaire technique. A questionary form prepared by the researchers for teachers was employed as data collection tool. Content analysis method was used in the analysis of the obtained data. As a result of the study, it was determined by teachers’ opinions that teaching English at pre-school period was effective and necessary. Teachers stated that they used games and dramas, coloring activities, cut-paste craft activities and flash cards while teaching English. Moreover, they indicated that the native language barriers, classroom management problems, low readiness level of the students, difficulties in teaching pronunciation, lack of experience for teaching English at pre-school level and lack of materials were among the problems teachers encountered. On the other hand, teachers express their positive opinions for English curriculum in terms of objectives, appropriateness for student level, improving English language skill and appropriateness of Turkish pre-school curriculum. On the contrary, teachers expressed that the curriculum did not focus on communication skill, it was not students-centered but topic centered and challenging for students. Teachers suggested that providing a better learning, developing new methods and techniques and materials, providing family support and trainings for teachers would make English teaching proves more effective.

Formation of future coaches' readiness to educate moral and volitional qualities in young athletes

The article reveals the problematic issues of modernization of the process of future coaches’ training in higher education institutions to form a personality capable of performing the role of a mentor in the education of moral and volitional qualities in pupils of children and youth sports schools. It has been proved that an important condition for the formation of a fully developed personality is its proper physical training, adherence to a healthy lifestyle, combining physical activity with human values and moral and volitional qualities. It has been established that the formation of students' moral and volitional qualities is based on the concept of “will” - the ability of a person to act actively and consciously in achieving the goal, overcoming internal and external difficulties. The will is considered as a mental human activity which is manifested in conscious and purposeful actions, struggle of motives, their choice, which precedes volitional action. Volitional actions have their own specific features: awareness, purposefulness, overcoming obstacles, initiating actions, the presence of volitional efforts, etc. For a future coach, these features are factors of successful overcoming difficulties in achieving the goal, self-improvement, focus on achieving the intended results by students. The purpose of the article is to determine the level of future coaches' readiness to develop moral and volitional qualities in pupils of children and youth sports schools. The component of forming the readiness of future coaches for the development of moral and volitional qualities in pupils of children and youth sports schools are pedagogical conditions: 1) transformation of the content of training of future specialists in higher education institutions; 2) ensuring positive motivation for the professional activity of future coaches; 3) use of active teaching methods in the process of professional training. The dynamics of future coaches' readiness for the development of moral and volitional qualities in pupils of children and youth sports schools showed that before the beginning of the formative experiment 39.7% of students had a low level of readiness, 37.8% - sufficient and 22.5% - high. At the end of the formative experiment, 31.8% of the experimental group remained at a low level, 41.9% at a sufficient level, and 26.4% at a high level. There were some differences in the number of respondents with low, sufficient and high levels, ranging from 16.0% to 28.5%. The development of moral and volitional qualities is an integral part of not only the educational process, but also the participation of the applicant in sports and recreational activities.

Digital heterogeneities in developing countries

This article investigates patterns of digital technologies’ adoption by industrial firms of selected developing countries, namely: Argentina, Brazil, Ghana, Thailand, and Vietnam. The objective is to identify inter and intra countries’ similarities and differences in terms of digital adoption, and understand how this distribution is leading to digital heterogeneities thus reinforcing the well-entrenched structural heterogeneity prevailing in these economies. The analysis is based on surveys carried out between 2017 and 2019 that covered a panel of 1,212 firms of varied sizes and industries. The evidence shows that most firms are currently adopting a low level of digitalization and have a positive expectation for the future even with a low level of readiness. The larger and technology intensive firms are, the higher the probability of firms being digitally progressive. These results suggest an increase of inter and intra countries’ asymmetries in digital adoption, bringing the emergence of digital heterogeneities.

Finding the sweet spot in Industry 4.0 transformation: an exploration of the drivers, challenges and readiness of the Thai sugar industry

PurposeIndustry 4.0 is recognised as a competitive strategy that helps implementers optimise their value chain. However, its adoption poses several challenges. This study investigates and ranks the drivers and barriers to implementing Industry 4.0 in the Thai sugar industry, the world's second-largest sugar exporter. It also evaluates the industry's readiness for Industry 4.0.Design/methodology/approachThe drivers and impediments were identified based on a systematic literature review (SLR) and further investigated using a questionnaire, expert interviews, Pearson's correlation and nonparametric statistical analyses. The IMPULS model was used to assess the industry's readiness.FindingsMost companies expect to minimise costs, develop employees and improve various elements of operational performance and data tracking capability. Thai sugar producers are still at a low readiness level to deploy Industry 4.0. High investment is the major challenge. Small businesses struggle to hire competent employees, collaborate with a highly credible technology provider and adapt to new solutions.Practical implicationsThe findings can serve as a benchmark or guide for sugar manufacturers and companies in other sectors, where Industry 4.0 technologies are not yet widely utilised, to overcome existing roadblocks and make strategic decisions. They can also assist governments in developing policies that foster digital transformation and increase national competitiveness.Originality/valueThere is a scarcity of research on Industry 4.0 execution in the sugar industry. This study addresses this gap by investigating the reasons for the hesitancy of sugar producers to pursue Industry 4.0 and proposing solutions.

THE STATE OF PRODUCTION, APPLICATION AND SPECIFIC ISSUES OF REGULATORY AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT TESTS

The experience of armed conflicts that do not cease on our planet confirms the increasing role of unmanned aerial vehicles in today's wars. The article analyzes the state and prospects of the unmanned aircraft vehicles production in the world, and highlights some problematic aspects regarding the provision of own unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV) development and samples testing of Ukrainian and foreign UAV production in modern conditions. It is shown that the largest producers of military UAVs in the world during the last decade were the USA, Israel, the Republic of Turkey, China, and Iran. A significant part of the European NATO member states, having their own development of unmanned aircraft vehicles and sufficient capacity for their production, prefer the purchase and acceptance into service samples of UAV, mainly of American or Israeli production, which have proven themselves well during armed conflicts in the Middle East. Considering the urgent need of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for UAVs in 2014, Ukraine also followed the path of NATO countries and initially concluded contracts for the supply of foreign-made unmanned aerial vehicles. The beginning of the war with the russian federation also gave a significant impetus to the development of private defense companies in Ukraine. In 2014-2015, an entire industry of unmanned aircraft production was born, and Ukraine became the world's largest testing ground for advanced military technologies. Information about the UAVs used by the Ukrainian military is different, since the Armed Forces receive both officially accepted and adopted UAVs samples, as well as UAVs samples that are transferred by volunteer organizations and often do not have official records (especially those UAVs that are not originally intended for military use). The changes to the regulatory documents that govern the procedures for acceptance into service and acceptance of samples of weapons and military equipment are aimed at ensuring the urgent needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for these samples, but they create a number of problems. In the context of providing the Armed Forces with unmanned aircraft vehicles, this is an aggravation of the problems of regulatory and methodological support for the development and testing of UAV samples and the low level of readiness of UAV samples provided by their developers (manufacturers) for testing or proposed for operation under a simplified approval procedure. According to the authors, one of the ways to increase the defense capability of Ukraine is to increase the development and testing efficiency of weapons and military equipment that will be put into operation and armed in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Therefore, it is necessary to stimulate the developers (manufacturers) of UAVs to strictly comply with the current regulatory documentation on the development of UAVs and to improve the quality of preparation of UAVs samples for testing; to study the experience of NATO countries, as well as in terms of requirements for the specialists training in the combat use of UAV; to promote the implementation of NATO standards in Ukraine in order to expand the opportunities for the participation of UAV in joint operations in NATO member countries and in Ukraine.

Prospects for the Incorporation of the Digital Ruble into Russia’s Monetary Turnover: Attributes and Principles for Developing a Trusted Digital Environment

The rapid nature of the modernization of monetary turnover, accompanied by geopolitical risks against the background of post-pandemic economic recovery and the regionalization process, no longer just arouses the discursive interest of society, but becomes an indispensable condition of the new reality. The process of money turnover transformation by introducing digital currencies into circulation in the wave of digitalization among world powers lagging behind the evolving environment of the cryptocurrency industry is developing into a process of formalization of metaverses and penetrates deeper into the socio-economic reality. The problem of the Russian practice of developing the payment environment consists in its catching-up character, caused by the spontaneous formation of the digital society, resulting in the expansion of the scope of alternative finance outside the legal field. The purpose of the paper is to determine the inherent attributes of the digital trusted environment necessary to ensure digital ruble turnover, based on an empirical study of society’s perceptions about the prospects for using the digital form of the national monetary unit by representatives of various generations. We used systematization, grouping, comparative and content analysis, surveys, and the quota method to achieve the paper’s purpose. The survey involved 35,327 residents from different regions. As a result, the authors revealed the low level of readiness of society for the introduction of the digital ruble as a substitute for cash and cryptocurrency. The paper focuses on the need for an integrated approach to the disclosure of the digital ruble’s value and benefits, which contributes to its successful launch and promotion in the market. The results of the research highlight the importance of correspondence in the digital ruble category “digital currencies”, and also the impossibility of making incorrect decisions in the transformation of money turnover, which leads to the growth of risks of digital inequality, the clash of interests of certain groups of the population in the prevailing behavioral patterns in the form of a cautious attitude to digital finance with insufficient financial literacy.

ASSESSING THE READINESS LEVEL OF RMG SECTOR OF BANGLADESH TOWARDS IMPLEMENTING INDUSTRY 4.0

Industry 4.0 is considered as the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and involves virtual and physical systems that are interconnected and collaborative in an autonomous way. The ready-made garments (RMG) sectors in Bangladesh have been undergoing a transition that encompasses the digitization of garment production processes. This research work provides the readiness assessment of the RMG sector of Bangladesh regarding industry 4.0 deployment. Industry 4.0 is a relatively advanced theory within the RMG factories, and it promotes the interest on how to make utilization of technologies included in the idea and take benefit from them as well. The study dilemma is that there is a limited amount of readiness assessments available that cover problems of interest. The research question has been created to assess the readiness level of the RMG sector in Bangladesh with regard to the application of Industry 4.0. The data collection and analysis techniques were adopted from the IMPULS model which is a foundation of the German Engineering Federation, VDMA (Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau). The quantitative method of the IMPULS model was modified to address the study issue accordingly. The findings demonstrate that RMG factories are rated no higher than level two out of six levels (0-5). It indicates that they are in the emerging state of implementing Industry 4.0 and facing significant challenges, particularly in strategy formation and facility infrastructure to fulfill the demands of Industry 4.0. The conclusion is that a great portion of RMG factories of Bangladesh is at the beginner level. The beginner level is comparable to level 1, which indicates a low level of readiness. Lack of knowledge, limited government help, poor infrastructure, cheap labor availability, and high initial investment costs could all be the contributing factors toward a lower level of readiness.

Взаимосвязь готовности к изменениям и самоорганизации у преподавателей высшей школы

<p>The relationship between personal readiness for changes as a psychological state that mobilizes personal resources and self-organization as one of the leading professional competencies of a modern higher education teacher is substantiated. The proposed assumption that readiness for change and self-organization have characteristic interrelations is substantiated. The materials of an empirical study obtained on a sample of teachers from different regions of the Russian Federation aged 30 to 70 years, with teaching experience from 3 to 50 years in the amount of 138 people are presented. The methods “Personal change readiness survey” PCRS (Personal change readiness survey) S. Rolnik, V. Hull, N. Heather, R. Gold (adapted by N.A. Bazhanova, G.L. Bardier); "Technological Readiness Index (TRI)" (A. Parasuraman, K. Colby) adapted by Yu.V. Khlopovsky; questionnaire "Diagnostics of the features of self-organization" (DOS) (A.D. Ishkov); author's questionnaire "Professional competencies of a teacher of higher education" were used. Empirical results indicate a low level of readiness for change and an increased level of self-organization indicators, where the indicator of goal-setting is most pronounced, and the least – correction. Conclusions are drawn about the positive relationship between readiness for change, self-organization and optimism, as well as the inverse correlation of these indicators with the level of discomfort that occurs when using various technical innovations in professional activities. The revealed interrelations of indicators of the studied phenomena allow us to most thoroughly approach the formation of a system of professional competencies of a modern teacher of higher education.</p>

Service availability and readiness of malaria surveillance information systems implementation at primary health centers in Indonesia.

One of the most important indicators in malaria eradication is the malaria surveillance information system (SISMAL) for recording and reporting medical cases. This paper aims to describe the availability and readiness of SISMALs at primary health centers (PHCs) in Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey was implemented in seven provinces for this study. The data was analyzed using bivariate, multivariate, and linear regression. The availability of the information system was measured by assessing the presence of the electronic malaria surveillance information system (E-SISMAL) at the studied PHCs. The readiness was measured by averaging each component of the assessment. From 400 PHC samples, only 58.5% had available SISMALs, and their level of readiness was only 50.2%. Three components had very low levels of readiness: (1) the availability of personnel (40.9%), (2) SISMAL integration and storage (50.2%), and (3) the availability of data sources and indicators (56.8%). Remote and border (DTPK) areas had a 4% better readiness score than non-DTPK areas. Endemic areas were 1.4% better than elimination areas, while regions with low financial capacity were 3.78% better than regions with high financial capacity, with moderate capacity (2.91%). The availability rate of the SISMAL at PHCs is only 58.5%. Many PHCs still do not have SISMALs. The readiness of the SISMAL at these PHCs is significantly related to DTPK/remote area, high endemicity status, and low financial capacity. This study found that the implementation of SISMAL is more accessible to malaria surveillance for the remote area and regions with low financial capacity. Therefore, this effort will well-fit to address barrier to malaria surveillance in developing countries.

Readiness of Teachers of General Education Institutions to Perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

RELEVANCE The problem of sudden cardiac arrest and sudden death among the students of educational institutions is highly relevant for the Russian Federation. In order to plan interventions aimed at improving effectiveness of management and reducing mortality from cardiac arrest in educational institutions, a clear understanding of level of readiness and motivation of teachers to provide help to a cardiac arrest victim is necessary. AIM OF STUDY To evaluate willingness of teachers of general education institutions to provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in cases of cardiac arrest, and to investigate factors and relationships that determine readiness of teachers to give help. MATERIAL AND METHODS In February–March 2021, an online questionnaire survey of teaching staff of general education institutions was conducted in the Republic of Crimea. As part of the survey, respondents were asked to evaluate their willingness to attempt CPR on a loved one, a stranger or a pupil on a five-point Likert scale, and to indicate potential barriers for performing CPR. The survey was voluntary and anonymous. RESULTS The questionnaire was completed by 5,921 teachers. Of all respondents, 9.2% were males, 31.6% — aged over 50 years, 32.3% — work in urban areas. The proportion of teachers who expressed absolute willingness to perform CPR on a loved one, a stranger or a pupil was 63.6% (n=3,766), 34.8% (2,058) and 41.0% (2,427), respectively. At the same time, 13.6% (804), 31.0% (1,836) and 30.6% (1,809), respectively, indicated that they would probably not or definitely not attempt CPR. A high readiness to perform resuscitation (4–5 points) was confirmed to be associated with previous CPR training (p<0.001) and with higher level of CPR knowledge (p≤0.006). The main barriers to providing resuscitation were “lack of CPR knowledge and skills” (indicated by 31.4–36.3% of the respondents depending on the type of presumed cardiac arrest victim) and “fear of causing harm to a victim” (49.2–51.4%). CONCLUSION Considerable portion of teachers of general education institutions demonstrate low level of readiness to provide life-saving help in case of cardiac arrest. Lack of CPR knowledge and skills constitute the main barrier to attempting resuscitation. In order to improve survival from cardiac arrest in educational institutions, comprehensive organisational interventions are required, which should primarily focus on ensuring full coverage of teachers with high-quality training and retraining in resuscitation.