Low Levels Of Physical Fitness Research Articles

Relationship Between Anthropometric Attributes and Physical Fitness Levels in Young Male Portuguese Futsal players

Background Futsal demands lower limb power, repeated sprint ability, and technical prowess. Furthermore, anthropometric characteristics have been shown to influence physical capacities and sports performance and, thus, should be assessed alongside physical fitness levels to maximize performance. Methods This study aimed to investigate the potential correlations between anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness levels among young Portuguese male futsal players and to compare these attributes across two distinct age groups. Twenty-one male athletes from two age groups (Under-18: N=14 - 16.1 ± 0.6 years old; Under-15: N=7 - 13.7 ± 0.6 years old) were recruited to take part in this investigation. Anthropometric characteristics [body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio] were assessed, and participants performed three performance tasks (20-meter sprint, vertical and horizontal jump). Results Statistically significant differences regarding body weight (p=0.005), height (p=0.011), and hip circumference (p=0.036) were observed between age groups (Under-18 and Under-15), but no differences were found regarding performance tasks (all p≥0.736). Conclusion After analyzing the entire sample, BMI was found to be inversely correlated with horizontal (r=-0.51; p=0.03) and vertical (r=-0.64; p<0.001) jump performance, and waist-to-hip ratio was positively correlated with 20-meter sprint performance (r=0.70; p<0.001). These indicate a correlation between a higher BMI and waist-to-hip ratio with lower physical fitness levels.

Assessment of Physical Fitness among School Children Aged between 11 and 14 Years in Surat City: A Cross-sectional Evaluation

Background and Purpose: Physical fitness (PF) is a powerful health indicator in children. The study aimed to measure PF and to evaluate age and gender differences in PF in school children of Surat city aged between 11 and 14 years. Methodology: The tests adopted from the EUROFIT Fitness Test Battery were used to measure the components of PF among 872 school children. Initially, body composition (height and weight) of children was measured, and body mass index (BMI) was noted. A 20-m shuttle run test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness, a hand-grip strength test to assess the strength of the hand muscles, a standing broad jump test to assess lower body explosive power, sit-ups in 30 s to evaluate abdominal muscular endurance, a sit-and-reach (SAR) test to assess flexibility, and a 10 × 5 m shuttle test to assess agility/speed were used. Results: Overall, boys performed better than girls for all the PF components except for the flexibility (SAR test), in which girls performed better. As the age increases, there would be an increase in body composition (BMI) along with increased performance on different PF components except VO2 max of 20-m shuttle run test. Conclusion: The present study concluded that a lower level of PF was noted among school children in comparison to the results of international studies, and girls are less physically fit than boys.

A Study of Blood Pressure and Physical Fitness in People with Intellectual Disabilities in South Korea.

Individuals with intellectual disabilities have a shorter lifespan and significantly higher prevalence of conditions such as hypertension and cardiovascular diseases than healthy individuals. Thus, assessing the elements that contribute to their physical fitness is crucial. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between the blood pressure and physical fitness of people with intellectual disabilities in South Korea, considering differences across sexes, age groups, physical attributes, and disability levels. It used data from 8502 individuals with intellectual disabilities aged 20-59 years who participated in a survey of a National Fitness Standard Center (NFSC) between 2018 and 2021. A series of t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, logistic regression, and the four-quartile method were used for data analyses. The results showed differences in physical fitness levels between men and women considering all aspects except for BMI (Body Mass Index), with men showing higher blood pressure levels. Lower grip strength, lower PEI (physical efficiency index) scores, and higher BMI were associated with increased blood pressure. Additionally, individuals with higher levels of disability tended to have lower levels of physical fitness, while higher physical fitness levels were associated with lower blood pressure. Therefore, low fitness levels and hypertension risk may be important health indicators for people with intellectual disabilities.

Physical education program for schoolchildren with autism spectrum disorders

Programs focusing on a single type of physical activity may not be suitable for schoolchildren with ASD as they fail to provide sufficient variety of means, which can lead to decreased interest in physical education and one-sided development of children. The issue of meaningful content development in physical education programs to improve the quality of life, psycho-physical, and social development of schoolchildren with ASD remains inadequately addressed. Research Objective: To develop a physical education program aimed at improving the quality of life and psycho-physical and social development of schoolchildren with ASD. Methods. To justify the content and structure of the physical education program prioritizing the development of coordination abilities of children with ASD, levels of quality of life indicators, physical fitness, and adaptive behavior of children with ASD were determined; relationships between them were established; indicators for boys and girls were compared. To assess the effectiveness of the physical education program, a pedagogical experiment was conducted. Nineteen boys and five girls participated in it. Throughout the academic year, children followed the program prioritizing the development of coordination abilities. Results. A low level of physical fitness, adaptability, and quality of life indicators in children with ASD was established, requiring effective ways to improve them. Based on the results obtained, the structure and content of the physical education program for children with ASD with a priority focus on the use of means for developing coordination abilities were justified. The program differed from traditional ones by focusing on the development of all muscle groups, a wide range of means from various sports. The volume of exercises prioritizing the development of coordination abilities was 55%, they were used in all parts of physical education lessons throughout the academic year in the content of educational material of all optional modules and in homework; various sports equipment and musical accompaniment were used. Some means were excluded as children with ASD were unable to perform them. The educational program was nominally built on a modular system, containing an invariant (mandatory) and a variable component. The invariant part included: theoretical- methodological knowledge and general physical training, the content of which was implemented during each lesson. However, the material of variable modules was implemented not sequentially, but simultaneously in all lessons. Material from three variable modules (games, athletics, gymnastics) and physical training was combined in one lesson. Conclusions. The author's physical education program contributed not only to a significant improvement in their level of development but also to the speed strength and endurance of various muscle groups of boys with ASD; it was effective (p=0.01) in improving the cognitive component of the quality of life of boys with autism spectrum disorders; significant positive changes occurred in boys' vision (p<0.05). Most indicators did not change statistically significantly but tended to improve. The absence of significant changes in the results may be due to a large spread around the arithmetic mean.

Dynamics of indicators of general physical fitness of young men in the process of sectional training in athletics

The process of physical education of schoolchildren in institutions of general secondary education should ensure proper physical fitness of its pupils. However, the data of numerous surveys of a wide contingent of students indicate a low level of physical fitness, which is primarily due to insufficient development of physical qualities. The emergence of negative cases during physical education lessons in the institution of general secondary education in recent years requires the use of such effective means that without much stress affect the physical fitness of schoolchildren.
 The purpose of the work is to determine the dynamics of the general physical fitness of 16-17-year-old boys during sectional athletics classes.
 Research results. The established indicators of physical fitness for the experiment formed the basis for further selection of means aimed at increasing the level of physical fitness of high school-aged boys.
 Thus, in the experimental group, a section on athletics for young men was created. Classes were held after school twice a week: on Mondays and Thursdays, lasting 60-90 minutes.
 Classes in the athletics section contribute to better assimilation of the program material, make it possible to significantly expand and deepen the scope of acquired skills and abilities, and increase the level of physical fitness. While conducting the preparatory part of the sectional class (warm-up), we drew the attention of the young men to the need to remember the exercises, their dosage and sequence. It was explained that a properly conducted warm-up helps prevent injuries and more effectively solve the tasks. Periodically, we offered the young men to warm up first in small groups, and then individually. When learning new exercises, in order to avoid mistakes, they were first demonstrated.
 Conclusions. The dynamics of growth rates of physical fitness indicators of young men during sectional athletics shows that the greatest progressive changes were achieved in indicators of speed, endurance and speed-strength qualities.

Level of physical fitness and physical development of volleyball players

In modern volleyball, the physical training of athletes acquires special importance in connection with the expansion of the range of game actions, the increase in the tension of the game, which requires maximum physical effort from athletes in situations that change quickly on the volleyball court.
 The purpose of the work is to determine the level of physical fitness and physical development of volleyball players based on the results of pedagogical testing.
 Research results. The study was conducted at Polis National University (10 team players, trainer-teacher: A. P. Denisovets). Pedagogical testing was conducted, in which 10 volleyball players of the student team took part. In the pedagogical testing, the following control exercises were used to assess the development of motor skills: long jump from a standing position, jumping up from a standing position, jumping up from a running run according to Abalakov), bending and extending the arms in a resting position while lying down, lifting the trunk into a sitting position from a lying position, throwing stuffed ball weighing 1 kg, "shuttle" run 4×9 m and a combined test.
 The results of the study indicate that volleyball players have different levels of physical fitness. The results of hand and static dynamometry show that the highest indicators are observed in players who perform the role of the first pace, followed by players of the second pace. Linking players have a lower level of physical fitness.
 Based on a study of the physical development of volleyball players, it was established that their average body length was 185 cm, and their average weight was 75 kg. First pace players had a height advantage compared to other playing roles, although libero players were shorter compared to other players. These data indicate a tendency to favor tall players in the formation of teams, regardless of their qualification and competition rank.
 Conclusions. The conducted research will enable specialists and coaches to determine the optimal ways of planning to improve indicators of physical fitness and physical development of volleyball players, both during educational and training sessions of groups improving the sportsmanship of students and highly qualified athletes at all stages of multi-year improvement.

Теоретико-методологические основы исследований по проектированию физкультурно-оздоровительных технологий

Health preservation and health promotion are among the most popular research topics in the modern world. Unfortunately, young people do not pay due attention to this issue, do not apply modern methods and ways to increase the body’s resistance to adverse factors, as well as do not use health-saving technologies in everyday life. The relevance of the study is determined by the requirements of theoretical and methodological approaches to research in various spheres of activity. However, despite the historical experience of human health promotion, from the epochs of the Ancient East to our time this problem is underdeveloped. According to the data of modern research, students entering universities have both deviations in health and low level of physical fitness. The paper characterizes the main methodological functions: normative and organizational, philosophical, ideological, epistemological, technological. The characteristic of methodological approaches to dosage of physical loads on the basis of fundamental knowledge about the laws of energy conservation is considered. Designing of physical fitness and health-improving technologies is proposed to be carried out on the basis of building theoretical and empirical-logical approaches, where organically interrelated ideas, hypotheses, regularities, evidence and principles are considered.

Effects of implementing a mandatory and consequential annual fitness assessment in a fire department over the initial 4-year period

BACKGROUND: Despite the physical nature of the occupation many firefighters have low levels of physical fitness which is associated with poor performance of occupational tasks and increased injury rates. For many fire departments an initial step in promoting health and wellness within the department is to conduct annual fitness testing. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of implementing a consequential fitness assessment within a fire department. METHODS: A retrospective repeated measures design was used to analyze annual fitness assessment data of professional firefighters (n = 1415) from 2019 to 2022 within a large urban fire department located in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The fitness tests included assessments of pull-ups, push-ups, sit-ups, aerobic capacity, and body composition. Repeated measure analyses of variances (ANOVAs) assessed the effect of year and a 2-way ANOVA was conducted to investigate the effects of sex and age on fitness measures on 2022 data. RESULTS: All fitness measures were found to be maintained over the 4-year period. Significant main effects of age and sex across all fitness measures, but no significant interactions were found. Older firefighters (50 + years) exhibited lower performance (p < 0.001, d > 0.80) on muscular fitness assessments than young firefighters (20–29 years). A large effect of sex (males > females) was found for pull-ups (d = 1.04), push-ups (d = 1.23), and aerobic capacity (d = 1.38). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that implementing a consequential fitness assessment could help maintain firefighters’ fitness levels over a multi-year period.

Differences in the Effect of aerobic sports and exercise motivation on students' physical fitness

Abstract Background/Problems. The problem in this research was the low level of physical fitness of female students at Senior High School (SMK) An-Nur, Padang City. This was suspected by the lack of sports activities carried out by female students—for study purposes. The research aims to see 1) the effect of aerobic exercise on female students' physical fitness, 2). Differences in physical fitness of female students with high and low exercise motivation. 3). Interaction between jogging and aerobic exercise with exercise motivation on physical fitness, 4). Differences in the physical fitness of female students in the jogging sports group and the aerobics group in female students with high exercise motivation. 5). Differences in physical fitness of female students in the jogging sports and aerobics groups in female students with low exercise motivation. Materials and Methods. The research type was experimental, using a 2 x 2 ANOVA design. This research used a purposive sampling technique, and then a motivational questionnaire test was carried out; after the motivational questionnaire data was obtained, it was divided into 5 people per group using the Matching technique to obtain a sample of 20 female students. Furthermore, the treatment was given 16 meetings (8 weeks). The tests used in this study were the initial and final, namely the physical fitness tests with the 2400-meter running tests. Results. The results showed: 1). There was no difference in the physical fitness of the jogging and aerobics groups. 2). The physical fitness of the high exercise motivation group was better than that of the low. 3). There was an interaction between jogging and aerobic exercise with exercise motivation on female students' physical fitness. 4). The physical fitness given jogging exercise was better than the aerobic exercise group in the group with high exercise motivation. 5). The physical fitness of the jogging group was lower than the aerobics group in the group with low exercise motivation. Conclusions. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that both jogging and aerobic exercise influence the physical fitness capacity of An-Nur Vocational High School students in Padang City. The benefits of research for teachers was to guide for learning and for further research was to guide in future research. Keywords: Aerobic Sports, Motivation, Physical Fitness, Students

Effect of Yoga Practice on Pulmonary Function in Healthy Young Adults with Intellectual Disability

Purpose: individuals with intellectual disability (ID) often experience challenges related to low levels of physical fitness, impacting both their physical and mental well-being. This study aims to evaluate the pulmonary function of children with ID and explore the effect of yoga practices on pulmonary function among the participants with ID. Material & Methods: the study was an assessor-blinded, randomised, controlled study. Participants clinically diagnosed with intellectual disability (ID) were randomly assigned to either yoga intervention or no intervention for a duration of 6 months. Pulmonary function test was assessed at baseline and after 6 months of intervention using a Helios 401 device. Results: in this study, a total of 56 adult participants of both sexes with intellectual disabilities (ID) were initially enrolled (n=56). Following the intervention, the final sample size was 48 participants. Notably, the participants in the yoga group demonstrated a statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in pulmonary function parameters when compared to the control group. These findings suggest a positive impact of the yoga intervention on pulmonary function, highlighting its potential as a beneficial therapeutic approach for individuals with intellectual disabilities. The observed improvements underscore the significance of incorporating yoga into interventions aimed at enhancing respiratory well-being in this population. Conclusion: in conclusion, this randomized controlled study offers valuable insights into the effects of various types of yoga practice on the pulmonary function of healthy young adults with intellectual disabilities. The positive outcomes observed underscore the potential of yoga as an effective intervention for enhancing pulmonary function in individuals with intellectual disabilities. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the integration of yoga into interventions aimed at promoting respiratory well-being in this population. Further research and exploration of specific yoga practices may provide additional tailored approaches for optimizing the respiratory health of individuals with intellectual disabilities.

Health-related Physical Fitness, Blood Pressure, and Body Mass Index among People with Intellectual Disability, Visual Impairment, and Hearing Impairment

PURPOSE: A low physical fitness level is one of the major health problems to be addressed among people with disabilities; this issue has not been spotlighted much in the public. This study was performed to determine the health-related physical fitness (HRPF) and blood pressure of people with intellectual disability (ID), visual impairment (VI), and hearing impairment (HI) and the differences in these parameters according to each type of disability and its severity.METHODS: Data of 11,802 participants with ID, VI, and HI who underwent standard physical fitness tests were analyzed. Differences in the proportion of participants with high blood pressure (HBP), body mass index (BMI) group, and HRPF parameters according to the severity of each type of disability were analyzed using the χ<sup>2</sup> test or one-way analysis of variance. The odds ratio for HBP after adjustments for age, sex, severity of disability, and BMI group was also analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: There were significant differences in all HRPF parameters according to the disability type as well as the severity of disability in each group of individuals with ID, VI, and HI. Those with ID had the lowest values in the hand grip strength, sit-up, and sit-and-reach tests, and these values were significantly lower in the most severely disabled group for individuals with ID. The odds ratio for HBP was 1.211 (95% confidence interval: 1.069–1.371) for grade 1 ID.CONCLUSIONS: Participants with ID had generally lower HRPF parameter values than those of participants with VI and HI. In addition, significant differences in HRPF parameter values, the proportion of participants with HBP, and BMI were found among participants with disabilities according to the severity of their disability, indicating opportunities for improving the health in these groups.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MODIFIKASI PERMAINAN TERHADAP KEBUGARAN JASMANI PADA PESERTA DIDIK PUTRA KELAS VII SMPN 3 KOTO BARU

ABSTRACT
 
 Based on the results of observations that researchers found in the field, the low physical fitness of VII grade male students is evident from the facts that researchers found in the process of physical fitness learning for the 1st semester of 2021/2022 school year. Only 13 students who have good physical fitness level out of 37 students, here the percentage can only be 35.14%, while 64.86% have low physical fitness levels (Physical Educater for Junior Haig School 1 Tiumang, Dharmasraya Regency). This study aims to uncover the differences in the learning model of game modification and traditional games on physical fitness of male students of class VII Male Students of Junior High School 3 Koto Baru Dharmasraya Regency)
 This type of research is quasi-experimental, which was conducted on Agust 1 to Ocober 2 in male students of class VII Junior High School 3 Koto Baru Dharmasraya District, amounting to 30 people. Sampling in this study using proportional random sampling techniques to obtain a sample of 24 people. The test instrument used in this study is the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test for children aged 13-15 years while the statistical data analysis technique uses the normality test, and the t-test.
 Based on the results of data analysis using t-test analysis. The first hypothesis is obtained tcount (10.78)> ttable (1.796) which means that there is a significant exercise effect of the learning model of game modification on physical fitness..
 
 Keywords: Physical Fitness of Students, Game Modifications.

METHODS OF CONDUCT OF A FORMAL EXPERIMENT FOR STUDYING THE STATE OF FORMATION OF THE PHYSICAL READINESS OF FUTURE OFFICERS FOR MILITARY-PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

The article presents the results of the formative stage of the pedagogical experiment and a statistical analysis of its results in terms of the formation of physical readiness of future officers for military and professional activities.
 The analysis of feedback from graduates - officers of the Land Forces (hereinafter - AF) - revealed that 20% of the feedback contains information about the low level of physical fitness and readiness of young officers for military and professional activities. This necessitates more effective contextual approaches to the development of physical qualities and military-applied physical skills and combat abilities of future officers of the Land Forces (hereinafter - future officers) as subjects of military management.
 It is found that an officer, as the main figure in the organization and conduct of hostilities, must meet the requirements of modern hybrid warfare. At the same time, its experience demonstrates that officers are required to have a high level of physical fitness and readiness for military and professional activities.
 The methodology for conducting physical training with future officers has been improved, which should be carried out primarily taking into account the loads adequate to the conditions of their future combat activities and through its pedagogical modeling in accordance with the peculiarities of military and professional activities in combat conditions.
 It has been experimentally determined that the methodology of physical training of the experimental group (hereinafter - EG) demonstrated effectiveness, which allowed to increase the level of their physical fitness in the power complex by 15.05%, while in the control group (hereinafter - CG) such an increase was only 3.1%. The functional state of future officers also changed positively. The level of the studied scales improved by an average of 15.6% in the EG, and by 7.2% in the CG. Improvements in the running complex were not so obvious and amounted to 2.7% in the EG and 1.5% in the CG. This may indicate that the improvement of speed (both on short and long distances) is very slow and requires more intense, intensive, specially directed work.
 The results obtained during the experiment allow us to assert that the level of physical readiness of the EG is good and allows it to successfully perform the assigned combat tasks.

Correlation of Body Mass Index and Work Profile on Hand Grip Strength and Endurance in Healthy Adults

Background and need of research: Hand Grip Strength (HGS) is an integral part of performing precise and refined fine motor activities. Many professions necessitate lifting and holding heavy loads with a proportionately static grip or repetitive or forceful gripping movements. Hence it is important to consider measurement of handgrip endurance (HGE) as an important component of assessment of physical performance. Most of studies have shown that HGS and BMI is associated with mortality and cardiovascular disease. So, need of this study is to fulfill the lacunae of literature. Method: A cross-sectional study-conducted on 80 healthy adults(age:18-40) after obtaining Institutional Ethical Committee clearance. Participants who met with the inclusion criteria were invited for study. BMI was calculated using the formula weight(kg)/height(m)2.HGS and HGE were measured in office worker and labourer using hand grip dynamometer. Results: Mean age, BMI, strength and endurance of office worker is (32.78+5.96), (26.15+5.36), (29.04+9.34), (44.63+28.53) and labourer is (32.47+4.46), (25.35+3.33), (37.26+8.57), (32.82+29.44) respectively. Spearman correlation test was used for analysis. Significant negative correlation (r=-0.507, p<0.05) is found between labourer BMI and HSG and very weak correlation found between BMI and HGE (r=-0.010, p>0.05). Weak and very weak correlation found between office worker’s BMI, HGS and HGE (r=-0.274, p>0.05 and r=0.110, p>0.05) respectively. Conclusion and clinical implication: There is significant negative correlation found between BMI and grip strength in labour group. This result supports that HGS can be effective tool for predicting physical fitness. Moreover, through normative value of HGS, clinician can detect low level of physical fitness at early stage in order to prevent future health problems. Keywords: BMI, hand grip strength, hand grip endurance, work profile

Exploring the Mechanistic Link Between Obesity and Heart Failure.

Among subtypes of cardiovascular disease, obesity has a potent and unique association with heart failure (HF) that is unexplained by traditional cardiovascular risk mediators. The concomitant rise in the prevalence of obesity and HF necessitates better understanding of their relationship to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. The purpose of this review is to provide mechanistic insight regarding the link between obesity and HF by elucidating the direct and indirect pathways linking the two conditions. Several direct pathophysiologic mechanisms contribute to HF risk in individuals with excess weight, including hemodynamic alterations, neurohormonal activation, hormonal effects of dysfunctional adipose tissue, ectopic fat deposition with resulting lipotoxicity and microvascular dysfunction. Obesity further predisposes to HF indirectly through causal associations with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and most importantly, diabetes via insulin resistance. Low levels of physical activity and fitness further influence HF risk in the context of obesity. These various processes lead to myocardial injury and cardiac remodeling that are reflected by abnormalities in cardiac biomarkers and cardiac function on myocardial imaging. Understanding and addressing obesity-associated HF is a pressing clinical and public health challenge which can be informed by a deeper understanding of the complex pathways linking these two conditions together.

The level of physical fitness in the applicants of higher education

The purpose of the study: to determine the level of development of agility, quickness, flexibility, strength, endurance in the applicants of higher education institutions of the I and II courses.
 Material and methods of the study. The study was conducted on the basis of the Semen Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics and the National Aerospace University «Kharkiv Aviation Institute». It was attended by 849 in the applicants of higher education of the I and II courses aged 17–18 years old.
 The applicants of higher education took part in the study voluntarily and were informed about the specifics of the study in advance.
 Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalisation of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics.
 The level of development of agility in the applicants of higher education institutions of the I and II courses was determined by the indicators of «shuttle» running 4×9 m, speed – running for 100 m, flexibility – torso tilt forward from a sitting position, strength – long jump from a place, endurance – uniform running.
 Results of the study. The indicators of development of agility, quickness, flexibility, strength and endurance in the applicants of higher education institutions of the I and II courses are considered and compared with the normative data. A comparison of the indicators of these physical qualities in boys and girls in gender and age aspects is presented.
 Conclusions. The applicants of higher education institutions of the I and II courses have a low level of physical fitness. The best indicators of agility, quickness and flexibility were found among in the applicants of higher education of the I course; strength and endurance – in the applicants of higher education of the II course.

Evaluation of Selected Physical Fitness Profiles of Academic and Non-Academic Staff of Oyo State College of Education Lanlate, Oyo State, Nigeria

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate selected physical fitness profiles of Academic and Non-Academic Staff of Oyo State College of Education, Lanlate, Nigeria.
 Methodology: The study made use of ex-post facto research design. The population for the study comprised of one hundred and ninety (190) staff that conveniently participated in the study within a span of sixteen weeks. 83 academic staff and 107 non-academic staff constituted the sample for the study which was purposively selected. The components of health fitness (flexibility, muscular endurance and muscular strength), physiological fitness (heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure) and motor fitness (agility, speed and leg power) were assessed using appropriate field tests and instruments.
 Findings: The study revealed that heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure correlated positively with motor fitness of academic and non-academic staff in Oyo State College of Education, Lanlate. The result also showed that flexibility, muscular endurance and muscular strength play a significant role with motor fitness of academic and non-academic staff of Oyo State College of Education, Lanlate. The findings also revealed that academic and non-academic staffs of Oyo State College of Education possess low level of physical fitness.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that adequate attention should be given to the development and training of motor fitness variables because they contribute significantly to health and physiological variables of the participants in this study. This unique contribution of the findings of this study support the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) that individuals believe they can successfully engage in fitness activities because they have observed others within their social or work environment engaging in fitness-related behaviour and which has influenced their choice of participation.

The influence of sports games on the Physical Fitness of first-year students

The article examines the level of Physical Fitness of 18-year-old female students of the first year of study, who in terms of health belong to the main medical group. At the beginning of the study, the level of development of speed, coordination abilities, flexibility and leg muscle strength of the girls was determined and a low level of Physical Fitness of the participants was revealed. Female students were divided into three levels of groups: the first – in the process of Physical Education, they used volleyball equipment, the second – basketball, and the third – footballl. After three months of classes, the test was repeated, which revealed the selective effect of sports games on various indicators of Physical Fitness. Namely, when using volleyball in classes, the biggest changes were observed in the indicators of the "leaning forward from a sitting position" test. In the group that used football equipment, the best dynamics were observed in the "shuttle run 4*9 m" test. We obtained the best positive changes in leg strength indicators (long jump from a standing test) in the group that used basketball equipment during Physical Education classes. Such selectivity of the impact of sports games on various Physical Qualities can be successfully used when purposefully used to solve the problems of increasing the Physical Fitness of female students.

Physical Fitness Variables, General Health, Dementia and Quality of Life in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The average life expectancy of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) is increasing. However, living more years does not mean living better, leading to the need for research on comorbidities associated with the aging process. Associated with this process are the physical characteristics most prevalent in an individual with IDD: low levels of all physical capacities, the accumulation of central fat, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, variables considered to be some of the main risk factors of the onset of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, and variables that can negatively impact quality of life (QoL). Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate a sample of 21 institutionalized adults with IDD (42.81 ± 10.99 years old) in terms of their anthropometric characteristics, body composition, general health status, functional capacity, neuromuscular capacity, and dementia/cognitive function, and the possible associations with QoL. All assessments were performed in the laboratory of the Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education-University of Coimbra. Participants, in the present study, have low levels of physical fitness and high metabolic and cardiovascular markets, which need to be improved. On the other hand, functional and neuromuscular ability seems to be associated with QoL (p ≤ 0.05). This study highlights the role of primary and secondary care providers in diagnosis, prevention, and supporting individuals with IDDs to promote QoL.

Survei tingkat kebugaran jasmani atlet remaja akademi basket rookie

Physical fitness also has a strong relationship with talent and health. Achievement in athletics correlates with other types of success, including other criteria such as physical fitness. This study aims to determine the level of physical fitness of young athletes at the Klaten rookie basketball academy. This descriptive research uses a survey approach. 20 basketball players. Tests and measurements are used in the data collection method. Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI) for the 16-19 year age group. Descriptive statistical analysis research using percentages is a method of data analysis. The results showed that young athletes had a moderate level of physical fitness, with 0 people (0%) having a poor level of physical fitness, 1 person (5%) having a low level of physical fitness, 9 people (45%) having a moderate level of physical fitness , and 0 people (0%) have a very good level of physical fitness. The conclusion is that most of the young athletes have a level of physical fitness which is included in the very good group, with 10 participants (or 50%) having the highest frequency in this field.