Low Maturity Level Research Articles

Evolution of mechanical properties of organic-rich shale during thermal maturation

Accurate assessment of the mechanical properties of organic matter, clay matrix, and bulk shale during maturation remains a challenge. Here, we aim to assess the mechanical properties of organic-rich shale during maturation using a combination of nanoindentation methods and various geochemical analyses, i.e., mineral composition, mass loss rate, chemical structure of organic matter, and Rock-Eval analyses. Results show that the evolution of mechanical properties of organic matter in shale during maturation can be divided into: the main oil-generation stage, and the condensate oil and gas generation stage. The stiffening of organic matter in the shale is mainly due to increased aromaticity and condensation of aromatic groups. The clay matrix experiences a slight decrease in hardness and Young’s modulus at low maturity levels due to the generation of liquid hydrocarbons. However, overall, the clay matrix becomes stiffer as the shale matures due to shale dehydration, expulsion or cracking of liquid hydrocarbons, transformation of clay minerals, and hardening of organic matter. The Young’s modulus and hardness of bulk shale generally increase with increasing maturity. This is closely related to the hardening of organic matter and clay matrix, as well as the development of the more compact and dense microstructure in the shale.

Incident Response and Threat Intelligence in Healthcare: A Study on Cybersecurity Incident Management

India and other Asian nations are seeing an unparalleled pace of advancement in the modernisation of their healthcare systems. In this endeavour, information technology is crucial. Though the healthcare industry has made great progress, information security is still lagging behind the protection requirements attained in technologically developed nations such as the United States and the United Kingdom. This study is an honest attempt to pinpoint vulnerabilities and dangers in the field of cybersecurity and offers a few targeted remedies in three main domains: risks, vulnerabilities, and IoMT. Using a qualitative research methodology, this research culminates in the creation of a security maturity model for Indian healthcare. Furthermore, in light of these attacks, the well-known National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) risk assessment system and its guiding principles are examined. Evaluating the risks intrinsic to these hacks analytically becomes crucial given the comparatively low information risk management maturity levels in Asian healthcare organisations. While several nations in Asia and throughout the world are battling the COVID-19 outbreak, cybercriminals have been attempting to spread misinformation about vaccines. Additionally, some people and organisations are attempting to undermine specific vaccines in order to promote their COVID-19 treatments. Hacking research data, virus testing, and clinical studies that reveal side effects or possible issues are of particular interest to profit-seeking businesses. The secure methodology for identifying network attacks is suggested by this study.

The generation mechanism of deep natural gas in Tabei uplift, Tarim Basin, Northwest China: insights from instantaneous and accumulative effects

The natural gas heavy carbon isotope and high dryness coefficients genesis in Tabei uplift, Tarim Basin has been highly controversial. To investigate the generation mechanisms of natural gas in the Tabei Uplift. Natural gas chemical composition, carbon isotopes were used to analyze the genesis of natural gas, source rock maturity, and basin modeling were conducted to reconstruct the natural gas generation process, and the influences of instantaneous and cumulative effects on natural gas properties was discussed. The results show that the dryness coefficients of natural gas range from 0.62 to 0.99 (average: 0.92), the methane contents range from 30.42% to 96.4% (average: 85.10%), ethane contents from 0.43% to 15.58% (average: 3.39%), propane contents from 0.11% to 11.43% (average: 1.78%), and the methane carbon isotopes range from −47.30‰ to −33.80‰ (average: −36.96‰), ethane carbon isotopes range from −39.60‰ to −33.20‰ (average: −35.57‰), propane carbon isotopes range from −36.90‰ to −28.50‰ (average: −35.49‰). Compared with the actual regional thermal evolution of the source rock (Ro% range from 1.4%∼1.7%), the natural gas exhibits excessively high dryness coefficients and heavy methane carbon isotope characteristics. The natural gas is primary cracking gas and sourced from marine type II kerogen. The dryness coefficient, methane carbon isotopes, and source rock maturity gradually increases from the west to the east. Instantaneous effects and leakage led to the dry gas and relative heavy methane carbon isotopes generated at a low maturity level. The current natural gas in the Ordovician reservoirs was all generated during the Himalayan orogeny. Long period pause of the gas generation between the two hydrocarbon generation phases is the main cause for the instantaneous effects.

Компоненты личностной зрелости студентов первого курса.

Research of personal maturity allows to determine the resources of professional responsibility in the development of the doctor’s competencies, which is especially important during the period of adaptation to the new conditions of learning in the first year. Mature person due to developed qualities achieves better results in a short time and effectively interacts with other people. Purpose of the study is to determine the indicators of personal maturity of students enrolled in the first year in 2023. Materials and methods. The Department of General Medical Practice conducted a survey of students enrolled in the first year in 2023. Total 396 persons: 313 women and 83 men. The average age of the respondents was 18,18±1,71 years. The study used the Hilbuch method to assess the level of personal maturity in general and its components. Results. The high level of unsatisfactory indicators of both personal maturity in general and its components was revealed, among which the worst results were noted when assessing the relationship of freshmen to their «I» (74.8% to 63.9% for females and males respectively). The medians of most indicators were not satisfactory. There are no statistically significant differences by sex, but the median sense of relationship to his «I» was significant among female respondents. Findings. The low level of personal maturity of students was revealed with no motivation and undetermined life attitudes in the absence of the ability to psychological intimacy with other people, which can become a psychological barrier to the development of professional competencies and communication in medical professions. Components of personal maturity, sense of civic responsibility and «I»-concept must be formed at the initial stage of learning, using all the possibilities of educational work and psychological support for freshmen.

Technology transfer model oriented to industry 4.0

Goal: This study aimed to propose a Technology Transfer Model oriented to Industry 4.0 (TTM4.0). Design/methodology/approach. Initially, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify existing gaps in Technology Transfer models: Another focus of the review was to determine the requirements for technological implementations in Industry 4.0. Thus, a specific TT model was built. Then, the model was validated through case studies in Brazilian companies (slaughterhouses). The methods employed to measure data and support decisions in the context of TT4.0 were AHP, Likert scale, and Fuzzy-TOPSIS. Results: Focusing on similar results between Companies A and B, thinking about adopting Industry 4.0, the central strategic needs were product quality, reducing human error, and reducing waste. Among the main factors inhibiting the maximum interest and availability of Industry 4.0 for both companies were high investment, lack of knowledge (procedures or in general), and uncertainties in results. Results indicate Big Data Analytics and artificial intelligence technologies. Originality/value: The Poultry Industry strengthens the economy and significantly impacts the country's socioeconomic indices. Despite this, the sector has a low level of technological maturity compared to others. Regarding the TTM4.0, while other models start by recognizing opportunities and then select technologies in the market, this model prioritizes phases of organizational self-knowledge for decision-making support. A primary difference between a maturity model and a Technology Transfer model is in their scope, with the latter being broader. It encompasses technology definition, implementation, and management, rather than being limited to diagnosis.

How artificial intelligence will transform project management in the age of digitization: a systematic literature review

AbstractAmong the causes of the low success rate of the projects (around 35% of the total) is the low level of maturity of the technologies available for the management of the projects themselves. However, today many researchers, startups and innovative companies are starting to apply artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning and other advanced technologies to the field of project management. By 2030 the industry will undergo significant changes. By using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol this paper explores the intersection of project risk management and AI. The study highlights how AI-driven methodologies and tools can revolutionize the way project risks are managed throughout the project lifecycle. Specifically, 215 papers have been analysed to explore how the scientific community has been moving so far on the topic. Besides, a cross-sectional investigation of the PM processes and AI categories/tools was carried out to identify any path that is prevalent, where the prevalence comes from, and for which PM process or sector it is most successful. Finally, from this study several gaps emerged that scientific research would have to fill to effectively implement AI in PM and that have been turned into opportunities for future research in the form of a research agenda.

IJCM_79A: A cross sectional study to compare the emotional maturity between middle school children of working and non-working mothers.

Background: A child’s overall development is based on physical and emotional well-being. Parenting skills plays a vital role in child’s emotional well-being and can be influenced by many factors and one of the factors is mother’s working status. Objectives: 1. To assess the emotional maturity level of middle school children. 2. To compare the emotional maturity levels between middle school children having working mothers and middle school children having non- working mothers. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study among middle school children between the age of 13 and 16 years was conducted in a school. A questionnaire-based interview was conducted using a standard semi structured Emotional maturity scale questionnaire. Results: The total students interviewed were 150 and were equally divided based on working status of mothers. Among them, 54.7% were boys and 45.3% were girls. 1.3% of the children of working mothers exhibited very low emotional maturity, but none of the children of non-working mothers did. Of the children of working mothers, 12% demonstrated low emotional maturity, compared to 8% of the children of non-working mothers. 78.7% of children whose mothers were working had an average level of emotional maturity, compared to 85.3% of children whose non-working mothers. 8% of the children of working mothers exhibited a high level of emotional maturity, compared to 6.7% of the children of non-working mothers. There was no significant difference between emotional maturity of children of working and non-working mothers (P=0.595). Conclusion: The study showed nil significant difference in emotional maturity score between children of working and non-working mothers. However, very low emotional maturity level was seen in Children of working mother which needs further importance. So, similar Future Studies with higher sample size will be needed to address this statistically and the concept of emotional maturity needs to be looked into with more preference to emotional maturity factors.

Pengukuran Kematangan Keamanan Siber pada Perusahaan Teknologi Informasi dengan Framework Center for Internet Security Controls

This research evaluates the cybersecurity maturity of a technology information company in Jakarta, using the CIS Controls framework that encompasses all controls within Implementation Group 1 (IG1). The company has not conducted formal measurements regarding cybersecurity maturity, leading to uncertainty about the effectiveness of security efforts. The aim of this study is to measure, assess, and provide recommendations to enhance cybersecurity within the company. The research methodology involves an assessment of CIS Controls implementation and maturity level measurements. The measurement results indicate a low level of maturity, with an overall score of 0.41. The company needs to make significant improvement efforts in the cybersecurity aspect. Recommendations derived from this analysis emphasize the need for policy enhancements, control improvements, and increased employee training, serving as a guide for the company to strengthen weak cybersecurity aspects. The company should adopt a sustainable approach with management commitment and active engagement of all stakeholders.

Burial and thermal history modeling of basins in convergent oblique-slip mobile zones: A case study of the Ardmore Basin, southern Oklahoma

The burial and thermal history of sedimentary basins within oblique-slip mobile zones are unique and multifaceted, with irregular periods of subsidence that are closely related to compressional and shear stress. Modern basin modeling techniques can constrain the timing of tectonic events and thermal history as well as determine rates and magnitudes of basin subsidence, which in turn, helps guide exploration for hydrocarbons. The work presented here is the first modern basin modeling effort in the Ardmore Basin in southern Oklahoma. The study uses 12 one-dimensional burial history models to evaluate the thermal maturity of the Late Devonian (Famennian)–Early Mississippian (Tournaisian) Woodford Shale and the Early–Late Mississippian (Tournaisian–Serpukhovian) Caney Shale hydrocarbon source rocks. All models display a similar tectonic evolution with subsidence during and following Cambrian Iapetan rifting, tectonic stability during a Silurian–Late Mississippian passive margin phase, Pennsylvanian synorogenic subsidence, Permian post-orogenic subsidence, Late Permian–Early Cretaceous regional uplift and unroofing, and Early Cretaceous–Paleogene subsidence of the Gulf of Mexico Basin. Episodic Pennsylvanian subsidence appears to have been synchronous with sequential uplift of the Wichita Uplift and the Arbuckle Uplift in response to major left-lateral transpression. Rapid and high magnitude Late Mississippian–Permian subsidence (>250 m/m.y.; 820 ft/m.y. in basin synclines) suggests the Ardmore Basin functioned episodically as an elevator basin, which is typical of sedimentary basins in oblique-slip mobile zones. The Devonian–Mississippian shale section has a broad range of thermal maturity (vitrinite reflectance, 0.40–2.00% Ro), which is strongly dependent on structural position. Isoreflectance lines are subhorizontal and cross-cut structure, indicating post-kinematic thermal maturation in which strata are thermally immature in uplifts and thermally overmature in the deepest synclines. The post-kinematic pattern is a product of a rapid, early phase of synkinematic thermal maturation that has been obscured by a prolonged period of post-kinematic thermal maturation. Variations in basal heat flow, structural history, and general variability of hydrocarbon source rock organic composition, particularly at low thermal maturity levels, have resulted in a modest degree of scatter in the vitrinite reflectance-depth data.

Evaluating the current state of Digital Era Governance application in local government units in the Małopolska region

Abstract The study aims to determine the implementation degree of Digital Era Governance (DEG) in selected local government units (LGU) of Małopolskie Voivodeship and to show differences in the effectiveness of digitalisation in LGUs depending on the level of local government, i.e., the county and the municipality. The study employs a model of digital maturity intended specifically for public administration. This model assesses six dimensions of digital maturity, namely, digitalisation-focused management, openness to stakeholders’ (partners’) needs, digital competencies of employees, digitalisation of processes, digital technologies, and e-innovativeness. The study results indicate that the examined local government units in the Małopolska region suffer from a low level of digital maturity. In particular, the results show that the implementation of digital technologies and the digital competencies of staff are the most developed dimensions of digitalisation in the examined local government units. In turn, e-innovation and process digitalisation are the least developed areas and require further improvement. Additionally, digital maturity is lower at the municipal than county level. These findings confirm the thesis that New Public Management affects the development of local government and highlights the increasing role played by Digital Era Governance. In contrast to most studies on public administrations, this study focuses on the local government level. It employs the original model of digital maturity in the field of public administration. This study intends to contribute to the concept of Digital Era Governance by focusing on the digitalisation of LGUs.

C++ Rush: an educational gaming experience

Programming language is a subject that is quite difficult to understand at first glance, especially for beginners. Most beginners struggle to comprehend programming concepts because of their low maturity level, lack of programming experience, and difficulty understanding and learning the logic and scripting language. C++ is one of the basic, convenient programming languages that help programmers comprehend the principles of all programming languages. If the principles of C++ have been grasped, someone with a thorough knowledge of the language could easily transit to other programming languages. Therefore, this study proposes the combination of an educational game with C++ to provide early exposure to novice programmers and assist those who are struggling to learn the programming language. Furthermore, it attempts to create and develop an interactive, instructional programming game. Another purpose of this study is to test the usefulness of the generated programming game using a questionnaire. The study utilized the Agile Model because iterative development is one of its components. The agile technique consists of six (6) phases: requirements, design, development, testing, deployment, and review. This study did usability testing with 30 individuals. Most of them agreed that gamification might change a tough and complex topic into one that would be incredibly engaging. In addition, it has ultimately allowed users to properly learn C++. Future work may employ a broader range of programming languages.

Peningkatan Pengetahua Kematangan Karir Siswa Smk Yosonegoro Magetan

Abstract
 This research aims to improve the career maturity of students of SMK Yosonegoro in Magetan Regency, East Java. Career maturity is the readiness of individuals to face the tasks of career development according to their stage of development. However, some students of SMK Yosonegoro face challenges related to career maturity. To overcome this problem, the researchers conducted community service activities that included several stages, namely: interviewing BK and 2 students to obtain initial data on the problems faced by students; giving a career maturity scale consisting of 33 items to 16 grade 12 students as a sample to measure their level of career maturity before and after participating in psychoeducation; providing psychoeducation on career maturity that contains material on career maturity strategies and raising awareness about careers in the future for students; and analysis of post-test data using Excel to find the average and standard deviation to determine the category range of low, medium, and high on the post-test results. From the results of the post-test data analysis, it was found that most students (12 people) had a moderate level of career maturity, only one person had a low level of career maturity, and three people had a high level of career maturity. This shows that the psychoeducation given has a positive impact on increasing students’ career maturity.Thus, it can be concluded that this community service activity successfully helped students of SMK Yosonegoro in improving their career maturity according to their stage of career development. 
 
 Keywords: Career Maturity, Psychoeducation, Vocational High School Students

Longitudinal Analysis of Universities Management Maturity in Indonesia

The maturity of the management of public service agencies greatly determines quality and competitiveness. The main objective of this research is to assess the management maturity level of public service agencies in Indonesian state Islamic universities using the BLU-MaturityRating Model. The research design uses a mixed-methods research paradigm with a sequential approach, which collects quantitative data followed by qualitative data. The researchers collected quantitative data from secondary data published by the Directorate of Public Service Agencies, Ministry of Finance of the Indonesia Republic. Unstructured in-depth interviews were collected for qualitative data. Key informants are officials who are actively involved in the operations of public service agencies at their universities. Qualitative data analysis uses content analysis, while quantitative data uses tabulation analysis. The research results show that public service agencies' majority level of management maturity is at the second level (managed). The low level of maturity is due to a normative, sceptical and indifferent attitude to wards the demands of management maturity. This condition impacts the low performance of public service bodies at state Islamic universities in Indonesia.

Later and less? New evidence on occupational maturity for Swedish women and men

A common assumption in the social stratification literature is that the lion’s share of people reaches occupational maturity quite early in working life, i.e., they end up in an occupation/class position and stay there. The conventional view is that career maturity is reached around the age of 35. By using Swedish longitudinal occupational biographies across six birth cohorts from 1925 to 1984, this study challenges this view. Our findings reveal substantial career transitions throughout working life, an increase across cohorts, and a wide variation in the age of the last class transition. This suggests that careers are not in general static positions from a certain age, but fluctuate over time. There are signs of a general slowing down of career transitions across working lives, but this comes later in life and to a smaller extent than expected. These findings suggest that research often based on cross sectional data, e.g. studies on intergenerational mobility and class differences in health, need to incorporate career mobility data. More research is needed to illuminate if the results of Sweden, in terms of a low and decreasing level of occupational maturity can be replicated in other countries.

Cyber Resilience and Healthcare Information Systems, a Systematic Review

The systematic review reported by this article aimed to analyze and synthesize state-of-the-art studies focused on the cyber resilience of healthcare information systems, namely in terms of (i) their purposes and (ii) methods being used to validate the proposed solutions. An electronic search was conducted, and 14 studies were included in this systematic review after the selection process. The research related to cyber resilience in the context of healthcare information systems is relatively recent and it is increasing, and according to the findings five different purposes were identified: (i) strategies to improve the cyber resilience of healthcare information systems; (ii) methods to design cyber resilient healthcare information systems; (iii) risk assessment; (iv) cyber resilience frameworks; and (v) development of cyber resilient healthcare information systems. Moreover, the solutions reported by the included articles present a low maturity level, which means that further research is required to increase the cyber resilience of healthcare information systems that constitute critical assets of the healthcare provision.

Digital maturity index for Russian public companies

Subject. The article addresses the digital premium in stock prices as a risk factor in multi-factor asset pricing models in the Swedish and Russian stock markets. Objectives. The purpose is to assess the level of digital premium as a risk factor in multi-factor pricing models, by using the corporate digital maturity index developed by L. Blixen-Fineke and his colleagues, and E.I. Gibadullin, based on data from Swedish and Russian issuers, respectively. Methods. The main research method is the analysis of financial and non-financial statements of 26 Swedish public companies and 51 domestic issuers from 11 sectors of the Russian economy. Results. The analysis revealed statistical significance of digital premium factor in the domestic stock market, as well as an incipient trend of excess of historical return of the investment portfolio of shares of companies with a high level of digital maturity over the portfolio of shares of companies with a low level of digital maturity. These results enable to modify current multi-factor asset pricing models to improve their explanatory power. Conclusions. The revealed empirical evidence of the existence of price anomaly in the form of digital premium creates the necessary evidence base for the development of research aimed at the evolution of multi-factor asset pricing models in the domestic stock market. The findings create a foundation for the development of factor-based investing on the Russian stock market, based on selection of company shares for the investment portfolio, considering the level of digital development of companies.

Operational shock: A method for estimating cyber security incident costs for large Australian healthcare providers

ABSTRACT This paper introduces a novel cyber incident cost estimation methodology, applicable to large Australian healthcare providers. A review demonstrates the poor utility of current risk estimation approaches and the vulnerability of healthcare networks is evaluated using Leibniz’s law of indiscernibles, and Evans’ theory of vague objects. Finally, a quantitative cost calculation method is proposed, merging temporal and impact variables with service data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. This research demonstrates that existing attempts to measure cyber incident risk produces vague results. This is evidenced by 929 Australian healthcare data breaches recorded over 5 years, a AU$0.6bn annual national risk exposure, and low levels of healthcare cyber maturity across three states. The likelihood of data breaches is reported as 99.4%, with known ICT vulnerabilities exceeding 207,000. After logically concluding that healthcare networks are fundamentally insecure, an ‘operational shock’ calculation method is modelled against the AIHW data, to illustrate realistic cyber incident costs. This returns an exposure across Australia’s acute care hospital network of AU$148.1 m from a single incident that takes 1 week to resolve. In considering this quantum, risk transfer options using cyber insurance and improved agency cyber risk programs are required to mitigate significant financial risks.

Kierunki badań nad oceną dojrzałości zarządzania procesami biznesowymi w Przemyśle 4.0/5.0

The results published in the literature on the maturity of BPM in organisations, taking into account both the degree of implementation of process management and process orientation, indicate that the majority of the organisations surveyed in Poland exhibit a low level of maturity. Despite the increasing number of studies attempting to assess organisational process maturity, it is important to highlight the discourse in foreign subject literature regarding a critical perspective on maturity models. This primarily concerns the utilitarian aspect, which is identified as the limited practical value of applying maturity models. The main objective of this article is to evaluate the current state of knowledge on business process management (BPM) maturity in Polish and foreign subject literature, and to outline directions for further research on process maturity, with a special focus on new requirements and opportunities arising from Industry 4.0 and the emerging Industry 5.0. In order to achieve this objective, research methods such as bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review were applied. The outcome of this study includes the identification of limitations related to both the methods and models for assessing business process management maturity, as well as the presentation of recommendations for future research directions on process maturity.

Techno-economic assessment of far-offshore hydrogen-carrying energy vectors off the Iberian Peninsula

Green hydrogen (H2) generation in far-offshore locations is being proposed as an alternative for the decarbonisation of the current fossil fuel-based energy system. However, due to the limited experience and low level of maturity of the technology, an accurate and comprehensive assessment of their technical and economic feasibility is crucial. To this aim, the present paper suggests a holistic numerical model for the techno-economic assessment of diverse H2-carrying energy vectors, such as gaseous (GH2) and liquid H2 (LH2), and ammonia (NH3), in far-offshore wind farms. The model includes all the relevant stages, from energy generation, to conversion, transportation, and storage. Hence, the model enables the assessment of broad offshore areas for site selection, sensitivity analyses to identify the most relevant aspects, and optimisation procedures to identify the most suitable H2-carrying energy vector. The consistency of the model is first verified against the literature and then applied to regions off the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. Results show that, compared to bathymetry or distance to port, wind resource availability is the most crucial factor to ensure the economic feasibility of the projects. Additionally, for any given site, the full electric alternative turns out to be lower than any H2-based energy vector. Among the studied H2-carrying energy vectors, GH2 is the least expensive one and nearly competitive with electricity, as LH2 and NH3 show between two- to three- times greater expenses.

Assessing Building Information Modelling (BIM) Maturity Levelin Design and Build Public Projects: Case Studies of Public Projects in Malaysia

Design and Build (D&B) is one of the most common project delivery methods to incorporate with Building Information Modelling (BIM) and has brought to light many innovativebenefits, including collaboration and integration of work processes. However, there is still confusion and a lack of empirical evidence in the construction industry regarding the interpretation of success in a BIM implementation, especially in D&B projects. Hence, this paper is aimed to assess the current maturitylevel of BIM in D&B BIM projects. A quantitative method by means of a survey via questionnaire has been used by adopting the "Migration Path Model of BIM for Construction Professionals" to 31 respondents in three (3) public D&B projects. The findings revealed that the implementation of BIM in those three (3) selected projects does not meet the requirement of BIM maturity in projects. Nevertheless, the BIM competencies of the projects gradually increase throughout the shift of project years. The low level of BIM maturity implies a need to have a standardised policy and guideline in determining the maturity and competencies of BIM implementation in projects at the national and market levels. Thus, it is expected that the results of this research will assist in ensuring the benefit of disruptive technology like BIM could be reaped by the construction industry.