Lower Levels Of Psychological Well-being Research Articles

Stressful life events and adolescent well-being: The role of parent and peer relationships.

It is well established that stressful life events (e.g., family bereavements or moving to a new country) are damaging to psychological health and well-being. Indeed, social relationships are often noted as an important factor that can influence well-being and buffer the negative effects of stress. However, the quality and source of these relationships, particularly for adolescents, are often overlooked. Using the Growing Up in Ireland Survey, a population-based study of 13-year-old Irish adolescents (N = 7,525; 51.1% female), the current study examines the quality of both parent and peer relationships as potential mechanisms explaining the association between stressful life events and psychological well-being indices in adolescents. As expected, results showed that stressful life events negatively impacted the psychological well-being of adolescents. Parallel mediation analyses indicated that both parent and peer relationship quality mediated this association. Further exploratory analyses found that for girls, greater numbers of stressful life events were associated with poorer quality relationships with both their parents and peers, and in turn, these were linked to lower levels of psychological well-being. For boys, this effect was only evident for parental relationship quality, but not peers. The implication of these findings for adolescent's psychological well-being, particularly for girls, is discussed.

The Internalization of Social Stigma Among Minor-Attracted Persons: Implications for Treatment

In this article, we sought to build on existing stigmatization research by examining the extent to which internalized stigmatization (i.e., the personal adoption and incorporation of social views, operationalized as thought suppression—an avoidant coping strategy—and low psychological well-being) among minor-attracted persons (MAPs) may impact upon help-seeking behaviors and their avoidance of children. We adopted a cross-sectional anonymous survey design to recruit a sample of self-identified MAPs (N = 183) from prominent online support fora. We found that increased levels of suppression and lower levels of psychological well-being were associated with lower levels of hope about the future, but higher levels of both shame and guilt about having a sexual interest in minors. Thought suppression was not significantly associated with outcomes related to help-seeking behaviors, but did significantly predict higher rates of actively avoiding children, even after controlling for psychological well-being and other emotional variables. Independently, lower levels of self-reported psychological well-being were associated with a desire for more support and higher rates of actively avoiding children. We explore the potential implications of our data in relation to treating and supporting MAPs within the community, increasing their well-being, and encouraging help-seeking behavior.

Стратегии совладания, психологическое благополучие и проблемное использование интернета в период пандемии

Pandemic and accompanying isolation period made significant changes in the daily activities of adolescents and young people. In the changed conditions, it is of interest to study the most adaptive coping strategies that contribute to the preservation of psychological well-being. The study involved 88 girls in Russia, aged 13 to 22 (M = 17.8; SD = 3).Data collection was carried out from 6 to 7 May 2020.The scales used were: Pandemic Lifestyle Changes Questionnaire, Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale (GPIUS3), Loneliness Scale (UCLA), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Well-Being Index (WHO-5), and Symptom Check List- 90-Revised (SCL-90-R).Short and long term planning was found to be positively associated with less depressive symptoms and greater life satisfaction. Social interaction and altruism are associated with lower rates of problematic Internet use. Family interaction is associated with indicators of psychological well-being and less loneliness. Family conflicts are correlated with an increase in rates of problematic Internet use and lower levels of psychological well-being.

Dhat syndrome and its perceived impact on psychological well-being

Background: Dhat syndrome is a culture-bound syndrome originating in the Indian subcontinent, primarily among men characterized by the fear of loss of semen. Objective: The article discusses the perceived impact of Dhat syndrome on the overall psychological well-being of the individual. Method: Four patients from hospitals in Kolkata, West Bengal, were screened using MINI and then interviewed using semi-structured interview to assess presenting concerns, interventions, psychological well-being, attitude toward sex and masturbation, and their sociodemographic details. The data were then categorized based on the dimensions of the questionnaire, which was then analyzed individually and separately based on the dimensions. The differences and commonalities between the dimensions as conveyed by the participants were then reported. Results: The analysis showed that the participants reported lower levels of psychological well-being based on the categories of Seligman's PERMA model and attributed it to the symptoms experienced by them. They traced the beginning of the hindrances to achieving optimal well-being to the onset of symptoms. Conclusion: This article proposes the incorporation of integrative therapeutic interventions and advocacy of sex education to address the psychological well-being over the current symptom reduction interventions used.

Correlation of School Well-Being Indicators and the Implicit Theory of Intelligence in Well-Being Schoolchildren

Based on the results of studies by representatives of positive psychology, the authors suggested that one of the most important results of upbringing and instruction in high school is the implicit theory of schoolchild intelligence that is assimilated in the interaction of a teenager with peers, parents and teachers. At present, confidence in the students’ own intellectual viability is considered as priority goals of school education. At the same time, there is a lack of research on the correlation of indicators of implicit theories of intelligence and school well-being. The study involved 169 secondary school students from the 7th to 10th grade of the city of Yekaterinburg. As a result of the study of correlation relationships, the authors found that the adoption of the theory of accumulated intelligence, an enriched personality and the goal of teaching students with a high level of psychological well-being is associated with a positive attitude towards school. The self-esteem of teaching students with a low level of psychological well-being will be positive provided that the adolescent has a positive attitude towards school and teachers, with a negative attitude towards parents.

Do All Dimensions of Sustainable Consumption Lead to Psychological Well-Being? Empirical Evidence from Young Consumers

This research responds to the call for a greater understanding of how sustainable consumption leads to quality of life. Previous studies have not yielded conclusive evidence regarding whether individuals’ sustainable consumption promotes well-being. We theorize that both well-being and sustainable consumption should be conceptualized and measured as multi-faceted constructs to reconcile and understand the contradictory previous findings. This study examines the association between three dimensions of sustainable consumption: purchasing, simplifying and activism, and the six markers of psychological well-being in a sample of 423 young consumers. The findings show that the relationship between sustainable consumption and happiness is more intricate than depicted in previous studies. Happiness is mainly derived from simplifying behaviors, whereas engaging in activist behaviors is associated with lower levels of psychological well-being. Understanding the relationship between SC and well-being may help leverage points of action to support sustainable consumers and persuade more young consumers to embrace this lifestyle.

STUDIES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN THE WORKS OF UKRAINIAN AUTHORS

The numerous modern Ukrainian authors deal with the problem of psychological well-being as the main aspect that reflects the mental health, social adaptation and personal effectiveness. Based on the works of contemporary Ukrainian authors, four main areas of their research can be identified: an analysis of the theoretical aspects of the «psychological well-being» concept, the study of its personal and socio-psychological determinants, a study of its relationships with other psychological phenomena, and the study of the psychological well-being of various categories of people. Grishko V. V. identifies four groups of areas of theoretical approaches: from the point of view of the eudemonistic and hedonistic approaches, based on studying the problems of positive functioning, psychophysiological preservation of functions, from the point of view of approaches in which psychological well-being is viewed as a holistic subjective experience of happiness, life satisfaction. Some concepts of scientists from post-Soviet countries and foreign researchers are shown in the article. Internal and external functional and structural determinants are indicated. Resources (personal and socio-psychological) studied by researchers are listed in the paper. The data of theoretical and empirical research of some categories of people (representatives of different cultures and religions, ages, professions, suffering from diseases…) Self-actualization and implementation of teachers and psychologists has been investigated as an important determinant of psychological well-being. The search in Internet for useful information increases the level of psychological well-being of high school students, and «aimless wandering» and «games» reduce it. In order to preserve and increase the psychological well-being of the elderly, social activity, involvement in relationships, training are important. On the example of patients with diabetes, it was shown that somatic disease is associated with low levels of psychological well-being. The article emphasizes the influence of psychological well-being on the mental health, longevity and life quality. The significance and necessity of further research are substantiated.

ICD-11 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the United States: A Population-Based Study.

The primary aim of this study was to provide an assessment of the current prevalence rates of International Classification of Diseases (11th rev.) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) among the adult population of the United States and to identify characteristics and correlates associated with each disorder. A total of 7.2% of the sample met criteria for either PTSD or CPTSD, and the prevalence rates were 3.4% for PTSD and 3.8% for CPTSD. Women were more likely than men to meet criteria for both PTSD and CPTSD. Cumulative adulthood trauma was associated with both PTSD and CPTSD; however, cumulative childhood trauma was more strongly associated with CPTSD than PTSD. Among traumatic stressors occurring in childhood, sexual and physical abuse by caregivers were identified as events associated with risk for CPTSD, whereas sexual assault by noncaregivers and abduction were risk factors for PTSD. Adverse childhood events were associated with both PTSD and CPTSD, and equally so. Individuals with CPTSD reported substantially higher psychiatric burden and lower levels of psychological well-being compared to those with PTSD and those with neither diagnosis.

LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS OF RE-EXPERIENCING VIOLENCE ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE

Guided by the cumulative disadvantage hypothesis, the present study examines recurrent victimization experiences across the life course and their impact on psychological health in later life. Using data from the 2010-2011 Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, we explored the latent structure of histories of childhood maltreatment (i.e., neglect, emotional/physical abuse, witness of domestic violence) and elder abuse victimization among 5,968 older adults (average age of 71 years). We also investigated whether membership in specific latent classes, particularly experiencing both childhood and elder victimization, would be associated with psychological functioning in late life. We identified five latent classes: “Never victimized” (66% of respondents), “Abused as child” (16%), “Abused and neglected as child” (9%), “Abused as elder” (6%), and “Abused as child and elder” (2%). Also, the “abused as child and elder” class consistently was associated with negative psychological outcomes (i.e., distress and somatic symptom severity) and lower levels of psychological well-being.

A social identity needs perspective to Veg*nism: Associations between perceived discrimination and well-being among Veg*ns in Turkey

We examined the associations between perceived discrimination, social identity need satisfaction, and well-being among a sample of vegetarians and vegans (veg*ns) in Turkey. Drawing on the Rejection Identification Model, Motivated Identity Construction Theory, and the Social Cure approach, we tested whether perceived discrimination was related to the satisfaction of esteem, meaning, belonging, efficacy, distinctiveness, and continuity needs derived from veg*n group membership and whether the satisfaction of these needs, in turn, was associated with psychological well-being and self-esteem. A total of 350 veg*ns living in Turkey participated in an online study and completed measures of perceived discrimination based on veg*n group membership, veg*n identity need satisfaction, psychological well-being, and global level self-esteem. As expected, perceived discrimination was prevalent among Turkish veg*ns (more so among vegans) and was strongly associated with the greater satisfaction of all identity needs. In turn, the satisfaction of efficacy and continuity needs was related to greater well-being, showing an indirect association between perceived discrimination and well-being. Findings also showed that the satisfaction of the esteem need predicted (less strongly) lower levels of psychological well-being and self-esteem, indicating only some aspects of need satisfaction through veg*n identities to have positive implications for well-being. Findings are discussed in terms of the relevant socio-cultural environment, social identity theories, and stigmatization in the context of veg*n group membership.

Study of the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) amongst French Workers: a Combined Variable- and Person-Centered Approach

Keyes’s theory-driven model of mental health uses a diagnosis which leads to three levels of positive feelings and positive functioning: languishing, moderately mentally healthy and flourishing (Keyes 2002). Although these three-level categories may be justified for a unidimensional factor structure, or a factorial structure using summated scales, the recent works supporting a multidimensional structure of the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) suggest the adoption of shape-based rather than level-based categories of mental health (Morin et al. 2017). This research aims at testing the empirical validity of Keyes’s taxonomy and its relationship to psychosocial functioning. We first adopted a variable approach by selecting the optimal factor structure for the MHC-SF: the bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (Bi-ESEM). Following with a person-centered approach, we used a latent profile analysis on the factor scores of the Bi-ESEM. Psychosocial risks indicators were used as outcomes for testing the criterion validity of the models on a sample of 1065 French workers. Results show that the mental health subgroups are more intricate than the three-levels categories originally theorized by Keyes (2002, 2005). While the general Bi-ESEM factor warrants three levels akin to those of Keyes, accounting for the specific factors reveals two profiles of languishing: the hedonic languishers characterized by a low level of emotional wellbeing, and the eudaimonic languishers characterized by a low level of psychological wellbeing. Both variable and person-centered approach confirm Keyes’s initial statements (Keyes 2007) that those who are languishing exhibit the highest levels of psychosocial risks while those flourishing display the lowest. A rule-based diagnosis derived from a decision tree method is suggested as an alternative to a level-based taxonomy.

Suicidal ideation and behaviour in patients with persecutory delusions: Prevalence, symptom associations, and psychological correlates

BackgroundTo determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation and behaviour - and their correlates - in patients with persecutory delusions. Methods110 patients with persecutory delusions in the context of non-affective psychosis were assessed for suicidal thoughts and behaviours over the past month. Symptom and psychological assessments were also completed. ResultsThe severity of suicidal ideation was: no suicidal ideation (n = 26, 23.6%); wish to be dead (n = 21, 19.1%); nonspecific active suicidal thoughts (n = 14, 12.7%); suicidal thoughts with methods but no intent (n = 29, 26.4%); suicidal thoughts with intent but no specific plan (n = 13, 11.8%); and suicidal intent with plan (n = 7, 6.4%). In the past month, five patients (4.5%) had made an actual, interrupted, or aborted suicide attempt. The severity of suicidal ideation was associated with higher levels of depression, paranoia, hallucinations, anger, insomnia, negative beliefs about the self and others, pessimism, worry, and delusion safety-seeking behaviours and lower levels of psychological well-being and reward responsiveness. Severity of ideation was not associated with cannabis or alcohol use, working memory, pain, or meaningful activity levels. ConclusionsPatients with persecutory delusions are typically in a severe state of psychological stress, and at risk of suicide, as indicated by very high levels of suicidal ideation. This exploratory study also identifies correlates of suicidal ideation that could be investigated in causal research designs.

Psychological well- being of women workers in a garment factory of South India-A cross sectional study

Background: Working women are constantly facing the problems of role conflict or dual role. Due to role conflict, there are reports of psychological distress, mental tension, anxiety, etc, which affect the psychological well being of working women. Due to outside work, they have psychological problems such as anxiety, stress, burn out, fatigue, etc. This way, the mental health status of working women is neglected and hence, the present study aims to assess the psychological wellbeing of women in an industrial setup. Methods: A cross sectional study was done among women workers of 18 years and above. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. A total of 136 participants completed the study. Results: Present study showed that majority of the workers (67%) had low level of psychological well-being. Conclusion: Women workers have low level of psychological well-being and further studies are needed to understand factors influencing it.

The social contract revisited: a re-examination of the influence individualistic and collectivistic value systems have on the psychological wellbeing of young people

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of psychological health problems experienced by young people living in Western societies is increasing. Evidence suggests the cultural dynamism of individualism may play a role in this, but this evidence is conflicting. Here, we focus on both the concepts of individualism and collectivism, distinguishing between their horizontal and vertical dimensions. We examine the influence of these dimensions on the psychological wellbeing of a sample of 507 Australian emerging adults (aged 18–25). We found that orientations towards vertical (but not horizontal) individualism predicted lower levels of psychological wellbeing, while orientations towards horizontal (but not vertical) collectivism predicted higher psychological wellbeing. These findings add clarity to the way in which key Western social values play an understated role in the increasing prevalence of psychological health problems experienced by young people today. They also provide an understanding of how various traits embedded within these concepts relate to psychological wellbeing.

Зарубежный опыт профилактики и преодоления школьной неуспеваемости у детей, воспитывающихся в семьях с низким социально-экономическим статусом

The article raises the problem of the relation between the educational success of students and social and socio-economic characteristics of their families. Children from socially disadvantaged families exhibit lower levels of psychological well-being and self-efficacy. In the future, this fact might negatively affect self-esteem and career aspirations of the younger generation. On the basis of this interlink the education policy, school implemented specif-ic projects and programs, addressing school failure, are elaborated. Feasibility of implementing this approach in Russian conditions is recognized by national psycho-pedagogical science and practice, so the appropriate tools are being developed and tested. The article examines the phenomenon of academic resilience as an ability of pupils to demonstrate high performance despite external limiting circumstances. The article explores the ways and means of overcoming the school failure: 1) providing additional resources to schools, with high concentration of children from families with low socio-economic status; 2) establishment of counselling centers and professional teams, working with such families; 3) professional development of school teachers; 4) edition of the relevant educational and methodical literature, 5) distribution of programs that support learning; 6) provision of conditions for the students to accumulate positive experience in overcoming learning difficulties, formation of their self-confidence, 7) imple-menting of special programs for slow learners, using digital technology, 8) engagement of learners in extramural activities

Life events, coping styles, and psychological well‐being in children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol

Children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol might experience more life events, in particular negative, than children living with parents who do not harmfully consume alcohol. They also primarily use less adaptive coping styles and often demonstrate lower resilience. No studies evaluated whether coping styles or psychological well-being might influence the risk of life events occurrence in children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol. Forty-five children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol and 45 children living with parents who do not harmfully consume alcohol, matched for sex and age, were assessed via the Appendix Life Events of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent, the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, and the Psychological Well-Being scales. Children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol had more life events in the 6-month period before the assessment, mostly negative and neutral, and lower levels of psychological well-being than children living with parents who do not harmfully consume alcohol. The risk of having experienced at least one negative or neutral life event was higher in children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol than in their peers and in those with lower psychological well-being. The risk of having had a positive life event was not related to parents' consumption of alcohol but to avoidant coping and low self-acceptance behaviours. Children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol need interventions aimed at improving psychological well-being to protect them from life events, especially from negative ones.

Psychological Health and Social Support in Patients with HIV/AIDS in South-East Iran During Year 2016

Background: Empirical studies show social and psychological supports are pivotal for maintaining physical, psychological, and social health in patients living with HIV/AIDS. Objectives: The present study aimed at evaluating social and psychological support and the relationship between these two factors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving services form health centers of Zahedan province, south eastern Iran. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted. HIV/AIDS patients, who received services from health care facilities of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences were recruited in the study. Psychological well-being and social support were assessed using the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being and medical outcomes study Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS) questionnaires, respectively. Multivariable linear regression analysis using backward stepwise method was conducted to determine factors related to psychological health and social support. Results: A total 110 patients aged over 16 years old (83 males) were included in the study. Unsafe injecting drug use was the major HIV transmission route (59.1%). Mean psychological health score was significantly higher in males compared to females (P = 0.048). Also, a gender difference was observed for mean social support score, although it was non-significant. The regression analysis showed that females versus males and AIDS patients versus HIV infected patients had lower score of psychological well-being, moreover, social support positively and independently related to the score of psychological well-being (β = -0.505; 95% confidence interval: 0.360 to 0.649). Conclusions: The findings suggest that female patients, those living in the AIDS stage, and those with poor social support are more vulnerable to having lower level of psychological well-being. Harm reduction programs should be reinforced in such groups.

Chosen aspects of current psychological condition in relation to coping strategies of nurses in Slovakia

Aim: To analyze chosen aspects of the current psychological state of Slovak nurses, and their relation to preferred strategies for workload management. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The research sample consisted of 240 nurses. Miksik's SUPSO questionnaire was used in order to record and evaluate the structure and dynamics of subjective experiences and conditions. Stress management strategies were identified through Tobin's Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) questionnaire, and the frequency of the experience of individual emotions through the SEHP Emotional Subjective Habitual Wellbeing questionnaire. The relationships between the variables were subjected to the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: Nurses reported lower levels of psychological wellbeing and activity than the population average, as opposed to asthenic experience of stress and uncertainty. Regarding preference of coping strategies in the context of work, nurses mainly use problem solving, social support, and cognitive restructuring. Regarding the mutual relationship of current psychological state and preferences in coping strategies, there were significant positive relationships between a positively-attuned psychological state and an inclination toward problem-oriented strategies, and, in terms of negative experiences, with divergent strategies. Conclusion: Recognizing the relationship between nurses' current psychological state and preferences in terms of coping strategies allows the application of adequate preventive programs, thereby improving the physical wellbeing of nurses and their ability to cope with the demands of the profession, with potentially positive outcomes in specific nursing activities.

Economic Insecurity And Psychological Distress Among Indigenous Canadians

Indigenous Canadians, consisting of First Nations, Inuit and Métis, continue to live a lower quality of life than the rest of Canadians, as evidenced by persistent health disparities. They tend to suffer greater rates of psychological distress than non-Indigenous Canadians. Such disparities in prevalence of psychological distress, which are often associated with depression and suicide, is a dire issue in many countries with Indigenous populations, including Australia and the U.S. The objective of this research is to inform policy by examining factors expected to be related to the psychological health of Canada's Indigenous population focusing on the significance of economic insecurity. The association between economic insecurity and psychological wellbeing among Canada's Indigenous population is examined to determine the magnitude of the impact of economic insecurity relative to other factors. The measures of economic insecurity include employment status, degree of food insecurity and condition of housing. An IV ordered probit model is estimated using data from the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey where psychological wellbeing is assessed with the ten-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10).The K-10 distress scores, ranging from zero to 40 in the dataset, are re-grouped into 5 ordinal categories. The empirical results provide support for the hypothesis that economic insecurity plays a significant and relatively sizable role in explaining the determinants of psychological wellbeing of Canada's Indigenous peoples. They further imply that Indigenous Canadians with greater levels of economic insecurity are more likely to suffer from lower levels of psychological wellbeing with food insecurity having the largest impact followed by housing quality and employment status. Other variables, such as age, gender, marital status, children and location of residence, also significantly impact the psychological wellbeing of Indigenous Canadians. The results suggest that policy for psychological wellbeing needs to address basic physiological needs first before working toward higher level needs associated with self-esteem and self-actualization. The main policy recommendation is for government to prioritize their goals with a focus on allocating a sufficient amount of resources to make a difference.

“Are you sure?”: Relations between sexual identity, certainty, disclosure, and psychological well-being

ABSTRACTLesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) individuals have repeatedly demonstrated lower levels of psychological well-being than their heterosexual counterparts. The literature suggests that bisexually identified participants are more vulnerable to poor outcomes, yet some studies have called this statement into question. This study aimed to address this inconsistency, and investigate how factors related to cognitive dissonance, such as identity disclosure and certainty, influence well-being in the LGBQ subgroups. We used web-based sampling, and distributed an online questionnaire assessing identity disclosure, certainty, and three variables of psychological well-being (affect, happiness, and life satisfaction). This survey was predominantly advertised in and completed by people in New Zealand. Participants who were over 18 and had the technological skills and English proficiency to complete the survey were eligible for this study, resulting in a final sample of 402. Consistent with past research, participants with LGBQ identities had lower rates of psychological well-being than those identifying as heterosexual. Additionally, as expected, identity certainty and disclosure of identity were associated with higher psychological well-being. Cognitive dissonance theory may be a useful contributor to the Minority Stress Theory framework, as it expands our understanding of how internal stressors affect the complex relationship between sexual identity and well-being. Further investigation into sexual identity (particularly the development of certainty, and the “coming out” decision) and psychological well-being is recommended for future research.