Low Level Of Cooperation Research Articles

Analysis of the Current Situation of Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation and Suggestions for Countermeasures

Taking Huizhou City as an example, this study discusses in depth the status quo, existing problems and improvement countermeasures of scientific and technological achievements transformation. This study adopts the literature research method and comparative analysis method, combines the official data and literature released by Huizhou Municipal Government, based on the importance of transformation of scientific and technological achievements to the high-quality development of the economy, analyses the role of transformation of scientific and technological achievements in Huizhou City on the enhancement of the economic development and the regional innovation capacity, identifies and solves the key problems in the process of transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and puts forward optimization countermeasures. The results of the study show that although Huizhou City has made progress in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, there are still problems such as insufficient long-term cooperation mechanisms and low levels of cooperation. The conclusion points out that Huizhou needs to establish a long-term cooperation mechanism, upgrade the level of cooperation, strengthen the participation of local universities and research institutes, and improve the service system for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in order to promote the effective transformation and industrialisation of scientific and technological achievements.

Human Resource Management Practices in Agricultural Development; the Role of Leadership, Motivation and Work Engagement

Development is the government's performance goal. Experts agree that agricultural development is the key to a nation's progress. At the same time, development must be supported by human resource capabilities. This research investigates human resource management practices in certain agricultural development activities. Two main objectives will be presented in this research. The first is an analysis to present new facts regarding HRM practices in the agricultural sector, including topics that are the focus of expert discussion on HRM variables such as leadership, motivation, and work engagement in reflecting performance. Second, presenting facts regarding management aspects of several variables discussed in management practice, namely the role of leadership, motivation, and work engagement on performance. This research uses a systematic review of 29 journals on HRM in agricultural development and 36 journals on the performance of non-agricultural organizations. There are several techniques used to get these numbers; (1) Journals are limited to topics that match the research topic with the search keyword "human resource management practices in the agricultural sector"; (2) To meet data quality, the journal prioritizes indexed and reputable publications (Scopus); and (3) Limiting the publication year to 2014-2024. Specifically search for journals related to HRM practices with the keywords "work engagement, leadership, and work motivation on performance". The results of the analysis then produce major themes which are then reconstructed into a road map for further research, as well as representing the scientific contribution (novelty) of the research. The results of the analysis show that human resource management practices in the agricultural sector are focused on ten topics that are widely discussed, namely: HR Management in General; Sustainable Agriculture; Empowerment and Welfare; Agro-industry; Department/Personnel; Digital Agriculture; Agribusiness; food security; Entrepreneurship; and Farm. The resulting theoretical implication is that HRM practices are starting to shift to practical development fields such as agriculture. HRM can answer several management problems in companies and the agricultural industry, such as leadership behavior and work engagement. To contribute to knowledge, the work involvement variable is a control variable in reflecting the relationship between leadership and performance; and performance motivation. For originality, the object of study can be a case in the agricultural sector. The practical implication is that the government and agricultural business actors must jointly look at problems at the worker level to increase productivity. Several behaviors hinder progress in the agricultural sector, such as low motivation and low levels of cooperation (which causes low work engagement). These things then need to be improved in the future so that organizations and companies become more productive.

CURRENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR

In the current territory conditions of urbanization, development, and intense urbanization, a series of problems arise related to implementing and realizing effective policies amid constant internal and external changes. This necessitates the identification of problems in the economic development of urbanized territories in Ukraine. The issue was exacerbated by the Russo-Ukrainian War, which posed direct risks and threats to the country's national security. Through the analysis of the current state of economic development in urbanized territories, it identified that the following problems hinder economic development: disparities in the development of urbanized environments, a low level of cooperation between regions, outdated approaches to urban planning leading to urban sprawl and chaotic construction, unbalanced housing policies, and urban infrastructure that does not meet modern requirements. The military; aggression from the Russian Federation has led to the decline of economic development in urbanized territories, resulting in a high level of external and internal migration, increased unemployment, and overall deterioration of the country's economic growth. Effective development programs at national and regional levels address urbanized territory development problems. These programs should focus on reconstructing territories, infrastructure, and industry, creating a comfortable and safe environment, providing new job opportunities, reducing unemployment, and promoting overall economic growth.. Keywords: urbanized territories, Russian-Ukrainian War, social problems of territory development, economic problems of territory development, national security.

The role of ICTs for knowledge sharing in franchising networks

PurposeDespite the significance of knowledge sharing for competitive advantage in networked businesses like franchising systems, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the strategic value of knowledge sharing in the context of franchising. In particular, the specific contribution of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in facilitating interorganizational knowledge exchange among franchising members remains inadequately understood, particularly in emerging economies. Therefore, this study aims to explore the mechanisms involved in the knowledge-sharing process facilitated by a virtual learning environment (VLE) within franchising networks and examine the role of VLEs in facilitating knowledge.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a multiple-case study approach involving 24 franchisees and the franchisor within a Brazilian franchising network operating in the furniture market to examine the role played by a VLE.FindingsThe results of the study reveal that the introduction of a VLE has played a significant role in fostering enhancements in the knowledge-sharing process among the franchisor and franchisees in the network. Moreover, the results indicate that VLEs play a significant role in overcoming geographical obstacles, thereby enabling efficient knowledge sharing between franchisees and franchisors operating in extensive territorial contexts. Finally, findings indicate that intracommercial competition acts as a prominent barrier, leading to low levels of cooperation and knowledge-sharing intent among franchisees within the network.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing knowledge by enhancing the understanding of how ICTs can facilitate knowledge sharing in organizations operating within franchising systems. Furthermore, this paper advances the comprehension of the role of networking franchising configuration and governance in supporting organizational improvements. Additional actionable insights are provided.

The Practical Dilemma and Relief Countermeasures of The New Country Sages Participating in Rural Governance

Rural governance is crucial in the strategy of rural revitalization. While significant progress has been made, challenges persist. Diversified stakeholders pose a key factor affecting effective governance. The emergence of the new country sages group offers a valuable solution to address rural governance difficulties. This study examines their participation in rural governance, aiming to attract their engagement based on local conditions. Research was conducted in rural Sichuan province, utilizing literature review, interviews, and snowball sampling to gather 77 valid data points. Findings indicate that new country sages have diverse backgrounds and a strong willingness to participate, contributing to rural self-governance, rule of law, and virtue. However, their impact is limited in most areas, encountering challenges such as weak interaction with the government, uneven quality of new villagers, and low levels of cooperation. To overcome these obstacles, this study suggests countermeasures including system construction, rural civilization development, and improved supervision and management mechanisms.

ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL OF HUMAN RESOURCES OF UKRAINE

Introduction. The development of the intellectual potential of human resources of Ukraine at the current stage as an important factor that allows an effective use of national resources and ensures the prosperity of the country in general have been studied. Goal. To research on development of the intellectual potential of human resources of Ukraine. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been formulated: to investigate the essence of development of the intellectual potential of human resources; analyze and evaluate the current state of the intellectual potential of human resources in Ukraine; formulate the key aspects of development of the intellectual potential of the country’s human resources. Research methods. Methods of statistical, systematic, structural analysis and generalization were used. The results. The essence and significance of development of the intellectual potential of human resources have been studied, the state of the intellectual potential of human resources in Ukraine has been analyzed and assessed, and a study of the scientific and innovative capacity of the Ukrainian economy has been carried out according to the indicators of world ratings. The results of our research showed the scientific and innovative industries, which are important elements of the future of the national economy, are currently experiencing difficult times in Ukraine due to lack of funding, loss of talented people, high risks, lack of public attention etc. Other factors influence this sphere, the most serious of which is Russia's military aggression against Ukraine. The position of Ukraine in the international ranking of innovative development indicates the presence of a high level of scientific and educational potential, which is the basis of the competitiveness of the scientific and innovative spheres of Ukraine and is the basis for development and innovation, new equipment and technologies. However, according to the results of our assessment of the scientific and innovative potential of Ukraine, a number of problems were identified: the presence of ineffective and weak mechanisms for implementation and further commercialization of innovations in the field of economic activity; insufficient level of support and financing of innovative projects; low level of cooperation between innovative companies and scientific institutions. The results of assessment of the scientific and innovative potential of Ukraine indicate the need to develop and implement a unified and coordinated scientific, technological and innovative policy. It indicates the need for serious steps towards the necessary structural changes in the economy and science, technological modernization of production and promotion of innovations in business. The key aspects of development of the intellectual potential of the country’s human resources are formulated. Conclusions. The main provisions of the scientific article will contribute to the effective development of the intellectual potential of Ukraine's human resources.

Изучение барьеров на пути к экономике замкнутого цикла (малые и средние предприятия)

Relevance. The pursuit of sustainable development against the backdrop of increasing demands for resources in an environment of scarcity, as well as growing social and environmental problems, reflect the importance of finding solutions to maintain economic growth, with due attention to the solution of the forenamed social and environmental problems, while reducing the demand for primary resources. A circular economy model that focuses on minimizing waste and consumption of primary resources, extending the useful life of products, provides solutions to these problems and contributes to the achievement of sustainable development goals. In practice, this model is not widely used, due, between other reasons, to barriers preventing the transition from a linear model of the economy to a circular one. And although regions, industries and enterprises may face various barriers in the implementation of circular solutions, it is possible to identify potential barriers that are typical for most. The purpose of the work is to identify and classify the barriers to the transition to a circular economy (with an emphasis on small and medium-sized enterprises), which can serve as the basis for the subsequent development of a roadmap for the transition to a circular economy and overcoming such. Target groups. The results of the study can resonate with academia, policy makers and business leaders to achieve a systemic, inclusive and competitive circular economy; serve as a basis for developing a roadmap for the transition to a circular economy at different levels, developing ways to overcome barriers that impede this transition. Materials and methods. The study is based on data obtained from the analysis of publications of Russian and foreign scholars on this topic. To achieve the stated goal, general scientific methods of cognition used in economic science, in particular, methods of comparative and logical analysis, were used. Results. The main features of the circular economy are considered; describes the main points related to the development of a methodology for introducing a circular economy at the enterprise level; analyzed and classified the barriers faced by enterprises in the transition to a circular economy model; the importance of a structural and systematic approach was emphasized for the effective transition from a linear model of the economy to a circular economy with the involvement of stakeholders and consumers. Conclusions. The circular economy model provides opportunities for sustainable economic growth, reduces waste and the use of primary resources, provides consumers with innovative and durable products, and contributes to solving social and environmental problems. At the same time, existing barriers (financial, institutional, legislative, infrastructural, environmental, cultural, supply chain issues and low levels of cooperation) make it difficult to move towards a circular economy. It seems important to study such barriers in order to develop ways to overcome them and transform them into potential drivers of planned changes.

The Effects of Affective Trust and Suspicion in New Product Development Projects

Relationships between functional specialists working on NPD projects can lack trust, resulting in poor communication, low levels of co-operation, and, in the extreme, the political sabotage of projects. We empirically test a hypothesized model of managerial perceptions of motives and intentions, negative project politics, and affect-based trust, as well as their effect on dysfunctional conflict and defensive behaviors, with their subsequent effect on collaboration and NPD project success. Data were from 184 projects from the technically trained manager perspective, and 145 projects were from the marketing manager perspective. We find that, despite all of the NPD process improvement and use of integration methods, NPD managerial level interactions are still fundamentally relationally-based, where the strongest effects on cross-functional managerial behavior are from perceptions of negative motives, leading to defensive behaviors and politics interfering with collaboration and NPD success. On a positive note, while evident affect-based trust leads to collaboration and NPD success, it is far more important for technically trained managers. The implications for top management lie in structuring organizational processes that are trust-rich, in order to avoid the opportunity for distrust and suspicion to arise.

ІННОВАЦІЙНО-ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІ ПІДХОДИ В ПІДГОТОВЦІ КАДРІВ ДЛЯ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ІНДУСТРІЇ

The main tasks of information and communication technologies of education are defined in the article, the directions of their introduction in professional training of future managers of tourism are considered: studying of hardware and software of tourist office; formation of skills in automating the work of a travel agency; study of methods and strategies of advertising, the formation of skills in the organization of tourism business on the Internet; study of methods of working with information retrieval systems. More than 80 higher educational institutions of Ukraine and even more professional institutions of lower level of accreditation train tourism specialists. This, of course, contributes to the development of the tourism industry, but the low level of cooperation between vocational tourism education institutions and enterprises does not allow for the development of high quality not only theoretical but also practical aspects of education. Lack of practical skills hinders the development of the tourism sector, as companies need to train employees in the workplace, losing not only time but also money. In turn, higher education institutions are interested in making their graduates competitive in the labor market, as this is an indicator of the quality of training of a particular institution and a good basis for future cooperation between the employer and the educational institution.Innovative pedagogical activity is associated with the rejection of well-known stereotypes in the teaching, education and development of the student's personality, creates new standards of personal and creative, individually oriented activities of the teacher, develops pedagogical technologies implemented in this activity. This is especially important today, when an important priority of public policy in the labor market is to optimize the training of the population with an emphasis not on assessing the learning process, but as a result, not on the duration of training, but on its quality. Key words: innovative technologies, educational technologies, professional competence, professional training, communication technologies.

Interaction with City Logistics Stakeholders as a Factor of the Development of Polish Cities on the Way to Becoming Smart Cities

The growing population of cities means that they face many new challenges in improving their economic, social and environmental efficiency. These themes are relevant to the increasingly popular worldwide concept of smart cities. A smart city is a city that is friendly to people and the environment, in which people live better, safer, and healthier. From the point of view of management sciences, they are a result of creative development and the implementation of various solutions that should involve various stakeholders. The quality of life of city residents is largely influenced by logistics solutions, including the movement of both people and cargo in the city. This issue is directly relevant to the aim of this article, which is to try to determine the degree of cooperation between the city and city logistics stakeholders in the context of identifying gaps in the inclusion of logistics areas in the strategies of Polish cities. Both the role of stakeholders in actively shaping city strategies and the inclusion of logistics aspects in strategies are areas discussed in recent years in the literature in the context of smart cities. Our approach combines these two areas by pointing to their importance in the development of cities towards smart cities. In our stakeholder research, we focus on city logistics stakeholders, as the identified gaps in strategies relate only to logistics aspects. We conduct our research in Polish cities. In assessing the cooperation of Polish cities with their stakeholders and identifying gaps in the inclusion of logistic aspects in the strategies, we used an original questionnaire that allowed us to survey 280 Polish cities. To analyse the stakeholders we used statistics. To analyse the questionnaires, we used descriptive statistics, while gaps were identified by relating the results to the developed template. Both the problem of gaps and the problem of stakeholders were also considered on a voivodeship scale. The research results indicated a low level of cooperation between local authorities and key city logistics stakeholders. Moreover, logistic aspects were found to be insufficiently included in the city strategies of Polish cities (a high level of gaps was identified for most of the examined areas). This indicates the low awareness of local authorities regarding the shaping of cities’ logistics systems and a lack of activity in this area. The results provide city managers with information on how to develop cooperation with stakeholders and which logistic areas to include in the formulated strategies. Undertaking these actions is a condition for the development of Polish cities towards the “smart city” concept.

Photoplethysmographic biometrics: A comprehensive survey

• The first literature review on PPG-based biometric recognition approaches. • The paper describes application scenarios and acquisition techniques. • The paper presents a classification of state-of-the-art methods. • The paper summarizes the performance of state-of-the-art methods. • The paper describes open research problems. The wide diffusion of wearable sensors and mobile devices encouraged the study of biometric recognition techniques that require a low level of cooperation from users. Among them, the analysis of cardiac information extracted from plethysmographic (PPG) signals is attracting the research community due to the possibility of performing continuous authentications using low-cost devices that can acquire signals without any action required from the users. Although PPG-based biometric systems are relatively recent technologies, machine learning techniques and deep learning strategies have shown accuracy in heterogeneous application scenarios. This paper presents the first literature review of PPG-based biometric recognition approaches. First, we describe the application contexts suitable for PPG-based biometrics. Second, we analyze the systems in the literature, describe the acquisition sensors, and present a classification of the processing methods. Third, we summarize the available public datasets and the results achieved by recent state-of-the-art approaches. Finally, we analyze the open problems in this research field.

Tourism Competitiveness Evaluation: Evidence From Mountain Tourism in China.

The evaluation of tourism competitiveness is an important tool for analyzing the potential of tourism in a specific context. Enshi Autonomous Prefecture (EAP) in China is selected as a case through which to explore the potential of mountain tourism and its competitiveness in the tourism industry. This study develops EAP’s mountain tourism competitiveness model focusing on three criteria: core competitiveness of mountain tourism, the economic environment’s competitiveness, and infrastructure competitiveness. Context-specific customized evaluation index has been applied to data collected from EAP Statistical Yearbook for 2005–2014. The study reveals that the value of EAP’s mountain tourism core competitiveness, economic and environmental competitiveness, and infrastructure competitiveness are 84.292, 13.4, and 2.308%, respectively. When tourism core competitiveness is increased by one unit, EAP’s mountain tourism competitiveness will increase by 0.84292 units. Similarly, when economic environment competitiveness is increased by one unit, EAP’s mountain tourism competitiveness will increase by 0.134 units. EAP’s mountain tourism competitiveness increases by 0.02308 units when infrastructure competitiveness increases by one unit. The major reasons for low levels of competitiveness were lack of awareness of the county authority, a low level of cooperation, and weak infrastructure. The recommendations from the study’s findings are as follows. Firstly, the county authority should appropriately improve the relationship between competition and cooperation, maintaining cooperation in competition, and competition in cooperation. Secondly, the county authority should strengthen communication by establishing an effective coordinated mechanism. Thirdly, the county authority should improve the sense of cooperation and jointly develop the mountain tourism market. Fourthly, the county authority should improve the construction of tourism infrastructure and break down the barriers to tourism cooperation. The study’s findings help develop a “win-win” cooperation mechanism within the competition and support the sustainable development of the mountain tourism industry while reducing poverty and promoting the revitalization of the mountains of China.

New Data on Population Migration in Russia: a Challenge for Researchers?

The development of population migration studies in Russia’s social geography in 2010–2021 is analyzed. Publications on this topic in leading geographical journals are studied. The possibilities of studying Russia’s internal population migration using new data are considered. Dissertations defended in Russia in the specialty “Economic, Social, Political, and Recreational Geography” are summarized. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the period under review is characterized by an increased number and broadening of population migration research topics. After 2010, Russian geographers have intensified their study of migration in foreign countries. Among the new areas compared to the early 2000s, one can cite analysis of the settlement pattern of migrants at the intracity level based on cases, studies of foreign countries. New directions in the study of Russian migration are related to specification of the migration information base at the municipal level. The appearance of fundamentally new data—mobile network operators—makes it possible to study the time cycles of the population’s spatial mobility. Social network (e.g., VKontakte) data is used to analyze educational migration. The main problems are related to the formulation of research questions, the depth and complexity of study of the migration process, and the low popularity of the methods and approaches of other social sciences among geographers. Analysis of the publication activity of authors showed a rather low level of cooperation between Russian researchers and their foreign colleagues, as well as the virtual absence of scientific cooperation between geographers from different Russian regions in migration stud-ies.

В. В. Лісіца, О. М. Михайленко, І. В. Юрко ЕКОСИСТЕМНИЙ ПІДХІД ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ РОЗВИТКУ ТА ПІДТРИМКИ КРЕАТИВНИХ ІНДУСТРІЙ НА РЕГІОНАЛЬНОМУ РІВНІ

The purpose of this article is to study the essence of the ecosystem approach in the development of creative industries at the regional level, analyze the constituent elements of the creative ecosystem, substantiate the directions for growth and support of creative industries as a component of the regional creative ecosystem. Methodology of research. The solution of the tasks set in the article is carried out with the help of the following general scientific and special research methods: analysis and synthesis, systematization, comparison and generalisation and dialectical approach. Findings. The carried out analysis made it possible to determine peculiarities of the application of the ecosystem approach as a tool for the development and support of creative industries at the regional level in modern conditions. We also identified and substantiated trends and peculiarities of the development of creative industries in Ukraine in modern conditions, amongst which we highlighted the following particularities: strengthening the institutional capacity of creative industries, the growth of the economic potential of this sector, demonstrating high creative potential and active involvement in global cultural trends, low level of cooperation between various sectors of creative industries; weak interaction of creative industries with authorities, businesses and other partners. It is determined that the ecosystem approach describes successful entrepreneurship as a process resulting from the interaction between entrepreneurs and the environment, as well as dynamic local social, institutional and cultural processes of the participants that encourage and facilitate the formation and growth of new firms. In the course of the study, the attributes and characteristics of entrepreneurial and creative ecosystems were encountered, attention was focused on the main points related to the application of the ecosystem approach to the development of creative industries at the regional level. Strategic directions for the formation of creative ecosystems at the regional level are offered. Practical value. The proposed recommendations are aimed at identifying new growth opportunities for the creative industry sector based on an ecosystem approach at the regional level.

Cooperation of enterprises in innovative activities on the example of Polish regions

Research background: Cooperation is an indispensable element of innovation activities of enterprises. Undertakings in innovation, by nature, require not only significant expenditures or creative human capital, but also cooperation with other enterprises, scientific institutions, and the business environment. Cooperating companies have a greater chance to compete in the international arena while building the innovative potential of the regional environment. Stimulating the permanent cooperation of enterprises operating in the region, in its various forms, is a key challenge for central government authorities, local government authorities, and other actors in social and economic life. The existing literature on the cooperation of enterprises focuses on the motives of cooperation and their effects, but to a lesser extent on the spatial similarity of these processes, i.e. in individual regions of the country.
 Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to diagnose and evaluate regional differences in the level of cooperation between companies conducting innovation activities in Poland. The study used data on innovation activities published by Statistics Poland and data on enterprises participating in cluster cooperation published by the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development.
 Methods: The cluster analysis was used, allowing to identify voivodeships that are similar to each other in terms of the analyzed phenomenon. The spatial classification of voivodeships was performed using the Ward method, which is classified as hierarchical and is often used to group objects. The result is a hierarchical tree that groups the regions in increasingly larger clusters.
 Findings & value added: The results indicate a low level of cooperation and the existence of significant differences in the cooperation of enterprises as part of innovation activities in Polish regions. The low level of cooperation between companies in individual regions corresponds to the number of marketed innovations. There are similarities between some regions in terms of cooperation on innovation activities. The results of the analysis may provide an indication for national and European Union economic policy entities in the field of creating instruments to support the cooperation of companies on innovation activities.

Researchers' perspective on the main strengths and weaknesses of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures

Core characteristics of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures along with the quality of implementation vary from country to country and sometimes from project to project. However, several issues obstructing EIA's proper implementation are common, such as: national or regional EIA specific regulations, low quality of assessment reports, insufficient equipment and trained staff, inadequate institutional framework, lack of public participation, and low levels of cooperation between policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders. The gap between EIA research and practice is often highlighted in the scientific literature and technical reports; however, data is often limited to particular cases. This paper explores researchers' perspectives on the main strengths and weaknesses of EIA so we may advance recommendations to improve the quality and effectiveness of EIA procedures for more sustainable outcomes. We applied an online survey on EIA strengths and weaknesses to researchers that published at least one paper related to EIA in the last ten years. We use different statistical analyses, network analysis and co-occurrence analysis to investigate the 103 responses received from researchers in the field. Our findings capture researchers' perspectives and could help to change our current traditional approaches. Our results could also help us rethink the EIA collaborative process leading it toward more sustainable holistic planning by learning from past experiences, best practices, and expert opinion. We highlight important EIA researchers' recommendations for improving EIA procedures and the relationship between EIA and the scientific field, and implicitly for improving the quality of the environment and for developing a better EIA strategy.

ВУЗОВСКАЯ НАУКА В БАШКИРИИ В 1960-1980-Е ГГ.

The article deals with the development of science in higher educational institutions of Bashkiria in the 1960- 1980s, also the problem of the growth of the number of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel. The paper shows the dynamics of creating of research sections (departments), research industrial branch and problem laboratories, research production units in the universities of the republic. Thus, the first research laboratory in the higher educational institutions of the republic appeared in 1960, and the first research sections (departments) in 1963. The paper shows that in institutional terms, research activities were particularly intensively developed in the Ufa Oil and Aviation Institutes, the Bashkir State University. For some time, from 1963 to 1967, the former research institutes of the Bashkir branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences were part of the BSU; namely the Institute of Organic Chemistry and the Institute of Biology. However, the most rapid emergence of research laboratories in most universities of the republic dates back only to the 1980s, when they were established in the Bashkir State University, Medical and Agricultural Institutes. The article describes peculiarities of the formation of scientific trends and schools in various higher education institutions of the region. Thus, in the Bashkir Agricultural Institute, scientific research was closely related to agricultural production, in the Medical Institute - with medical and preventive practice in the republic. The Ufa Aviation and Petroleum Institutes, partly the University, served the production interests of large industrial enterprises. The article reveals that during the period under review, there occurred a certain integration of college science with academic and branch science, production, also increase the volume of contractual self accounting work took place The problem publication the results of scientific research remained acute during the study period. The issue of the implementing of the results of scientific activity in to production is touched upon. A number of difficulties in the development of science in higher educational institutions of the republic are identified in the article: the weakness of the experimental and production base, its inefficient use, the increase in the time of implementation of developments in to production, the low level of cooperation and coordination of scientific activities.

Examining interrelationships of barriers in the evolution of maritime port smartification from a systematic perspective

The smartification of maritime ports is assumed to improve operational efficiency, which results in a reduction of port costs and harmful emissions. This study seeks to estimate the interrelationships among barriers in the evolution of maritime port smartification (MPS) using the case of China. The research framework exhibits fifteen barriers selected from the previous literature and experts’ inputs. The causal relationships among the identified barriers were examined by using an integration of grey theory and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method (DEMATEL). The barriers were divided into a causal group with eight barriers and an effect group with seven barriers. Further analysis of the results leads to the identification of nine key barriers such as unfavorable policies of investing and financing, low level of cooperation between port business and government functions, shortage of talents in smart ports. Insufficient government support in R&D is the most influential causal barrier, and undeveloped awareness of the benefits of new technologies has the most association with other barriers. The findings encourage more detailed investigations on the barriers and help policy-makers formulate strategies to accelerate the evolution of MPS.

Reflections on legal deficiences and discordances affecting mutual legal assistance in criminal asset recovery

Most of the legal impediments that appears in front of the criminal assets recovery at the international level are the requirements for mutual legal assistance (MLA); excessive banking secrecy; lack of procedures for non-conviction-based confiscation; and excessively difficult procedural and evidentiary laws. Removing legal impediments is obviously essential. Absent a clear and sound legal framework, asset recovery becomes, in a best-case scenario, arduous and, in a worst-case scenario, impossible. Thus, the analysis of the reports of the practitioners in the field at international level, can offer us solutions, which will raise the state to another level. The long process of asset recovery and the low level of cooperation is the best evidence of the shortcomings that stagnate the process of recovering criminal assets.

Evolutionary game on a growing multilayer network

Numerous complex systems display the multilayer feature rather than the single or isolated one. It is thus significant to study how these structures emerge and the mechanisms behind them. In this paper we propose a novel growing model to explain the formation of multilayer networks, where the network growth and strategy evolution in prisoner’s dilemma game interact and coevolve. We introduce the growing rate to control the ratio of strategy evolution to network growth, and the coupling strength to adjust the connecting density between layers. The simulation results show that besides the scale-free property observed in the resulting networks, the coupling strength is significant to cooperative behaviors. Under the weak coupling strength, the role of network reciprocity works and the resulting networks can preserve a relatively high cooperation level; however, with the increase of coupling strength, the role of network reciprocity fades away or disappears. The strong coupling strength, denoting individuals can obtain more extra payoff from their external circumstance, induces a low cooperation level. In addition, the growing rate also influences cooperative behaviors and a fast growing rate is beneficial to cooperation.