Lower Levels Of Burnout Research Articles

REGULASI DIRI, PEER SUPPORT, DAN BURNOUT PADA MAHASISWA DIFABEL

Digital-based learning problem, particularly during COVID-19 pandemic, has given both serious obstacles and risks to the student with disability. Under a rather limited self-sustaining capacity, often it inhibits each learning dynamic that are being held. This challenge will certainly affect the mental and physical health of the students. Hence, the effort requires adequate self-provision and environmental roles to facilitate the student with disability to surpass the obstacles. Therefore, this study aims to understand the correlation between self-regulation and peer support to burnout in undergraduate student with disability. This study uses quantitative design with multiple correlation approach. The research participants were 41 students selected using snowball sampling technique. The measurement scale consists of self-regulation scale, peer support scale, and burnout scale. The result of the study shows that there is a similar correlation between self-regulation, peer support and burnout. Each independent variables has significant negative relationship with the student's burnout. Low levels of burnout illustrate how students with disabilities are able to improve their self-regulation skills and able to seek and acquire appropriate support from college friends, to address any difficulties in the educational process.

Burnout and Associated Factors among Hospital-Based Nurses in Northern Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background Burnout is a public health problem that disproportionately affects nurses in sub-Saharan Africa because of the weak health systems that create an unconducive workplace environment. In Uganda, there is limited evidence on the burden of burnout among nurses in a manner that undermine advocacy and policy formulation. We aimed to assess the level of burnout and associated factors among nurses in northern Uganda. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey conducted among 375 randomly selected nurses from health facilities in northern Uganda. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and logistic regression at a 95% level of significance in SPSS version 25. Results Majority of the respondents were female 56.5% (n = 223). Nearly half, 49.1% (n = 194) of respondents had high levels of burnout, 36.2% (n = 143) reported average levels of burnout, and 14.7% (n = 58) reported low levels of burnout. Factors associated with burnout were age (AOR: 2.90; 95% CI: 1.28-6.58; p = 0.011), social support (AOR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.22-0.94; p = 0.033), healthy eating (AOR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.02-0.22; p < 0.001), workload (AOR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.14-0.68; p = 0.004), and management responsibilities (AOR: 3.07; 95% CI: 1.54-6.12; p = 0.001). Conclusion Half of the nurses in northern Uganda experienced high levels of burnout. The Ministry of Health should consider recruiting more nurses to reduce workload and adjust working hours to prevent workplace-related burnout among nurses in the country.

Feminist Supervision in Higher Education as a Protective Factor for Indirect Trauma

The empathic demands facing student affairs practitioners can cause significant emotional distress that some may experience as trauma. Supervision may mitigate this distress, but student affairs supervisors are often ineffective. This pilot study was conducted by scholar–practitioners who explored the connections between feminist praxis in supervision, professional quality of life, and indirect trauma in higher education contexts using critical quantitative methodology. Findings indicated that feminist supervision is significantly associated with lower levels of burnout and that a workshop intervention was successful in increasing student affairs supervisors' use of feminist supervisory behaviors. Because student affairs supervision literature rarely accounts for the impact of identity and individuals from minoritized groups experience a greater burden from indirect trauma, this study has important implications for advancing justice and equity in higher education practice.

Polish medical students facing the pandemic-Assessment of resilience, well-being and burnout in the COVID-19 era.

Recent reports indicate that COVID-19 pandemic has significant influence on medical professionals' mental health. Strict limitations in clinical practice and social interactions within academic community, which had to be introduced, could lead to significant psychological distress in medical students. The aim of the study was to assess resilience, well-being and burnout among Polish medical students in the COVID-19 era. The online survey consisting of validated questionnaires assessing resilience (Resilience Scale 14; RS-14), well-being (Medical Student Well-Being Index) and burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory) as well as self-created survey concerning mental health problems, use of stimulants, SARS-CoV-2 infection, work in COVID-19 units, medical education and social attitude towards health care professionals in the pandemic era was distributed via Facebook and other online students' platforms. 1858 MSs from all polish medical schools agreed to fill in the survey. 'Very low', 'low' and 'on the low end' levels of resilience were found in 26%, 19.1% and 26.9% of the study group, respectively. Students with higher resilience level presented better attitude towards online and hybrid classes. 16.8% of respondents stated that they worked, currently work or plan to work voluntarily at the pandemic frontline. In terms of burnout, these respondents presented lower exhaustion (p = 0.003) and cynicism (p = 0.02), and higher academic efficacy (p = 0.002). That group also showed greater resilience (p = 0.046). The SARS-CoV-2 infection among respondents, their relatives and friends did not influence the results. 39.1% of respondents declared the need of the psychological or psychiatric consultation in relation to pandemic challenges. 231 (26.4%) participants previously diagnosed with mental health disorders noticed worsening of their symptoms. Increased intake of alcohol, cigarettes or other stimulants was noticed by 340 (28.6%) respondents. 80.2% of respondents thought that social aversion and mistrust towards doctors increased during the pandemic and part of them claimed it affected their enthusiasm toward medical career. The majority of medical students presented low levels of resilience and high burnout at the time of pandemic. Providing necessary support especially in terms of mental health and building up the resilience of this vulnerable group seems crucial to minimize harm of current pandemic and similar future challenges.

Unprecedented Training: Experience of Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Unprecedented Training: Experience of Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic

PREVALENCE OF BURNOUT AMONG NURSING STAFF: AN EXPERIENCE FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN INDIA

Objective: The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of burnout in staff nurses at a tertiary care hospital and to examine the relationship of socio-demographic factors with burnout. Methods: In this present cross-sectional study, data from 100 staff nurses were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Modified Kuppuswamy Scale. It was analyzed to find out the burnout level. Results: All the participants were females with mean age of 27.36±3.258 years. Most of participants (68%) belonged to the upper middle socioeconomic class. High level of burnout was reported in 33% participants in depersonalization and 28% in personal accomplishment domain, respectively. Medium level of burnout was found in 37%, 46%, and 25% of participants in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment domains, respectively. About 63% of participants reported low level of burnout in emotional exhaustion domain. Conclusion: The present study reported a medium and high level of burnout in depersonalization and personal accomplishment domains among significant number of participants which needs to be addressed for efficient human resource management at tertiary care hospital.

Meta-Analysis: Intervention Using Midfulness Training to Reduce Burnout in Medical Doctors

Background: Burnout is one of the mental health problems caused by a high workload that causes excessive stress characterized by symptoms such as anxiety and even depression, because of the seriousness of this burnout problem, the WHO classifies burnout as a disease. Burnout is a very serious problem in many countries, so efforts are needed to prevent and/or reduce the negative consequences and impacts of burnout syndrome. One of the interventions that can be done to achieve this is using the mindfulness method. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness in reducing burnout levels in doctors. Subjects and Method: This meta-analysis study was conducted using PICO as follows: The population is doctors (general and specialist) who work in hospitals. Intervention is mindfulness. Comparison in the form of mindfulness therapy. The outcome is a low level of burnout. Sources of meta-analysis studies were accessed using: Clinical Key, Google Scholar, MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct. The articles used in this study are full-text articles with a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) study design. This meta-analysis used 10 articles with a total sample of 539 doctors who were divided into two groups (mindfulness group and no mindfulness group). Analysis of the data using the application Review Manager 5.4.1. The purpose of this study was to determine the Standardized Mean difference (SMD) and heterogeneity in the study sample. Results: The results showed that this study was homogeneous (I 2 =47%; P&lt;0.001) so the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) was used. Mindfulness intervention was effective in reducing burnout levels in doctors 0.20 units lower than without using mindfulness and the results were statistically significant (SMD -0.20; 95% CI -0.37 to -0.03; p=0.020). Conclusion: Mindfulness is effective in reducing burnout levels in doctors 0.20 units lower than without using mindfulness and the results are statistically significant. Keywords: mindfulness, burnout, doctor. Correspondence: Maika Ratri. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: ratrim.mr@gmail.com.Mobile: +6285702081870. Journal of Health Policy and Management (2022), 07(01): 24-33 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2022.07.01.03

The impact of the alterations in caring for COVID-19 patients on Compassion Satisfaction and Compassion Fatigue in Italian nurses: a multi method study.

Background and aim of the work:During COVID-19 first wave, healthcare professionals were exposed to a major psychological pressure related to uncertainty, a lack of therapies or a vaccine and shortages of healthcare resources. They developed higher levels of Burnout and Compassion Fatigue, and similar levels of Compassion Satisfaction. Aim is evaluating in Italian nurses Compassion Satisfaction and Compassion Fatigue and impacting individual and relational variables.Methods:A multi-methods approach was used. Qualitative data were collected through 2 focus group. Quantitative data were collected through a web survey composed by an ad hoc questionnaire developed from the focus group results, the Professional Quality of Life Scale-5 and the Resilience Scale .Results:In the qualitative phase 6 categories emerged. From the quantitative analysis the sample reported a moderate level of Compassion Satisfaction, a low level of Burnout and a moderate level of Secondary Traumatic Stress. Compassion Satisfaction had as predictors resilience (β = .501), followed by feeling part of the team (β = .406) and collaboration with colleagues (β = .386). Secondary Traumatic Stress had as predictors the impact of PPE (β = .269), and feeling Covid-related individual sufferance (β = .212). The only predictor of Burnout was resilience (β = -2195).Conclusions:During COVID-19 first wave Italian nurses were exposed to a higher risk of Secondary Traumatic Stress, mainly impacted by frustration, loss of control, loss of possibility to properly care for patients, and personal threat. Relational and team support had a crucial role in sustaining Compassion Satisfaction. (www.actabiomedica.it)

Emotional Intelligence and Burnout among Medical Students at a Public Saudi University

Background: Medical students’ mental health is a significant problem, as research has shown that their mental health was comparable to, if not better than, the general population before attending medical school. The study aimed to examine emotional intelligence and burnout and their associated factors and identify their predictors among medical students at Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU). Methods: A cross-sectional study targeted medical students at the college of medicine of IMSIU. The invited students were requested to respond to the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) and TEI Que-SF questionnaires. Sociodemographic and personal life data were also evaluated. Results: Out of the 350 invited medical students, 280 (80%) completed the study questionnaires. More than half (53.2 %) were females, while 66.8 % were aged between 21 and 23. Generally, the mean score of the four scales of the tool were 4.56 (Out of 6), 4.31 (Out of 6), 4.72 (Out of 8), and 4.62 (Out of 6), where higher scores mean better emotional intelligence. According to the results of the MBI-SS tool, 19.3 % of the students had a high-level burnout considering the exhaustion subscale, 76.4 % in the depersonalization subscale, and 77.5 % in the personal achievement subscale. Emotional intelligence is negatively correlated with exhaustion and depersonalization burnout and positively related with personal achievement burnout. Conclusion: A significant correlation was found between medical students’ emotional intelligence with burnout components, positively with academic achievement, and negatively with exhaustion and depersonalization burnout. Improving the student’s ability to deal successfully with different situations (increasing emotional intelligence) is associated with a lower level of burnout and better academic achievement. Keywords: medical students, emotional intelligence, burnout, Saudi Arabia

Influence of Selected Socio-demographic Variables on the Level of Occupational Burnout in Neurological and Neurosurgical Nurses

Introduction. Burnout is recognized as an important individual and social problem. Occupations at increased risk of burnout include: doctors, nurses, social workers, teachers, policemen and emergency service workers.Aim. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of selected socio-demographic variables on the level of occupational burnout in neurological and neurosurgical nurses.Material and Methods. The research was carried out on a group of 206 nurses employed in thirteen neurological and neurosurgical centres in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. By means of a diagnostic survey, the level of occupational burnout was assessed using a questionnaire survey.Results. When analysing the impact of socio-demographic variables on occupational burnout, the following results were obtained for: gender (0.939), age (0.071), workplace (0.239), marital status (0.657), education (0.330), distance to the workplace (0.773), years of experience (0.013) and position held (0.552). Only work experience in the profession had a statistically significant, low correlation with the results of the level of occupational burnout (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusions. The examined group of nurses showed a low level of occupational burnout. The vast majority of nurses felt satisfied with their work. There was no significant influence of socio-demographic variables on the level of occupational burnout. (JNNN 2021;10(4):162–167)

Empathy, friend or foe? Untangling the relationship between empathy and burnout in helping professions

ABSTRACT The relationship between empathy and burnout in helping professions has been debated extensively, with some arguing the tendency to vicariously experience the emotions of another is a risk factor for burnout and others arguing that this disposition protects against burnout. We sought to aid this debate by assessing the relationship between two empathy facets, positive and negative, and burnout across three samples of helping professionals: practicing clinicians (N = 59), medical students (N = 76), and teaching assistants (N = 77). Results across all three samples consistently revealed that one’s tendency to share in the positive emotions of another (i.e., positive empathy) was related to lower levels of burnout, even after controlling for several potential confounding factors. Beyond discussing the utility of the emerging study of positive empathy, we offer potential avenues for reducing burnout in helping professions by emphasizing the importance of sharing in the positive emotions of others.

Impact of grit, resilience, and stress levels on burnout and well-being of dental students.

Dentistry is demanding and requires a high level of diligence and resilience, resulting in high stress that may impact students' burnout and well-being. The aims were to: (1) investigate the levels of grit, resilience, stress, burnout, and well-being among students at King Abdulaziz University-Faculty of Dentistry; (2) explore age, gender, dentistry as the first career choice, academic level, grit, resilience, and stress as predictors for burnout and well-being among dental students; (3) investigate the correlations among grit, resilience, stress, burnout, and well-being among dental students. An electronic questionnaire was distributed, comprised of demographic information and five validated scales: (1) grit (grit-8-item); (2) resilience (The Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC)); (3) stress (perceived stress scale); (4) burnout (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory); (5) well-being (World Health Organization-5). The total students number was (n=1057), number of participants were (n=355), and the response rate was (33%). Predictors of well-being and burnout (multiple linear regression analyses) and correlations among the scales (Spearman Correlation Coefficient) were performed. Median age (22 years old). Trait levels varied among students. Grit, stress, and academic year were significant predictors for burnout (p<0.0001), where sixth-year undergraduates showed significantly high, third-year undergraduate and graduates showed significantly low burnout levels. Age, gender, stress, and academic year were significant predictors for well-being (p<0.0001), where older students and fifth-year undergraduates showed significantly low, and males showed significantly high well-being levels. Burnout had a significant moderate positive relationship with stress and a weak negative relationship with resilience and grit. Well-being had a significant negative moderate relationship with burnout and stress and a weak positive relationship with resilience. The levels of grit, resilience, stress, burnout, and well-being, and correlations varied among dental students. The academic level was a common significant predictor between burnout and well-being. We recommend reinforcing existing programs at the school and implementing a resilience program to reduce burnout levels and improve students' well-being.

Burnout among staff on specialized eating disorder units in Norway

ObjectiveBurnout is commonly associated with low workplace wellbeing. Patients with eating disorders are frequently referred to as a particularly challenging group to treat. It is therefore important to study healthcare providers´ workplace wellbeing in settings which treat eating disorders. The aims of the current study were to (a) measure burnout among healthcare providers working on specialized eating disorder units in Norway, and (b) explore factors predicting burnout.Methods186 participants from 11 specialized eating disorder units in Norway completed an online survey including the Mashlach Burnout Inventory, and eating disorder-specific factors related to burnout, job satisfaction, work environment, emotional dissonance and stress. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify predictors of burnout.ResultsOverall, low levels of burnout were found among the participants. Eating disorder-specific factors and emotional dissonance predicted the three central aspects of burnout, namely, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a diminished sense of personal accomplishment.ConclusionsFindings suggest a relatively low level of burnout across age, gender, and professional categories working at specialized eating disorder units, contrary to commonly-held assumptions pertaining to the challenges involved in treating individuals with eating disorders.

What is the prevalence and risk factors of burnout among pediatric intensive care staff (PICU)? A review.

Staff in the paediatric intensive care unit work with children and their families in an area of high acuity, mortality, and morbidity. There is complexity due to technological advancements and confronting psychosocial situations. With increasing reports of the threat of burnout to healthcare professionals it is imperative to understand the prevalence of burnout and the determinants of risk factors for staff to work in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in order to inform interventions that reduce risk and support growth and wellbeing of this specialised workforce. We conducted electronic searches of PUBMED, Medline, CINAHL and PsychINFO. Studies meeting eligibility inclusion criteria comprised English text, publication dates 1995 to 2019, use of standardized measures to assess prevalence and risk factors for burnout where the PICU staff data was reported separately and contained sample sizes ≥10 PICU staff. Two reviewers independently identified and extracted citations and assessed the quality of papers using two standardised reporting tools. Twenty studies were included in the final review. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies a descriptive account of the studies was developed. Outcomes reported included prevalence and levels of burnout reported across professional disciplines, reported scoring criteria for burnout, risk and protective factors for burnout, comparative populations, systems and social context associated with burnout and study strengths and limitations. Most studies were cross-sectional, used a single measure of burnout and focussed on either physicians or nurses. Of the 20 studies reported 62% reported high burnout, 19% moderate burnout, and 19% reported low levels of burnout. Inconsistency was identified in adherence to recommended cut-off scores or reporting for the categorisation of burnout, which contributed to a lack of clarity in the interpretation of prevalence and severity. Reports of factors associated with increased risk and likely protective factors for burnout were often contradictory suggesting that burnout may be situational; dependent upon personal, environmental, leadership, cultural and patient factors within the PICU. This review revealed that determining levels and risk of burnout in PICU staff remains problematic. Further research which examines the experiences of all members of the multidisciplinary team and identification of factors that affect the development of burnout, including those which are protective, is required.

Toward adjustment profiles for lower secondary student-athletes in the Finnish dual career context: A mixed-methods approach

Engagement, burnout, and experiences are central concepts for understanding student-athlete adjustment in a dual career (DC) environment. As part of a larger 3-year, lower secondary sports schools pilot project, the aim of this study was to examine student-athletes’ DC adjustment in Finnish lower secondary sports schools at the end of the second academic year. By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, we sought to (a) identify adjustment profiles among student-athletes based on measures of engagement and burnout in school and sport and (b) to extract experiences that describe the distribution of student-athletes in the profiles. A latent profile analysis using questionnaire data from a sample of 217 lower secondary student-athletes (M = 14 years, SD = 0.4 years) revealed three distinct profiles: well-adjusted (n = 122), reasonably functioning (n = 73), and struggling (n = 22). Follow-up interviews with a subsample of 19 student-athletes revealed that occasional physical exhaustion and school-related stress were common adjustment issues for student-athletes in all three profiles. Student-athletes showing the well-adjusted profile reported advanced DC management skills that enabled them to maintain low levels of burnout while engaging extensively in school and sport. Adolescents in the reasonably functioning profile reported difficulties in portioning time and thoughts between school and sport, which caused physical and mental DC taxation. To compensate for insufficient time management strategies, adolescents belonging to the struggling profile had to emancipate time for schoolwork by lowering their sports engagement at the cost of heightened school and sport burnout.

Prevalence and predictors of burnout among nurses during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in hospitals in central Uganda

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of burnout and associated factors among nurses during COVID-19 in central Uganda.DesignA cross-sectional design.SettingNurse from one referral and four general hospitals. These were reception centres and...

Investigation of the Relationship Between Quality of Work Life, Burnout and Spiritual Well-being in Intensive Care Nurses

This study was conducted as a descriptive study to determine the relationship between quality of work life, burnout and spiritual well-being in intensive care nurses. The research has been carried out on 211 nurses who work in the intensive care units in three public hospitals located in Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region. In data collection, a form containing questions about the socio-demographic characteristics of individuals (age, gender, education level, marital status, economic status and receiving spiritual care education), “Spiritual Well-being Scale”, “Nursing Work Life Scale” and “Maslach Burnout Scale” were used. T test was used for independent variables in the analysis of the data. In addition, the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable in numerical data was made using multiple regression analysis. In this study, it was determined that the spiritual well-being and emotional exhaustion levels of the nurses were above the middle level, and the mean scores of the nurses' quality of life, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were below the middle level. As a result, it was found that as the spiritual well-being levels of nurses working in intensive care increased, their burnout levels decreased and their work life quality increased. In addition, it was found that nurses who received spiritual care training had higher work life quality and lower burnout levels than nurses who did not receive training.

Acculturation Orientations, Professional Interventions and Burnout amongst Ethnic Minority Social Workers Working with Ethnic Minority Clients: A Case of Arab Citizens of Israel

Abstract In this article, we formulate a new bicultural model of social work with ethnic minorities. The suggested model connects acculturation orientations, professional interventions and burnout amongst social workers working with ethnic minority clients. We tested this model in a sample of Arab Israeli social workers (n = 299). The study results confirmed that ethnic minority social workers working with ethnic minority clients used interventions that may be classified as either rooted in the minority or the majority culture. Arab Israeli social workers used slightly more often interventions rooted in the minority than the majority culture; however, the two types of intervention were complementary rather than contradictory. Acculturation orientations of Arab Israeli social workers were connected to their choice of professional interventions. Specifically, a higher preference for separation was associated with more frequent use of professional interventions rooted in the minority culture. In contrast, a higher preference for integration was associated with more frequent use of interventions rooted in both minority and majority cultures. More frequent use of interventions rooted in the majority culture was associated with a lower level of burnout and a higher level of personal accomplishment, whilst more frequent use of interventions rooted in the minority culture was associated with a higher level of burnout. Based on the obtained results, an integrative approach to education and training of social workers and social work practice with ethnic minorities is advocated.

Staff stress and burnout in a community adult mental health service.

Burnout has been associated with medical errors and low levels should be considered an indicator of service quality. This study examined the level of personal, work and client-related burnout in medical, other clinical and non-clinical staff in an adult community mental health service. An anonymous study-specific questionnaire was designed and circulated to all staff with an explanatory document. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used as a validated measure of burnout, with high levels reflecting high rates of stress and burnout. Further questions were added from Maslach Burnout Inventory and effort-reward imbalance index. Information on demographics, job satisfaction, turnover intention, feeling valued and effort/reward balance was gathered and analysed. The overall response rate was 47.4% (63/133), of whom 43 were clinical staff. Overall levels of burnout were low and similar across staff type, with only 30.1% showing moderate levels of burnout, and none in the 'high-burnout' category. All staff displayed positive disposition towards patients, with lower client burnout, as compared to personal and work-related burnout. All medical staff felt valued in their work, with lower rates in the other groups (48.7% of non-medical clinicians and 58.3% of non-clinical staff). Relatively low levels of overall burnout were reported among clinical and non-clinical staff working in our adult mental health service. These rates are similar to the levels identified in a national study of burnout in Irish hospital doctors but lower than the levels found among consultants in Irish child and adolescent mental health services.

Conceptualisation and measurement of foreign language learning burnout among Chinese EFL students

ABSTRACT The study seeks to conceptualise foreign language learning burnout and provide its corresponding measurement. The 15-item Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) was rephrased to fit an English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) learning context. The modified MBI-SS was then assessed among 1718 Chinese secondary EFL students. A final 10-item Maslach Burnout Inventory-EFL Student Survey was obtained based on a series of reliability (e.g. item analysis, internal consistency) and validity (construct validity, convergent validity, and criterion validity) test results. According to the confirmatory factor analysis results, foreign language learning burnout is a three-dimensional construct encompassing Exhaustion, Cynicism, and Reduced Efficacy, confirming the invariance of the original tri-factorial structure of the MBI-SS. In addition, participants reported low levels of foreign language learning burnout, Exhaustion, Cynicism, and Reduced Efficacy. Possible reasons for foreign language learning burnout were discussed with reference to the FL educational context in China. We also proposed directions for future research.