Low LC Research Articles

EMBL-MCF 2.0: an LC-MS/MS method and corresponding library for high-confidence targeted and untargeted metabolomics using low-adsorption HILIC chromatography

IntroductionOver the past two decades, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics has experienced significant growth, playing a crucial role in various scientific disciplines. However, despite these advance-ments, metabolite identification (MetID) remains a significant challenge. To address this, stringent MetID requirements were established, emphasizing the necessity of aligning experimental data with authentic reference standards using multiple criteria. Establishing dependable methods and corresponding libraries is crucial for instilling confidence in MetID and driving further progress in metabolomics.ObjectiveThe EMBL-MCF 2.0 LC-MS/MS method and public library was designed to facilitate both targeted and untargeted metabolomics with exclusive focus on endogenous, polar metabolites, which are known to be challenging to analyze due to their hydrophilic nature. By accompanying spectral data with robust retention times obtained from authentic standards and low-adsorption chromatography, high confidence MetID is achieved and accessible to the metabolomics community.MethodsThe library is built on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and state-of-the-art low adsorption LC hardware. Both high-resolution tandem mass spectra and manually optimized multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions were acquired on an Orbitrap Exploris 240 and a QTRAP 6500+, respectively.ResultsImplementation of biocompatible HILIC has facilitated the separation of isomeric metabolites with significant enhancements in both selectivity and sensitivity. The resulting library comprises a diverse collection of more than 250 biologically relevant metabolites. The methodology was successfully applied to investigate a variety of biological matrices, with exemplary findings showcased using murine plasma samples.ConclusionsOur work has resulted in the development of the EMBL-MCF 2.0 library, a powerful resource for sensitive metabolomics analyses and high-confidence MetID. The library is freely accessible and available in the universal .msp file format under the CC-BY 4.0 license: mona.fiehnlab.ucdavis.edu https://mona.fiehnlab.ucdavis.edu/spectra/browse?query=exists(tags.text:%27EMBL-MCF_2.0_HRMS_Library%27), EMBL-MCF 2.0 HRMS https://www.embl.org/groups/metabolomics/instrumentation-and-software/#MCF-library.

Recent advances and applications in drug analysis by nano-scale separation techniques

Nano-scale separation techniques (NSTs) offer significant advantages in relation to drug analysis in a wide range of samples. NSTs, including low flow rate LC systems or capillary or chip based electrophoresis/electrochromatography systems, have become the primary tool for advanced drug analysis, and indispensable technology for sensitive and selective drug analysis. In recent decades, significant advances have been achieved using NSTs for drug analysis. In this review, sample preparation strategies, new advances and applications in NSTs and the contribution toward forensic science applications were reported. In addition, some recent and selected applications with or without mass spectrometry (e.g., low resolution/high resolution -MS) are summarized.

Endogenous monoclonal immunoglobulins analyzed using the EXENT® solution and LC-MS

IntroductionThe EXENT® Solution, a fully automated system, is a recent advancement for identifying and quantifying monoclonal immunoglobulins in serum. It combines immunoprecipitation with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Compared to gel-based methods, like SPEP and IFE, it has demonstrated the ability to detect monoclonal immunoglobulins in serum at lower levels. In this study, samples that tested negative using EXENT® were reflexed to LC-MS to determine if the more sensitive LC-MS method could identify monoclonal immunoglobulins missed by EXENT®. ObjectivesTo assess whether monoclonal immunoglobulins that are not detected by EXENT® can be detected by LC-MS using a low flow LC system coupled to a Q-TOF mass spectrometer. MethodsSamples obtained from patients confirmed to have multiple myeloma (MM) were diluted with pooled polyclonal human serum and analyzed using EXENT®. If a specific monoclonal immunoglobulin was not detected by EXENT®, the sample was then subjected to analysis by LC-MS. For the LC-MS analysis, the sample eluate, obtained after the MALDI-TOF MS spotting step, was collected and transferred to an autosampler tray for subsequent analysis using LC-MS. ConclusionLC-MS has the capability to detect monoclonal immunoglobulins that are no longer detected by EXENT®. Reflexing samples to LC-MS for analysis does not involve additional sample handling, allowing for a faster time-to-result compared to current approaches, such as Next-Generation Sequencing, Next-Generation Flow, and clonotypic peptide methods. Notably, LC-MS offers equivalent sensitivity in detecting these specific monoclonal immunoglobulins.

Compact RF transmission unit for nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy is a non-destructive measurement technique that enables to detect materials of interest very accurately. This technique works by sending high power electromagnetic waves with radio frequency (RF) very specific to the molecular structure to excite the sample and detecting the respond signal with the same frequency. Portable NQR detectors can be potentially developed to detect explosives with non-metallic containers in the fields. However, commercial RF high power amplifiers are large and heavy, so they are not practical for field usage. In this work, we demonstrate a compact NQR transmission part which composed of an active input signal conditioner, a class-D amplifier, and an NQR coil. The active input signal conditioner circuit will convert a single rf pulse with low amplitude (<0.5Vp) to two pulses (with 180° phase difference) and they are subsequently amplified to TTL level. In the class-D amplifier, the pre-amplified pulses are further amplified by a high voltage gate driver IC to 24V amplitude. These high voltage pulses are converted to a single 24V pulse by MOSFETs connected in a half bridge configuration. Finally, the amplified pulse is fed to the NQR coil, i.e., a low impedance LC series resonance circuit. The voltage across the coil at resonance frequency is about 1kVpp.

Power Quality Diagnosis Due to Integration of Renewable Energy Source at Utility Grid

Article outlines hybrid energy sources for fulfil supply demand through proposed approach. The hybrid renewable energy sources generation capacity of 6 kW as solar power and 50 kW power as solid oxide fuel cell plant with storage system are interfaced to the DC bus in proposed paper for performance diagnosis on the basis of power demand as per utility load application by conversion of DC power to AC power and power quality of grid/load parameters collected on PCC, which affected by RE source integration at utility bus in terms of power quality parameters as per event ON/OFF grid mode. For this study design a two-bus test system, first bus is DC bus for integration of solar PV plant and solid oxide fuel cell power plant to generate hybrid DC power which convert to AC power by using inverter technology and deliver to the second bus of utility load bus in proposed test system for application of utility load as well as utility grid as per event proposed. A low pass LC filter is modeled to remove high frequency harmonics from the inverter output which is fed to grid as well as test system of utility network.

Phytochemical constituents and larvicidal activity of Ruta graveolens, Ruta montana and Artemisia absinthium hydro-methanolic extract against mosquito vectors of avian plasmodium (Culiseta longiareolata)

This study evaluated the larvicidal efficacy of the methanolic extract of Ruta graveolens, Ruta montana and Artemisia absinthium against fourth instar larvae of Culiseta longiareolata (Aitken, 1954). Qualitative analysis of the plants revealed that flavonoids, Catechictannins, steroids were present in all three plant extracts. Alkaloids present only in R. montana and R. graveolens. The larvicidal activities of the leaf extracts were studied under laboratory conditions on the fourth instar larvae of Cs. longiareolata at a concentration ranging from 16 to 467 ppm. The result of this study indicated that the values LC 25 , LC 50 and LC 90 of the methanolic extract of leaves obtained after 24 h were, respectively, 113.2, 199.5 and 620.2 ppm for A. absinthium , 53.14, 97.74and 330.6 ppm for R. montana . While the methanolic extract of R. graveolens exhibited a higher degree of potency with low LC 25 , LC 50 and LC 90 of 25.14, 43.24 and 127.9 ppm, respectively. The morphometric measurements carried out on larvae treated with LC 50 of the three plants revealed a decrease in growth for the various stages studied (larvae, pupae, male and female adults). In addition, it significantly reduces the body content of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids of the various stages studied. The extracts of the three plants cause an extension of the development time for larvae and pupae. In summary, this study reports the larvicidal effects of R. graveolens, R. montana and A. absinthium against Cs. longiareolata larvae which may serve as an alternative to synthetic pesticides in Algeria. • The hydro-methanolic extracts of R.graveolens, R. montana and A.absinthium have larvicidal effects against mosquitoes. • Methanolic extracts from the three plants affected development time and growth in post-embryonic stages. • Biochemical changes in individuals treated with the extracts. • The hydro methanolic extract of R. graveolens, R. montana and A. absinthium can be used in the fight against C. longiareolata .

End Group Effect of Asymmetric Benzodithiophene-Based Donor with Liquid-Crystal State for Small-Molecule Binary Solar Cell.

Liquid-crystal small molecule donor (LC-SMD) is a new type organic semiconductor, which is attractive not only for the easy synthesis and purification, well-defined chemical structures, etc., but also for the LC state that makes the crystallinity and aggregation state of molecules adjustable. Here, one new LC-SMD (a-BTR-H4) is synthesized with 1D alkoxyl and 2D thiophene-alkylthiol side-chained benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene core, trithiophene π-bridge, and 3-(2-ethylhexyl) rhodanine end group. a-BTR-H4 shows low LC transition temperature, 117 °C, however, counterpart material (a-BTR-H5) with the same main structure but 3-ethyl rhodanine terminal group does not show LC properties. Although a-BTR-H4/H5 show similar Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum and energy levels, a-BTR-H4 affords relatively high photovoltaic performances due to favorable blend morphology produced by the consistent annealing temperature of Y6-based accepters and liquid crystal temperature of donors. Preliminary results indicate that a-BTR-H4 gains a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.36% for Y6-based devices, which is ascribed to better light harvest as well as balanced carrier generation and transport, while a-BTR-H5 obtains 7.57% PCE. Therefore, some materials with unique nematic LC phase have great application potential in organic electronics, and further work to utilize a-BTR-H4 for high-performance device is underway.

The prognostic value of tumor mutational burden related 6-gene-based Risk Score in laryngeal cancer patients

BackgroundLaryngeal cancer (LC) is the second frequent malignant head and neck cancer around world, while LC patients’ prognosis is unsatisfactory. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of tumor mutation burden (TMB)-related genes in LC.MethodsLC data was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. TMB values of all samples were calculated basing on mutation data. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LC samples with distinct TMB were subjected to univariate and LASSO Cox regression analysis to build Risk Score. Immune cell infiltration analysis was conducted in CIBERSORT.ResultsBetween high and low TMB LC samples, we identified 210 DEGs. Of which, six optimal genes were included to construct Risk Score, comprising FOXJ1, EPO, FGF5, SPOCK1, KCNF1 and PSG5. High risk LC patients had significantly poorer overall survival than low risk patients. The nomogram model constructed basing on Risk Score and gender showed good performance in predicting LC patients’ survival probability.ConclusionsThe prognostic Risk Score model, basing on six TMB-related genes (FOXJ1, EPO, FGF5, SPOCK1, KCNF1 and PSG5), was a reliable prognostic model to separate LC patients with different prognoses.

Patterns of Failure after Stereotactic Radiosurgery vs. Whole Brain Radiotherapy for Resected Brain Metastases: Central Imaging Review of the N107C/CEC.3 (Alliance) Phase III Clinical Trial

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has historically been the main instrument to decrease intracranial progression after resection of brain metastases. The previously reported NCCTG N107C/CEC.3 (Alliance) randomized phase III clinical trial of WBRT vs. stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) demonstrated that overall survival did not significantly differ between arms, while SRS was associated with less cognitive decline than WBRT. However, the initial analysis also showed that local tumor bed control (LC) was significantly worse with SRS than WBRT, with an unexpectedly low 12-month LC rate of 60.5% in patients receiving post-operative SRS. To further investigate LC, a central imaging review was performed. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> In N107C/CEC.3, 194 patients were randomized to SRS (n=98) or WBRT (n=96). SRS dose was dependent on resection cavity volume and ranged from 12 Gy to 20 Gy all in a single fraction, and WBRT dose was 30 Gy in 10 fractions or 37.5 Gy in 15 fractions. For this analysis, patients with local failure (LF) or leptomeningeal failure that had imaging available were centrally reviewed by two radiation oncologists to verify pattern of failure. Patient and treatment characteristics were assessed for association with updated outcomes after central review using Cox proportional hazards, Pearson's chi-square, or Kruskal-Wallis tests. <h3>Results</h3> Seventy-three patients with LF or leptomeningeal failure determined by their local site were centrally reviewed. After adding patients with no LF or leptomeningeal failure, 185 (95% of total enrolled) patients were included in this analysis as 9 patients with LF did not have imaging available for central review. Of 59 patients initially determined to have LF, 20 were determined on central review to be free of LF. Accordingly, after central review post-operative SRS was no longer associated with significantly lower rates of LC than WBRT (79.2% vs. 86.5% 12-month LC, respectively, p=0.099). After central review, the interrelated variables of tumor diameter, target volume, and prescription dose were associated with risk of LF. Patients with resection cavities > 3 cm had higher rates of LF than those with smaller cavities (23.5% vs. 12.6% 12-month LF rate, respectively; p=0.010). Larger target volume was associated with increased risk of LF (HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01 – 1.09, p=0.008), while higher prescription dose was associated with lower risk of LF (HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67 – 0.96, p=0.018). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In contrast to the initial report, after central review SRS was not associated with significantly higher rates of LF than WBRT. Patients with larger surgical cavities had higher rates of LF, though it is unclear whether this is related to cavity size, biology, or radiation dose. Randomized data comparing single to multifraction SRS in larger surgical cavities is awaited.

Potential Cardioprotective Effects and Lipid Mediator Differences in Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplemented Mice Given Chemotherapy.

Many commonly used chemotherapies induce mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac muscle, which leads to cardiotoxicity and heart failure later in life. Dietary long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) have demonstrated cardioprotective function in non-chemotherapy models of heart failure, potentially through the formation of LC n-3 PUFA-derived bioactive lipid metabolites. However, it is unknown whether dietary supplementation with LC n-3 PUFA can protect against chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. To test this, 36 female ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice were randomized in a two-by-two factorial design to either a low (0 g/kg EPA + DHA) or high (12.2 g/kg EPA + DHA) LC n-3 PUFA diet, and received either two vehicle or two chemotherapy (9 mg/kg anthracycline + 90 mg/kg cyclophosphamide) tail vein injections separated by two weeks. Body weight and food intake were measured as well as heart gene expression and fatty acid composition. Heart mitochondria were isolated using differential centrifugation. Mitochondrial isolate oxylipin and N-acylethanolamide levels were measured by mass spectrometry after alkaline hydrolysis. LC n-3 PUFA supplementation attenuated some chemotherapy-induced differences (Myh7, Col3a1) in heart gene expression, and significantly altered various lipid species in cardiac mitochondrial preparations including several epoxy fatty acids [17(18)-EpETE] and N-acylethanolamines (arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA), suggesting a possible functional link between heart lipids and cardiotoxicity.

Confirmation of the Absence of Contact Between Edge Boundary Plasma and Inboard First Wall in LHD Discharges Based on Radial Profile Measurement of Hβ Line Emissions

In the Large Helical Device (LHD), a high-performance plasma has been obtained at the inwardly shifted magnetic axis position of Rax = 3.60 m in which a spatial distance between the first wall on the vacuum vessel and the outermost edge boundary of the stochastic magnetic field layer existing outside the last closed flux surface takes a minimum value of ~12 mm at the inboard side. In order to investigate contact between the edge plasma boundary and the inboard first wall, a radial profile of Hβ line emissions at 4861 Å has been measured using a Czerny-Turner visible spectrometer and a 40-channel optical fiber array. All Hβ profiles measured at different magnetic axis positions of Rax = 3.60, 3.75, and 3.90 m showed a centrally peaked profile except for a few fiber channels observing the outboard edge plasma. The Hβ emission near the inboard first wall was negligibly weak, in particular, in the case of Rax = 3.60 m, suggesting no significant contact between the edge boundary plasma and the vacuum vessel first wall. The radial Hβ profile was then analyzed in detail using the EMC3-EIRENE edge plasma simulation code. The simulation well reproduced the measured profiles, including the extremely weak Hβ emission around the inboard first wall in the Rax = 3.60 m configuration. The centrally peaked profiles are found to originate in the Hβ emissions around X-points, while hydrogen neutrals are dominantly localized near the divertor plates. These results confirm the formation of a complete open divertor configuration in the LHD discharge without significant contact with the first wall. The presence of a region with extremely short magnetic field connection lengths (Lc < 5 m) between the inboard first wall and the outermost edge boundary is a key point to eliminate the strong plasma-wall interaction because sustainment of a significant edge plasma is entirely difficult in such a low Lc region.

Investigation of the correlation effects of catalyst loading and ionomer content in an anode electrode on the performance of polymer electrode membrane water electrolysis

In this study, the correlation effect of catalyst loading (Lc) and ionomer content (Ciono) on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is investigated. Sixteen membrane electrode assemblies are constructed and electrochemically evaluated using a cross-combination of two factors. Although the coupling of the two factors does not significantly affect the performance at a low working voltage, the effect is dominant at a high working voltage. Based on the establishment of correlations between the changes in the contributing factors (including the ionomer fraction, thickness, and porosity) caused by variations in the two factors, the effects on the kinetic, ohmic, and mass transfer overpotential are estimated and analyzed. Since the Ciono and Lc simultaneously affect the porosity, the required Ciono for achieving the best performance changes according to the Lc and vice versa. Additionally, a rapid drop in performance when the Ciono exceeds 25 wt% is due to the inhibited electron transfer in electrode and interface between the electrode and porous transport layers, and a critical ionomer concentration is proposed. Finally, high-performance PEMWE (6.882 A cm−2 at 2.05 V) is achieved with a low Lc of 0.5 mg cm−2 and a Ciono of 10 wt%.

Quantum entanglement in a four-partite hybrid system containing three macroscopic subsystems

The combination of different quantum systems may allow the exploration of the distinctive features of each system for the investigation of fundamental phenomena as well as for quantum technologies. In this work we consider a setup consisting of an atomic ensemble enclosed within a laser-driven optomechanical cavity, having the moving mirror further (capacitively) coupled to a low frequency LC circuit. This constitutes a four-partite optoelectromechanical quantum system containing three macroscopic quantum subsystems of a different nature, viz, the atomic ensemble, the massive mirror and the LC circuit. The quantized cavity field plays the role of an auxiliary system that allows the coupling of two other quantum subsystems. We show that for experimentally achievable parameters, it is possible to generate steady state bipartite Gaussian entanglement between pairs of macroscopic systems. In particular, we find under which conditions it is possible to obtain a reasonable amount of entanglement between the atomic ensemble and the LC circuit, systems that might be suitable for constituting a quantum memory and for quantum processing, respectively. For complementarity, we discuss the effect of the environmental temperature on quantum entanglement.

A Simple Low Phase Noise Class-F LC Oscillator

A Simple Low Phase Noise Class-F LC Oscillator

Effects of phase flicker in digitally driven phase-only LCOS devices on holographic reconstructed images.

Phase flicker can degrade the performance of holographic applications at the device and application levels. On the device side, the meaningful phase modulation resolution is proved to be limited by the overlapping between adjacent phase levels caused by flicker. Here, the tolerance of the overlapping for different modulation levels is provided. The frame rate of the device is also constrained by the phase flicker. The balance between low flicker and fast LC response for fast frame rate is quantitatively analyzed. On the application side, the effects of real phase flicker on the performance of blazed gratings and image holograms are investigated using the temporal phase flicker profiles measured from a phase-only liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) device; they are shown to be comparable with that introduced by quantization level and amplitude noise, respectively.

Reference Oversampling PLL Achieving −256-dB FoM and −78-dBc Reference Spur

This article presents a low jitter, low power, low reference spur LC oscillator-based reference oversampling digital phase locked loop (OSPLL). The proposed reference oversampling architecture simultaneously offers a low in-band phase noise, a wide-bandwidth, and a low spur. In addition, this article proposes an LC digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) for the proposed OSPLL to achieve a fast frequency update and fine frequency resolution, while its varactor switching timing is set optimally for low jitter using the proposed DCO tuning pulse timing control scheme. The proposed OSPLL was fabricated in a 28-nm CMOS process. The integrated rms jitter of the PLL was measured at 67.1 fs for an output frequency of 4 GHz. The in-band phase noise of the PLL was −129.2 and −132.5 dBc/Hz at 1- and 5-MHz offset frequencies. The measured reference spur of the PLL was −78.1 dBc. Total PLL power consumption was 5.2 mW, resulting in −256.3-dB PLL jitter-power FoM, while occupying 0.17-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area.

Tunable Q matching networks for capacitive ultrasound transmitters

Airborne capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) have predominantly large input capacitive reactance with small series radiation resistance. To maximize the acoustic power radiation at resonance we employ low cost LC matching networks between the low output impedance driving source and CMUT transducer. Conventional LC networks, including pi and T-network topologies are employed to provide a high-Q match. An important free parameter that controls the bandwidth of match in pi and T-networks is the center impedance. Since a simple pi-network can be formed from two basic L-sections, the center impedance of two L-sections provides control over the bandwidth of match. Hence these are tunable-Q matching networks. We use the lumped circuit model of CMUT to derive the input impedance of CMUT at resonance. At resonance the lumped equivalent circuit of transducer can be reduced to a series RC circuit consisting of radiation resistance and transducer’s equivalent capacitance only. From the input impedance of CMUT we determine the lumped inductance and capacitances of various LC matching networks. The aim of these matching networks is to cancel the large input capacitive reactance of CMUT cell and to match the cell’s radiation resistance to source resistance at resonance. We report significant improvement in the radiated power when CMUT is driven at resonance using the proposed matching schemes.

Flux Observation of Induction Machine Based on the Enhanced Sensorless Voltage Model

This paper presents the identification of the rotor flux of the induction machine. In the field-oriented control topology, since the terminal stator voltages are a pulsating voltage, so the only way is to calculate the reference values of the voltages from the inverter states phase. At very low speed, the reconstructed voltages are nearly not real, so that, the range of speed rotation of an encoder-less field-oriented control is not quite enough to cover all the speed range. However, the design of a 3-phase inverter which is prepared by silicon carbide (SiC)-MOSFETs with inserting an output filter between the inverter and the machine may supply sinusoidal voltages and currents at the output. The high switching frequency which can be applied with the SiC MOSFETs permits the proposal and implementation of a small low pass LC filter that can be equipped with the inverter output side. With this structure, it is possible to reduce the harmonic of the output voltages in addition to reduce the content of the current harmonics causing in a practically sinusoidal voltage as confirmed in the experimental results of this work. The main goal of this outline is two points, on the first side it can be reduce the winding machine stress, therefore, it is minimizing the harmonic in the voltages at the machine terminals. And on the other hand, is to use the measured voltages as an alternative of the recalculated ones to enhance the voltage model and the performance of the control scheme. It is predictable that the range of machine speed of an encoder-less field-oriented control can be extended.

Phytochemical Screening and Larvicidal Assessment of Bellyache Bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia) Leaf Extracts Against Culex quinquefasciatus Larvae

The development of resistance by Culex mosquitoes to synthetic insecticides has necessitated the continued search for alternative ones from plants. This study screened the preliminary qualitative phytochemicals and assessed the larvicidal efficacy of extracts of J. gossypiifolia leaf against third and fourth stage Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The J. gossypiifolia was screened for the presence of phytochemicals using standard methods. After twenty-four (24) hours post exposure of both third and fourth stage C. quinquefasciatus larvae against different concentrations, (2.0mg/ml, 4.0mg/ml, 6.0mg/ml, 8.0mg/ml and 10 mg/ml) of various extracts. It showed that larval mortality increases significantly (p&lt;0.05) with increase in extracts concentration. Acetone leaf extract showed highest mortality at 10mg/ml with 85% third stage Culex larvae mortality, followed by ethanolic leaf extract. However, least mortality was observed in n-Hexane leaf extract with 15% larval mortality against fourth stage Culex larvae. Low LC and LC values (3.715mg/ml and 12.490mg/ml) were noticed in 50 90 acetone leaf extract of J. gossypiifolia. The study observed that the highest LC and LC values (9.104mg/ml and 50 90 22.877mg/ml) were noticed in hexane leaf extracts. Conclusively, acetone leaf extract of J. gossypiifolia can be harnessed to control Culex larvae. However, there is a need to ascertain the quantities of bioactive components of J. gossypiifolia and its toxicity to non-target organisms.&#x0D; Keywords: Jatropha gossypiifolia, Phytochemicals, Culex larvae

Bim's Effect on the Expression of miR-423-3p in Promoting Primary Hepatic Cancer (PHC) and Role of miR-423-3p in PHC Proliferation and Invasion.

In this study, we analyzed the miR-423-3p expression in primary hepatic cancer (PHC), its effect on cell proliferation, and migration and explored Bcl-2-interacting mediator effect on the role of miR-423-3p in promoting liver cancer. The miR-423-3p expression levels in LC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were compared, and the relationship between miR-423-3p and clinical pathological characteristics of patients was analyzed. These levels in peripheral blood of LC patients and healthy volunteers were compared, and the diagnostic value of miR-423-3p in LC was analyzed. The miR-423-3p and BCL-2-interacting mediators of cell death (Bim) expression in LC cells SMMC-7721 and Huh-7 were analyzed. The changes of cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis level were evaluated. Furthermore, the association and regulatory relationship between miR-423-3p and Bim were evaluated by dual luciferase report. The miR-423-3p expression level in LC increased, indicating miR-423-3p could be a diagnostic marker for LC. miR-423-3p expression was relatively low in patients with low TNM stage (I-II) and LC with serum AFP level ≤ 20μg/L, related to the 5-year survival rate of LC patients. The 5-year survival rate of patients with low miR-423-3p expression was dramatically higher than that of those with high miR-423-3p expression. The miR-423-3p can promote proliferation and migration of LC cells and inhibit apoptosis, Bim can inhibit their growth and metastasis, and miR-423-3p can also regulate Bim expression. The miR-423-3p expression level in LC increased and could inhibit Bim to promote the proliferation and invasion of LC cells and inhibit apoptosis.