Low-intensity Electromagnetic Waves Research Articles

Redistribution of gas between the bulk and bubble phases in water irradiated with low-intensity electromagnetic waves

It has been established that the irradiation of liquid water with low-intensity electromagnetic waves of the centimeters range provides:
 
 Increasing the amount of light scattering (and optical density) of the water sample.
 An increase in the volume of free air contained in the water.
 
 These changes are due to the transfer of part of the gas dissolved in water into air bubbles.
 The mechanism "bubble" can explain the effects of low-intensity electromagnetic waves on biological fluids. Also, a change in the "standard" mode of functioning of a living cell. Figs.:1, Tabl.: , Refs.: 18 titles.
 Keywords: electromagnetic waves, irradiation, air bubbles.

Detecting a Stroke-Affected Region in the Brain by Scanning with Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Waves in the Radio Frequency/Microwave Band.

There is a compelling need for a new form of head scanner to diagnose whether a patient is experiencing a stroke. Crucially, the scanner must be quickly and safely deployable at the site of the emergency to reduce the time between a diagnosis and treatment being commenced. That will help to improve the long-term outlook for many patients, which in turn will help to reduce the high cost of stroke to national economies. This paper describes a novel scanning method that utilises low-intensity electromagnetic waves in the radio frequency/microwave band to detect a stroke-affected region in the brain. This method has the potential to be low cost, portable, and widely deployable, and it is intrinsically safe for the patient and operator. It requires no specialist shielding or power supplies and, hence, can be rapidly deployed at the site of the emergency. That could be at the patient’s bedside within a hospital, at the patient’s home or place of work, or in a community setting such as a GP surgery or a nursing home. Results are presented from an extensive programme of scans of inanimate test subjects that are materially valid representations of a human head. These results confirm that the scanning method is indeed capable of detecting a stroke-affected region in these subjects. The significance of these results is discussed, as well as ways in which the efficacy of the scanning methodology could be further improved.

GAS REDISTRIBUTION BETWEEN BULK AND BUBBLE IN WATER PHASE UNDER IRRADIATION BY LOW-INTENSIVE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

It is found that irradiation of water by low-intensity electromagnetic waves of the centimeter range provides an increase in the volume of free air contained in the water. This change is due to the transfer of part of water-dissolved gas into air bubbles.

Assessment of Transcapillary Water Exchange in the Lungs by Active Radiometry

The possibility of noninvasive assessment of transcapillary water exchange in the lungs using stimulated microwave emission of the chest organs is discussed. The results of the study showed that the distribution of 1 GHz microwave emission of tissues probed using low-intensity electromagnetic waves at 65 GHz corresponded to the distribution of pulmonary blood flow. Calculations showed that the intensity of transcapillary water exchange in the lungs was distributed exponentially from the apices to the basal parts of the lungs. The distribution of the transcapillary water exchange was shown to vary according to the pulmonary perfusion gradient, which is indicative of a correlation between the parameters of pulmonary perfusion and the intensity of stimulated microwave emission of tissues at the frequency of 1 GHz. This correlation can be used for noninvasive assessment of pulmonary perfusion by active radiometry.

An Original Theory Regarding the Correlations between the Extremely High Frequency Electromagnetic Waves of Athermic Intensities and their Cellular Effects

Lately it has been demonstrated that extremely low intensity millimeter therapy could represent an important new technological method, universal and effective in the treatment of diseases with various etiologies. In this way, millimeter waves have crystallized into a new branch of modern biophysics and cellular studies and are used extensively in medicine and biotechnology. Thus, in the present report, we will try to describe a new original theory regarding the interaction mechanism between extremely high frequency electromagnetic waves and their biological environment. This could be quite important since so far there has not been developed a general theory on the relations between extremely high frequency/extremely low intensity electromagnetic waves and the biological environment, at various levels of organization: submolecular, molecular, cellular, the organ level or the entire organism. In this way, the present paper was designed to contribute to the development and understanding of millimeter wave’s interaction with the biological entities and to propose a new alternative biophysical and cellular mechanism to explain the biological effects inherent to the electromagnetic millimeter field.

An Original Theory Regarding the Correlations between the Extremely High Frequency Electromagnetic Waves of Athermic Intensities and their Cellular Effects

Lately it has been demonstrated that extremely low intensity millimeter therapy could represent an important new technological method, universal and effective in the treatment of diseases with various etiologies. In this way, millimeter waves have crystallized into a new branch of modern biophysics and cellular studies and are used extensively in medicine and biotechnology. Thus, in the present report, we will try to describe a new original theory regarding the interaction mechanism between extremely high frequency electromagnetic waves and their biological environment. This could be quite important since so far there has not been developed a general theory on the relations between extremely high frequency/extremely low intensity electromagnetic waves and the biological environment, at various levels of organization: submolecular, molecular, cellular, the organ level or the entire organism. In this way, the present paper was designed to contribute to the development and understanding of millimeter wave’s interaction with the biological entities and to propose a new alternative biophysical and cellular mechanism to explain the biological effects inherent to the electromagnetic millimeter field.

Links between extremely high frequency electromagnetic waves and their biological manifestations

In this mini-review, we describe some of the latest facts regarding the generation of condensed base phonons by biological entities, initially described by the renowned contemporary physicist, Nobel laureate, Herbert Fr?hlich, who proposed a new biophysical interaction mechanism between extremely high frequency electromagnetic waves and the biological environment. As we will show, this extremely low intensity millimeter therapy crystallizes as an important new method, universal and effective in the management of diseases with different etiologies. Moreover, the existence of internal electromagnetic fields generated by biological entities, as well as external electromagnetic fields, are essential for understanding the electromagnetic-biological effect. In fact, it is estimated that at present millimeter-wave therapy is used for the management of more than 120 diseases in cardiology, neurology, oncology, gynecology, urology, gastroenterology, surgery, pharmacology and pediatrics. However, so far there is still no consensus regarding the interaction between extremely high frequency/extremely low intensity electromagnetic waves and the biological environment at its different levels of organization. Thus, the present paper was intended to contribute to the development for the theory of millimeter-wave interaction with living biological entities.

Mass transfer in GaAs surface layers under the action of low-intensity electromagnetic waves

Mass-transfer processes are investigated by the chemical analysis of gallium-arsenide surface layers after irradiation of the GaAs surface with low-intensity (13–25 mW) electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 75 GHz. The electromechanical stresses on the GaAs surface are shown to change under the action of radiation, and relaxation processes with the involvement of the mass transfer of charged particles arise. As a result of irradiation, islands based on the solution (Ga + As) or GaAs compounds are precipitated, and the surface bend of the basic GaAs compound changes. In this case, the mass transfer depends on the charged-particle drift under the action of voltage and on the surface self-diffusion rate under the action of mechanical stresses.

An Evaluation of the Effects of Long-term Cell Phone Use on the Testes Via Light and Electron Microscope Analysis

To investigate whether the low-intensity electromagnetic waves transmitted by cell phones cause histopathological or ultrastructural changes in the testes of rats. Wistar-Kyoto male rats were placed into either a control group or a group that was exposed to an electromagnetic field (EMF). Two cell phones with Specific Absorbation Rate values of 1.58 were placed and left off in cages that housed 15 rats included in the control group, and four cell phones were placed and left on in cages that housed 30 rats included in the experimental group. After 3 months, weights, seminiferous tubule diameters, and spermatogenic cell conditions of all testes of the rats were evaluated. One half of each testis was examined also under an electron microscope. No significant differences were observed between the testis weights, seminiferous tubule diameters, and histopathological evaluations between rats that had and had not been exposed to EMF. Electron microscope analysis revealed that the membrana propria thickness and the collagen fiber contents were increased and the capillary veins extended in the experimental group. Common vacuolization in the cytoplasm of the Sertoli cells, growth of electron-dense structures, and existence of large lipid droplets were noted as the remarkable findings of this study. Although the cells that had been exposed to long-term, low-dose EMF did not present any findings that were contrary to the control conditions, the changes observed during ultrastructural examination gave the impression that significant changes may occur if the study period were to be extended. Longer studies are needed to better understand the effects of EMFs on testis tissue.

Avaliação dos parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, hemogasométricos e da concentração plasmática de cortisol em bovinos submetidos à imobilização eletromagnética

As formas de imobilização em bovinos mais utilizadas levam a uma manipulação excessiva e consequentemente estressante para o animal. A dor é uma experiência emocional de sensação desagradável que vem associada a um prejuízo tecidual. Surge no mercado um método de contenção física para bovinos que propõe a utilização de um aparelho que funciona com ondas eletromagnéticas de baixa intensidade promovendo imobilização sem estresse e ou estímulo doloroso para o animal. O objetivo deste projeto foi avaliar os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e hemogasométricos bem como os níveis de cortisol de bovinos submetidos à imobilização eletromagnética, a fim de observar se tal método é eficaz na diminuição do estresse e/ou estímulo doloroso. Foram utilizados 6 bovinos, mestiços, peso médio de 300,3 kg (±85,76). Os animais foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos (controle dele mesmo): grupo controle (GC), introdução da sonda via retal (desligada); grupo Imobilizador (GI) introdução da sonda e permanência desta ligada por 5 minutos. Análise estatística utilizou o Teste T pareado entre os grupos (P<0,05) e a avaliação entre tempos dentro de cada grupo análise de variância de uma única via com repetições múltiplas (ANOVA - RM). Momentos avaliados M0: basal; M1: imediatamente após a retirada da sonda; M2 e M3 (30 e 60 minutos após M1 respectivamente). Houve um aumento significativo nas variáveis: frequências cardíaca e respiratória em (M1), na Pressão arterial média (M1, M2, M3) e níveis de cortisol nos momentos M1 e M2 no grupo imobilizador quando comparado ao grupo controle. Com relação à resposta ao estímulo, o GI teve resposta negativa no momento da estimulação, comparado ao GC (resposta máxima). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, podemos concluir que o imobilizador eletromagnético é um método, exclusivamente, de contenção física, não oferecendo nenhum suporte anestésico, para o conforto ou bem estar ao animal.

Les risques liés à l'usage du téléphone portable et leur représentation médiatique : l'exemple de trois quotidiens français

This study analyses how three French daily newspapers (Liberation, Le Monde, Le Figaro) convey information on the risks associated with mobile phone use in the period from 1995 to 2002. Quantitatively, the physical risks inherent to the low-intensity, electro-magnetic waves are most frequently reported, followed by those linked to mobile phone use while driving. "Social" risks, such as those related to noise or uncivil behaviour, are amongst the most rarely communicated. In general, the media present two types of physical risks connected to mobile phone use: the collective ones, which cover the low-intensity electro-magnetic waves which are emitted from the antennas on signal base stations, and the individual ones, which concem the waves produced by the mobile phone itself, and the danger associated with its use by a driver while operating a motor vehicle. Controversy surrounding the current scientific studies and the uncontrollable character of the risks linked to the low-intensity, electro-magnetic waves instill much more fear and debate than around those related to the combination of driving while talking on the telephone. While this latter point is scientifically proven, it is also subjectively under control.

Some neurotropic effects of low-intensity electromagnetic waves in rats with different typological characteristics of higher nervous activity.

The effects of low-intensity electromagnetic waves (4200 MHz, modulated with quasichaotic signals at 20-20,000 Hz, energy density 15 microW/cm2; specific energy absorption not greater than 15 mJ/kg) on the neurochemical systems of the brain and on behavioral reactions were studied in experimental animals with different typological characteristics of higher nervous activity. These studies showed that electromagnetic waves produced marked changes in the state and activity of the monoaminergic mediator systems which were in general terms concordant with changes at the integrative level (mostly selective inhibitory effects). The nature of these processes depended to a significant extent on the typological characteristics of the animals.

Vestibuloprotective and antiamnestic properties of adrenocorticotropic hormone fragments and their analogs

It is established that low-intensity electromagnetic waves of superhigh frequency and motion sickness induce in rats a retrograde amnesia revealed in the passive avoidance test. Fragments of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (4–10) and (5–10), ORG-2766 [ACTH (4–9) analog], and a domestic ACTH (4–10) analog, ACTH (4–7)-Pro-Gly-Pro (semax), in doses of 0.05–0.1 mg/kg significantly weaken the anamnestic effect of both extreme factors. Semax and ORG-2766 also possess a marked anti-motion sickness activity.