Low-intensity Aerobic Exercise Research Articles

Effects of different exercise modes and intensities on cognitive performance, adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity in mice.

Exercise can induce beneficial improvements in cognition. However, the effects of different modes and intensities of exercise have yet to be explored in detail. This study aimed to identify the effects of different exercise modes (aerobic and resistance) and intensities (low and high) on cognitive performance, adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in mice. A total of 40 C57BL/6J mice were randomised into 5 groups (n = 8 mice per group): control, low-intensity aerobic exercise, high-intensity aerobic exercise, low-intensity resistance exercise, and high-intensity resistance exercise. The aerobic exercise groups underwent treadmill training, while the resistance exercise groups underwent ladder climbing training. At the end of the exercise period, cognitive performance was assessed by the Y-maze and Barnes maze. In addition, adult hippocampal neurogenesis was evaluated immunohistochemically by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)/ neuronal nuclei (NeuN) co-labeling. The levels of synaptic plasticity-related proteins in the hippocampus, including synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), were analyzed by western blotting. Our results showed no significant differences in cognitive performance among the groups. However, high-intensity aerobic exercise significantly increased hippocampal adult neurogenesis relative to the control. A trend towards increased adult neurogenesis was observed in the low-intensity aerobic group compared to the control group. No significant changes in synaptic plasticity were observed among all groups. Our results indicate that high-intensity aerobic exercise may be the most potent stimulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

EXERCISE TRAINING IMPROVES GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS IN PEOPLE WITH A DISORDER OF THE GUT BRAIN INTERACTION (DGBI): SYSTEMIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION & AIMS Approximately 40% of the global population has criteria that meets at least one Disorder of the Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI). DGBIs are characterised by the absence of structural abnormalities, with chronic symptoms, such as pain, altered bowel movements, and nausea. Current therapy options focus on treating the major symptoms, which can involve pharmacological and lifestyle advice (diet, exercise, and stress management). The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the efficacy of exercise for improving gastrointestinal symptoms in people with a DGBI. METHODS A search of relevant databases was completed in February 2023, for randomised controlled trials that applied an exercise intervention in people with DGBI. Comparator groups included usual care, pharmacological therapy, or diet advice. A pairwise random-effects meta-analysis estimated the standardised mean difference (SMD) (Hedges’ g) between exercise and comparator groups for changes in gastrointestinal symptoms. Risk of bias was analysed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. RESULTS Ten studies published between 2004–2023 were included. Participants (n=653) were mostly female 77.6%. Eight studies included participants with irritable bowel syndrome and two included individuals with functional dyspepsia. Exercise interventions lasted an average duration of 8 weeks. The modes included yoga (n=5), low intensity (n=1) and moderate intensity aerobic exercise (n=4). Studies ranged from low to high-risk bias. Meta-analysis showed exercise interventions improved gastrointestinal symptoms (SMD=1.2, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.8; p<0.001). The effect was moderated by the intensity of exercise with moderate intensity aerobic exercise having a significant impact (SMD=1.6, 1.2 to 2.0; p<0.001) not evident with yoga and low intensity exercise interventions (SMD=0.9, -0.01 to 1.7; p=0.053). CONCLUSION Exercise interventions in people with DGBIs improve gastrointestinal symptoms. Moderate intensity aerobic exercise is more efficacious than yoga and lower intensity exercise.

Effect of low-intensity aerobic cycling ergometer on disease severity and depression of patients with myasthenia gravis in “Dr. Soetomo” General Hospital, Surabaya

Background and objectives. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness. Muscle weakness leads to impairment of daily activities and leads to psychiatric symptoms, including depression. The lack of exercise methods in MG patients is a problem in rehabilitation. This study evaluates the effect of an 8-week low-intensity aerobic exercise program on Myasthenia Gravis Composite (MGC) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores in MG patients. Materials and methods. This is a randomized controlled trial conducted from May to June 2023. Twenty subjects were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. The treatment group received low-intensity aerobic exercise with cycle ergometer 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Both groups were informed about lifestyle changes and effective breathing exercises. MGC and BDI scores were measured and compared before and after intervention. Results. In the treatment group, MGC and BDI scores was significantly decreased with strong effect size after 8 weeks (5.4 ± 2.32 to 2.4 ± 1.84, p = 0.001, Cohen’s D = 1.57; and 10.4 ± 2.88 to 5.9 ± 2.77, p = 0.001, Cohen’s D = 1.86). In the control group, MGC and BDI scores were not significantly different (5.4 ± 2.68 to 6.0 ± 2.49, p = 0.193, Cohen’s D = 0.44; and 10.4 ± 1.71 to 9.6 ± 1.65, p = 0.247, Cohen’s D = 0.39). The MGC score strongly correlated with the BDI score (r = 0.50). Conclusion. 8 weeks of low-intensity aerobic exercise with cycling ergometer reduces disease severity and depression severity in myasthenia gravis.

Comparative efficacy of different types of exercise modalities on psychiatric symptomatology in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review with network meta-analysis

This network meta-analysis investigated the effects of 8 types of physical exercises on treating positive symptoms, negative symptoms, general psychopathology, and the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score in patients with schizophrenia. The methods adhered to PRISMA guidelines and used the Cochrane risk of bias tool for quality assessment, and Stata software for data analysis. Data were sourced from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database up to August 15, 2023, following PICOS principles. A total of 25 studies including 1441 participants were analyzed. Results showed that resistance exercise seems to be effective for improving positive symptoms, while Yoga was more effective for negative symptoms. Low-intensity aerobic exercise was optimal for general psychopathology, and Yoga was effective in improving the PANSS total score. The study concluded that yoga and aerobic exercise demonstrated superior performance, but the impact of exercise on patients with schizophrenia is also influenced by individual factors and intervention dosages. Therefore, a pre-assessment of patients considering factors such as interests, hobbies, and physical capabilities is crucial for selecting appropriate exercise modalities.

Effectiveness of low-intensity aerobic exercise with assisted bicycle exercises on quality of life and lung functions in du-chenne muscular dystrophy

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by abnormalities in the dystrophin gene that affects one in every 3,500 males. In India, approximately 0.8 million were involved. Management is usually multidirectional and more focused on improving the quality of life (QOL), not mortality. Physiotherapy and exercise are an integral part of the management of DMD. Since there were no recommended exercises for DMD, there is a need to create an exercise protocol that improves the QOL. Low-intensity aerobic exercises are highly recommended for older people and are found effective. Objective: The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of low-intensity aerobic exercise with assisted bicycle exercises on QOL and lung functions in DMD. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Institute of Muscular Dystrophy and Research Centre, Jeevan Foundation, Veeravanalur, Tirunelveli Dist. Tamil Nadu, India. The institute has around 200 children with DMD. This study selected 34 children based on the criteria. I, the children, were provided with low-intensity aerobic exercise for seventeen children. Group II provided the children with assisted bicycle exercises for seventeen children. Both groups received exercises for 60 minutes and deep diaphragmatic breathing for 10 minutes. All are given a home program to the children. The total study duration is ten weeks. Results: Data were analysed following the assessment of Quality of life using DMD QoL and the Lung function using a spirometer (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/VC). All the data were collected on day 1, every two months. Parametric tests were used to compare the outcome measures. The student t value for the DMD QOL is 9.66 with p <0.001, the spirometry values of FEV1 are 7.67 with p< 0.001, and FVC is 14.78 with p < 0.001, respectively, and FEV1/VC is 10.81 with p < 0.001. Conclusion: This study concluded that low-intensity aerobic exercises and assisted bicycle training improve the QOL and lung functions. On comparing the interventions, it was found that low-intensity aerobic exercises are better improved than the assisted bicycle group.

Comparison of Low-intensity Aerobic Exercise with Assisted Bicycle Exercise on Quality of Life and Lung Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Comparison of Low-intensity Aerobic Exercise with Assisted Bicycle Exercise on Quality of Life and Lung Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Mažo intensyvumo aerobinių pratimų ir aerobinių bei pasipriešinimo pratimų veiksmingumas slaugomų pacientų skausmui, kvėpavimo funkcijai, nuovargiui ir gyvenimo kokybei

Background. In older people with multiple comorbidities, quality of life declines due to physical deterioration, which may also contribute to psychological deterioration (Nóbrega et al., 2009; Subramaniam et al., 2019). In such cases, it is important to ensure adequate physical activity, as it can improve their physical and psychological condition (Bricca et al., 2020). Physical activity including aerobic exercises, resistance exercises, and stretching exercises can improve the quality of life in elderly (López-Torres, 2019), but it remains unclear which physical exercises are more effective.
 The aim. To determine which of the physiotherapy programs - low-intensity aerobic exercises or combined aerobic and resistance exercises - are more effective in reducing pain and fatigue of nursing patients, improving respiratory indicators and quality of life.
 Methods. 20 patients 74.85±5.4 years of age participated in the study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: MIAP group - applied low-intensity aerobic exercise, APP group - aerobic and resistance exercise. Perceived pain was assessed using numerical pain scale (SAS). Respiratory function indicators were evaluated by spirometry. The multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI-20L) assessed general, physical and mental fatigue, decreased activity and motivation. The SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life.
 Results. Applying the MIAP and APP programs was significantly reduced pain, physical fatigue, improved quality of life related to physical and mental health, and respiratory indicators (p<0.05).
 Conclusions. A low-intensity aerobic exercise program was more effective in reducing fatigue, while an aerobic and resistance exercise program was more effective in improving respiratory function. Both programs were effective in improving mental and physical health-related quality of life and reducing pain.
 Keywords: physiotherapy, quality of life, pain, respiratory function, fatigue.

Effects of a Single Bout of Low and Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Function in Young Adults

Effects of a Single Bout of Low and Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Function in Young Adults

The effect of moderate and low-intensity aerobic exercise on lowering blood sugar

Problems and Purpose. The global prevalence of diabetes is on the rise, alongside other diseases related to obesity, including hypertension, heart disease and dyslipidemia. Exercise is recognized as a method to control blood sugar levels. This study aimed to investigate the impact of low and moderate-intensity sports exercises on blood sugar levels in patients. Materials and Methods. This research was a laboratory experiment following a completely randomized design. Twenty participants were enlisted for the study and divided into two groups: a control group and a moderate-intensity exercise group. The study spanned two months. Results. The results revealed a significant change in the blood sugar levels of patients who underwent low and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with a p-value of 0.001. Conclusion. This research concludes that there are notable differences in the impact of low and moderate-intensity aerobic exercises on body mass index and blood sugar levels in diabetes patients.

One episode of low intensity aerobic exercise prior to systemic AAV9 administration augments transgene delivery to the heart and skeletal muscle

IntroductionThe promising potential of adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene delivery strategies to treat genetic disorders continues to grow with an additional three AAV-based therapies recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration and dozens of others currently under evaluation in clinical trials. With these developments, it has become increasingly apparent that the high doses currently needed for efficacy carry risks of toxicity and entail enormous manufacturing costs, especially for clinical grade products. Strategies to increase the therapeutic efficacy of AAV-mediated gene delivery and reduce the minimal effective dose would have a substantial impact on this field. We hypothesized that an exercise-induced redistribution of tissue perfusion in the body to favor specific target organs via acute aerobic exercise prior to systemic intravenous (IV) AAV administration could increase efficacy.BackgroundAerobic exercise triggers an array of downstream physiological effects including increased perfusion of heart and skeletal muscle, which we expected could enhance AAV transduction. Prior preclinical studies have shown promising results for a gene therapy approach to treat Barth syndrome (BTHS), a rare monogenic cardioskeletal myopathy, and clinical studies have shown the benefit of low intensity exercise in these patients, making this a suitable disease in which to test the ability of aerobic exercise to enhance AAV transduction.MethodsWild-type (WT) and BTHS mice were either systemically administered AAV9 or completed one episode of low intensity treadmill exercise immediately prior to systemic administration of AAV9.ResultsWe demonstrate that a single episode of acute low intensity aerobic exercise immediately prior to IV AAV9 administration improves marker transgene delivery in WT mice as compared to mice injected without the exercise pre-treatment. In BTHS mice, prior exercise improved transgene delivery and additionally increased improvement in mitochondrial gene transcription levels and mitochondrial function in the heart and gastrocnemius muscles as compared to mice treated without exercise.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that one episode of acute low intensity aerobic exercise improves AAV9 transduction of heart and skeletal muscle. This low-risk, cost effective intervention could be implemented in clinical trials of individuals with inherited cardioskeletal disease as a potential means of improving patient safety for human gene therapy.

Effects of Low-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Neurophysiological and Behavioral Correlates of Cognitive Function.

Acute aerobic exercise exerts a small beneficial effect on cognition. Previous research primarily examines cognitive changes following a bout of exercise, while little is currently known about changes in cognitive performance during exercise. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effects of low-intensity cycling on cognitive function indexed by behavioral (response accuracy; reaction time) and neurocognitive (P3 mean amplitude; P3 centroid latency) responses. Twenty-seven (Mage = 22.9 ± 3.0 years old) individuals were counterbalanced into low-intensity exercise (EX) and seated control (SC) conditions spread across two testing sessions. During each condition, participants completed a 10 min resting baseline period, 20 min of either sustained cycling or seated rest, and a 20 min recovery period. Primary outcomes were assessed at 10 min intervals (five blocks total) throughout each condition via a modified visual oddball task while electroencephalography (EEG) responses were measured. Across time blocks, both conditions exhibited faster reaction times on frequent trials but reduced accuracy to rare trials, suggesting a speed-accuracy tradeoff. There were no differences between conditions in P3 centroid latency, whereas a significant reduction in P3 amplitude was observed during the 20 min exercise period compared to the control condition. Taken together, results suggest that exercise at lower doses may have minimal influence on behavioral outcomes of cognitive performance but may impact more basic measures of brain function. Information gathered from this study may aid in the development of appropriate exercise prescriptions for populations looking to specifically target cognitive function deficits.

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Variation of Oxidative Stress, hs-CRP and Cortisol Induced by Sleep Deficiency.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of sleep deficiency (SD) on oxidative stress, hs-CRP and cortisol levels and to examine the effects of different intensities of aerobic exercise on these parameters under SD conditions. Thirty-two healthy male university students participated in the study and underwent both normal sleep (NS, 8 h of sleep per night for 3 consecutive days) and SD (4 h of sleep per night for 3 consecutive days). After the SD period, the participants performed treatment for 30 min according to their assigned group [sleep supplement after SD (SSD), low-intensity aerobic exercise after SD (LES), moderate-intensity aerobic exercise after SD (MES), high-intensity aerobic exercise after SD (HES)]. Sleep-related factors were measured at NS and SD, while oxidative stress, hs-CRP and cortisol levels were measured at NS, SD and immediately after treatment by group (AT). The results showed that actual total sleep time (ATST) was significantly reduced during SD compared to NS (p < 0.001), while the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were significantly increased during SD compared to NS (p < 0.001). The difference in reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and cortisol levels showed a significant interaction effect (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively), with LES showing a decrease in d-ROMs and cortisol levels compared to SD (p < 0.05). Similarly, SSD showed a decrease in cortisol levels compared to SD (p < 0.05), while HES led to a significant increase in d-ROMs and cortisol levels compared to SD (p < 0.05). Biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and hs-CRP did not show any significant effect (p > 0.05). These results suggest that LES is the most effective exercise intensity for mitigating the negative effects of SD.

Circulating fatty acid-binding protein 4 response to acute aerobic exercise in healthy men.

This study aimed to investigate the association between changes in FABP4 concentration and hormones and metabolites levels during and after acute low- and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in healthy men. Eleven healthy men (24.4 ± 1.4 years) were administered three trials in random order: 1) low-intensity aerobic exercise trial (LE trial; acute exercise at 40% peak oxygen uptake [Vo2peak] + bed rest), 2) moderate-intensity aerobic exercise trial (ME trial: acute exercise at 60%Vo2peak + bed rest), and 3) bed rest (Con trial). Expired gas and venous blood samples were collected at baseline, and immediately, 30 and 60 min after exercise, and substrate oxidation and hormone, metabolite, and FABP4 concentrations were measured. FABP4 concentration did not increase during aerobic exercise in LE and ME trials (p > 0.05) However, FABP4 concentration significantly increased after the acute aerobic exercise in both the LE and ME trials (p ≤ 0.003). Increased FABP4 concentration after acute exercise was not correlated with adrenaline, noradrenaline, other hormone, and metabolite concentration changes. These findings suggest that FABP4 concentration increases after acute aerobic exercise independently of exercise intensity. Furthermore, increased FABP4 concentration after acute aerobic exercise may not be involved in the magnitude of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and lipolytic response.

The effect of exercise intensity on the inflammatory profile of cancer survivors: A randomised crossover study.

Systemic inflammation has been clearly linked to poorer health outcomes from cancer diagnosis through to survivorship. There is accumulating evidence that exercise can reduce inflammation. However, the optimal intensity of exercise to reduce systemic inflammation is unknown. The aim of this randomised crossover study was to identify the difference between high- and low-intensity aerobic exercise on the inflammatory profile of cancer survivors after a single exercise session (acute) and a short training period (six sessions over 2 weeks). Participants (n=20) were randomised to either low- or high-intensity exercise. They underwent 2 weeks of stationary cycling at their assigned intensity and then underwent a 6-week washout period of no exercise before returning to complete 2 weeks of exercise at the remaining intensity. Twenty participants with a mean age of 56.4 (±9.4) years were enrolled and completed the intervention. There was no effect of exercise intensity after a single exercise session. After 2 weeks of training, there was a significant effect of intensity on chemokines CCL2 (mean difference ± SEM; 13.2pg/mL ± 5.0, p=.04) and CXCL12 (150.3pg/mL ± 51.8, p=.02), where CCL2 was decreased after low-intensity exercise and CXCL12 decreased after high-intensity exercise. Our data suggest that while exercise intensity may impact different cell types in the circulation, both low- and high-intensity exercise can positively modulate inflammatory markers. The potential to scale up low-intensity exercise over time is likely to be more broadly applicable and achievable for cancer survivor cohorts while still eliciting beneficial effects on systemic inflammation.

저강도 유산소 운동을 병행한 크로스핏 운동이 체구성, 운동수행력 그리고 유산소성 능력에 미치는 영향

Purpose: We investigated the effects of Cross-Fit exercise combiningo lw-intensity aerobic exercise on body composition, exercise performance, and aerobic ability of adult males with high-intensity exercise experience.BR Method: Subjects consisted of 20 adult male patients. Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: CrossFit group (CFG, n=10) ; CrossFit combining low-intensity aerobic exercise group C(FCG, n=10). The CrossFit combining low-intensity aerobic exercise consisted of warm up (10 min), CrossFit (20 min), low intensity aerobic exercise (20min) and cool down (10 min).T his training is performed 4 days per week for 8 weeks.BR Results: In the present result, weight showed significant differences between groups and group-time interactions, but muscle mass and body fat percentage did not show significant differences. There was a significant difference in exercise performance between periods and group-time interactions. Also, the 2000m rowing time and maximal oxygen intake showed significant differences.BR Conclusion: These findings indicate that 8 weeks of CrossFit combining lwo-intensity aerobic exercise can be effective in terms of improving body composition and physical ability for adult males.

Physical Activity and Post-COVID-19 Syndrome in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Background: Physical activity (PA) may play a significant role in managing post-Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 syndrome, a significant public health concern among older adults. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence on post-COVID-19 symptoms, signs, risk factors, and the effects of PA programs in managing post-COVID-19 syndrome among older adults. Method: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendation. The systematic search was conducted in August 2022 using Scopus and MEDLINE (via PubMed) databases. Results: There were 51 documents screened, among which 10 (7 observational and 3 experimental studies) met the selection criteria. The reported post-COVID-19 symptoms and signs associated with physical health included dyspnea, fatigue, diarrhea, and sarcopenia, abnormal lung function, cardiac pathology, immunological changes, reduced physical performance, respectively, while those associated with mental health included depression, poor concentration and memory, and anxiety. Patients with higher body mass indexes were more likely to experience more symptoms. Older patients had greater difficulties in performing daily activities and mobility. A multidisciplinary-based PA program is suggested to be feasible and effective in improving fatigue, ability to walk, balance, and cognitive function. For patients with sarcopenia, a low-intensity aerobic training exercise appears to improve muscle strength, kinesiophobia, and quality of life. Conclusion: Various post-COVID-19 symptoms have been reported along with their risk factors, and PA programs are potentially used for managing these symptoms. More research, however, is recommended to explore the PA program for specific post-COVID-19 symptoms.

Synergic Effects of Rosemary Extract and Aerobic Exercise on Sperm Parameters and Testicular Tissue in an Aged Rat Model

Background: Aging, which has globally increased, reduces male fertility and damages the testes. The effect of aerobic exercises and the use of medicinal plants like rosemary on fertility remains controversial. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rosemary extract and exercise on testicular tissue. Methods: In this study, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: (1) control group (without treatment); (2) gavage group [received the solvent of rosemary extract (distilled water) and put on a turned-off treadmill for 10 minutes daily]; (3) exercise group (put on a turned-on treadmill based on an exercise protocol for 12 weeks); (4) extract group (received 100 mg/kg of rosemary extract for 12 weeks); (5) exercise and extract group (received 100 mg/kg of rosemary extract and concurrently put on a turned-on treadmill for 12 weeks). After the treatment, the testis tissue of rats was collected, and the seminiferous tubular diameter, luminal diameter, and epithelial height were analyzed. Also, spermatogenic lineage was counted in different groups. Results: The tubal diameter and epithelial height significantly increased following the consumption of rosemary extract and exercise training compared with the control group (P &lt; 0.01). Also, a significant increase was observed in the luminal diameter in the exercise group compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.01). The rosemary extract and exercise training significantly increased the number of spermatogonia cells (P &lt; 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the number of primary spermatocyte and spermatozoa cells among the different groups (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: Generally, low-intensity aerobic exercise improved testicular histomorphology parameters. However, rosemary extract had no positive effects as an aerobic exercise on male fertility during aging.

Intensity of arm swing exercise with music-movement synchrony in untrained young adults

IntroductionThe research aimed to study the intensity of arm swing exercise (ASE) with different tempi of music-movement synchrony in untrained young adults and to investigate the effect of different music tempi on heart rate and oxygen consumption.MethodsParticipants were 30 healthy volunteers (15 males and 15 females), 20.67 ± 1.37 years and low-to-moderate physical activity. They performed ASE synchronised with music at a tempo of 60 and 140 bpm with a random sequence. They were measured for heart rate and oxygen consumption using a Quark SPIRO (COSMED) before and after the ASE for 6 minutes of each tempo. They rested for at least 15 minutes between music tempi during the ASE. The intensity of ASE with music-movement synchrony of each tempo was calculated as a percentage of maximum heart rate (%HRmax) and percentage maximum oxygen consumption (%VO&lt;sub&gt;2max&lt;/sub&gt;).ResultsThe %HRmax of all participants post-ASE at 60 and 140 bpm were 58.64 ± 8.82 and 60.12 ± 8.95%, respectively. The %VO&lt;sub&gt;2max&lt;/sub&gt; of all participants post-ASE at 60 and 140 bpm were 38.65 ± 11.36 and 40.17 ± 10.71%, respectively. There was no significant difference in HR and VO2 of ASE between music tempi.ConclusionsThe ASE with music-movement synchrony at 60 and 140 bpm is a low-intensity aerobic exercise, so is a suitable choice for people with low physical activity. Furthermore, the faster tempo did not significantly alter the intensity, therefore, we recommend selecting the slower music tempo at 60 bpm to avoid repetitive shoulder joint injury.

The Impact of Low-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Female Volleyball Players Following Partial Sleep Deprivation

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of low-intensity aerobic exercise on cognitive performance in female volleyball players following partial sleep deprivation. Methods: A total of 21 elite female volleyball players (mean age: 23.6 ± 2.9 years; mean BMI: 19.1 ± 1.8) participated in a balanced, randomized design, undergoing two conditions: PSD and exercise in the morning following PSD (PSDE). Prior to the study, participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality. Cognitive performance was assessed using computerized neurocognitive tests from the Vienna system, including movement detection time (MDT), visual pursuit test (VPT), and cognitrone test (COG). Data analysis was performed using paired student's t-tests. Results: The findings revealed a notable decline in reaction time (RT) (p=0.004), median cognitive reaction (MCR) (p=0.001), and median motor time (MMT) (p=0.01) in the PSD condition when compared to PSDE. However, there were no significant changes observed in processing speed (number of correct responses and rejections) and selective attention (mean time for correct responses and rejections) in the PSDE condition (p≥0.05). It is crucial to highlight that PSD had a detrimental impact on the cognitive performance of elite female players. Conclusions: Although partial sleep deprivation negatively affected the cognitive performance of volleyball players, engaging in low-intensity aerobic exercise following partial nocturnal sleep deprivation may attenuate these detrimental effects.

Effects Of Aerobic Exercise Intensity Levels On Blood Lipids And Lipoprotein Profiles Of Male Adolescents

PURPOSE: o evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise of different intensity levels on lipid profiles of male adolescents. METHODS: A pre-test and post-test design, in which 45 randomly selected male collegiate adolescents, aged 14-17 years were divided into three groups; low, moderate and high-intensity groups with 15 participants, respectively. Participants underwent anthropometric measurements and were tested for serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) at pre/and posttest at baseline, on 6th and 12th weeks of training. The low, moderate and high-intensity groups, with the moderation of time per session, covered a constant distance of 1.5 km with heart rate maximum (HRmax) of 40-54% at 32 minutes, 2.4 km with HRmax at 42 minutes, 3.2 km with HRmax of 75-90% at 47 minutes, respectively. RESULTS: The low intensity aerobic exercise indicated significant effect of jogging exercise on lipid profiles of male adolescents with TC (F (2, 14) = 3.74 < 0.004), TG (F (2, 14) = 3.74 < 0.002), LDL-C (F (2, 14) = 3.74 < 0.007) and HDL-C (F (2, 14) = 3.74 < 0.003). Moderate intensity aerobic exercise showed significant effects on TC (F (2, 14) = 3.74 < 0.000), TG (F (2, 14) = 3.74 < 0.005), LDL-C (F (2, 14) = 3.74 < 0.008), and HDL-C (F (2, 14) = 3.74 < 0.000), while high intensity aerobic exercise showed significant effects on TC (F (2, 14) = 3.74 < 0.001), TG (F (2, 14) = 3.74 < 0.000), LDL-C (F (2, 14) = 3.74 < 0.008), and HDL-C (F (2, 14) = 3.74 < 0.009) of male adolescent. There was significant effects of aerobic exercise of different intensity levels on atherogenic index plasma (AIP) in low intensity group (F (2, 14) = 3.74 < 0.006), moderate intensity group (F (2, 14) = 3.74 < 0.002), and high intensity group ((F (2, 14) = 3.74 < 0.005). Cardiac risk ratio (CRR) was only significant in the low intensity exercise (F (2, 14) = 3.74 < 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in TC, TG, LDL-C, and increased HDL-C demonstrates regular jogging can potentially reduce the risk for cardiovascular diseases and lessen atherosclerosis risk in male adolescents; therefore should be encouraged as a non-pharmacological measure in preventing the onset of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and cardiovascular diseases in adolescents.