Low Intake Of Vitamin Research Articles

Nutritional profiling of frail and obese, community dwelling older subjects: Results from a national survey.

Less attention has been given to the detection and nutritional status and needs of obese frail/sarcopenic older subjects. The aim of this study was to characterize the nutritional composition in older (≥65years), frail-prone, obese subjects (defined by either waist circumference [WC] or body mass index [BMI]). A cross-sectional study with analysis of the national survey "Mabat Zahav". Random sample of 1751 community dwelling Israeli older adults (≥65years). Eleven nutritional factors formerly linked to frailty were a-priori selected based on the current literature. Data was extracted from a 24-hour dietary recall. Adherence for each nutritional factor was defined using the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI), and aggregated into a sum score of the overall adherence (ranging from "0" to "11", where "fair" adherence was defined as ≥6; inadequate adherence otherwise). Frailty likelihood was estimated using a validated non-direct model, and associations of nutritional factors with frailty-likelihood in obese vs non-obese individuals were examined. Additionally, a decision tree procedure based on machine learning was applied in order to capture nutritional factors related to frailty, stratified by gender, as well as by WC and/or BMI. Overall, the prevalence rates of frailty and pre-frailty were 7.1 and 57.6%, respectively. A "fair nutritional adherence" was less common among frail-prone compared to robust subjects (23.1% vs. 32.1%; p<0.0001). The intake of most frailty-related nutritional factors did not co-segregate according to the presence of abdominal or BMI-defined obesity. Still, compared to robust normal/overweight subjects, frail-prone obese (by BMI) individuals had a higher rate of inadequate nutritional adherence (odds-ratio 1.842; p<0.05). Of all 11 nutritional factors, folate in obese women and vitamin A (as retinol) and calcium in non-obese and obese men, respectively, were recognized as the most prominent predictors of frail-prone prevalence by the machine learning process. Although BMI was more closely associated with impaired intake of the 11 selected nutritional components than WC, this association was eliminated when frailty status, low income and education were considered. Frail-prone subjects differed from robust subjects in their nutritional intake. Nutritional inadequacies related to frailty-likelihood were mostly seen among obese women and non-obese men. In the prediction of inadequate adherence to the DRI of 11 nutritional components, obesity is a weaker predictor than frailty, lower education and low income in older Israeli adults.

Differences in Dietary Intake and Vitamin and Mineral Status of Infants and Children on Dialysis Receiving Feeds or Eating Normal Food

Knowledge of the vitamin and mineral intake and status of children on dialysis is scarce. Guidelines suggest supplementation of water-soluble vitamins, but the need for supplementation of minerals is less clear. We evaluated vitamin and mineral intake and status of children on chronic dialysis in our center. We reviewed patient records of all 33 children aged 0-16years who were treated with chronic dialysis at a University Hospital between December 2014 and August 2019. Dietary intake was estimated from feed prescriptions and 3-day food records. Vitamin and mineral determinations were performed as part of routine care. Food records or adherence to dietary prescription of feeds were available for 29 children. Dietary intake of most nutrients was sufficient in children on feeds, but children not on feeds had low intakes of vitamins D, B1, B2, and B6 as well as zinc, iron, and calcium from their diet. Insufficient intake was corrected with supplementation. We discovered some children with blood concentrations below the reference range for vitamins D (3.1%) and C (15.4%) and copper (16.7%) and selenium (3.1%). In contrast, various proportions of children with blood concentrations above the reference range were detected for all nutrients apart from vitamin D. In our study, children receiving sufficient amounts of renal-specific feeds to meet at least 100% of age-specific requirements do not appear to need multivitamin-mineral supplementation, apart from vitamin D and calcium; in addition, children on PD usually need a sodium supplement and, on rare occasions with low intake from feeds, a phosphate supplement is needed. This study further revealed that other children at our center are more prone to deficient intakes of several vitamins and minerals, requiring supplementation based on dietetic review and, in some instances, laboratory measurements.

Energy and Nutrient Intake and Associated Factors Among Pastoral Children in Southern Ethiopia.

A better understanding of nutrient intakes and predicting factors will help in designing more effective programs that address the nutrition requirements of pastoral children. Dietary diversity score (DDS) and amounts of food items consumed were recorded for 538 children aged 6 to 59 months from August to October 2015. The nutrient contents per 100 grams of foods consumed by children were calculated. Median energy and nutrient intakes of children were calculated and compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended nutrient intakes (RNI). The effects of various factors on the median energy adequacy ratio (EAR) and on nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) were analyzed using logistic regression. Children had low DDS (2.7) with diets dominated by dairy and cereal preparations. Thus, only a few children received the minimum DDS (11.7%) and minimum acceptable diet (5%). Most of the children had low intakes of energy, vitamins (C, B, A, folic acid), iron, and zinc. Autonomy of mothers in decision-making, nonpastoral incomes, crop cultivation, and keeping diverse livestock species had positive effects on nutrient intakes. Children living in villages closer to markets and those aged 6 to 23 months had better NAR than others. The median EAR was higher for children aged 6 to 23 months, when households possessing more animal species and engaged in crop cultivation compared to others. Study children had lower DDS than WHO standards and intakes of several micronutrients were inadequate. Variables associated with median EAR and NAR point to those in need of improvement.

Causes of Vitamin K Deficiency in Patients on Haemodialysis.

Background: A low vitamin K status is common in patients on haemodialysis, and this is considered one of the reasons for the accelerated atherosclerosis in these patients. The vitamin is essential in activation of the protein Matrix Gla Protein (MGP), and the inactive form, dp-ucMGP, is used to measure vitamin K status. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible underlying causes of low vitamin K status, which could potentially be low intake, washout during dialysis or inhibited absorption capacity. Moreover, the aim was to investigate whether the biomarker dp-ucMGP is affected in these patients. Method: Vitamin K intake was assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and absorption capacity by means of D-xylose testing. dp-ucMGP was measured in plasma before and after dialysis, and phylloquinine (vitamin K1) and dp-ucMGP were measured in the dialysate. Changes in dp-ucMGP were measured after 14 days of protein supplementation. Results: All patients had plasma dp-ucMGP above 750 pmol/L, and a low intake of vitamin K. The absorption capacity was normal. The difference in dp-ucMGP before and after dialysis was −1022 pmol/L (p < 0.001). Vitamin K1 was not present in the dialysate but dp-ucMGP was at a high concentration. The change in dp-ucMGP before and after protein supplementation was −165 pmol/L (p = 0.06). Conclusion: All patients had vitamin K deficiency. The reason for the low vitamin K status is not due to removal of vitamin K during dialysis or decreased absorption but is plausibly due to a low intake of vitamin K in food. dp-ucMGP is washed out during dialysis, but not affected by protein intake to a clinically relevant degree.

Association of Dietary Micronutrient Intake with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment Failure Rate: ACohort Study.

Malnutrition is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) treatment failure. Currently, there is no effective adjunctive nutritional therapy. The current objective is to investigate the association of dietary micronutrient intake with PTB treatment outcome.A cohort study including 1834 PTB patients was conducted in Linyi, China. The dietary micronutrient intake was assessed through a three-day 24 h dietary recall questionnaire. The treatment outcome was assessed by combinations of sputum smear and computerized tomography results. A multivariate binary regression model was used to assess the associations. The final model was adjusted for potential confounding factors. A low intake of vitamin C (adjusted OR (95% CI): 1.80 (1.07, 3.04), Ptrend = 0.02) and Zn (adjusted OR (95% CI): 2.52 (1.25, 5.08), Ptrend = 0.02) was associated with a high treatment failure rate. In addition, a low intake of vitamin C and Mn was associated with a severe tuberculosis symptom, as indicated by a high TB score. A supplementation of vitamin C and Zn may be beneficial in PTB treatment. Previous meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported a null effect of Zn supplementation on PTB treatment. The effect of vitamin C supplementation should be investigated by RCTs.

Diet in pregnant women that delivered prematurely and preterm newborn’s bone status

Objectives Inadequate maternal dietary pattern has been associated to negative pregnancy and fetal outcomes. With this study, we aimed to evaluate the adequacy of diet in pregnant women that delivered prematurely and its possible correlations with bone status of preterm newborns. Study design We prospectively enrolled women who delivered prematurely (≤than 34 gestational weeks) and their newborns (Neonatal Intensive Care, University Hospital of Padova) from January 2017 to May 2018. Maternal nutritional status and diet supplementations were assessed using a validated questionnaire. The preterm newborns were evaluated with anthropometric measurements and bone status by Quantitative Ultrasound of the second metacarpal bone within 72 h from birth. Results One hundred and eighty mothers and 202 preterm newborns were evaluated. The mothers assumed more calories, proteins, total lipids and simple sugars compared to the revised National Guidelines. The intake of calcium, phosphorus and Vitamin D was inadequate despite the use of multivitamin supplements. The mothers assumption of vitamin D and zinc positively correlated with bone status and mothers with very low intake of vitamin D during gestation (<7 µg/die) had preterm newborns with a worst bone status at birth compared to those with a better intake (>7 µg/die). Conclusions Nutrition of pregnant women could be improved and maternal intakes of Vitamin D and zinc positively correlated with preterm newborn’s bone status.

The Determinant of Vitamin D Adequacy in Fishermen

Background: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in both developed and developing countries are 30% - 75% with increased risk reported among women, elderly, obese individuals and those with low sun exposure. Fisherman has been acknowledged as an occupation with high sun exposure. However, a previous study showed that 4 in 5 fishermen were vitamin D deficient. The objective of this study is to investigate vitamin D intake and sun exposure among fishermen.&#x0D; Method: This cross-sectional study recruited fishermen residing in the working area of several public health centres in Mataram and West Lombok districts. The subjects were classified as fishermen and non-fishermen. Vitamin D intake and sun exposure were the the main variables.&#x0D; Results: One in two fishermen and three in four non-fishermen exhibited low intake of vitamin D. Fish intake in the fisherman and the non-fisherman groups were 937 gram per week and 652 gram per week, respectively. The most consumed fish was tuna. Fish intake of 937 gram per week was equivalent to ~12 µg vitamin D intake and 23.6 nmol/L vitamin D concentration. The majority of subjects were unable to achieve the optimal UVB radiation. &#x0D; Conclusion: Insufficient vitamin D intake and limited sun exposure are prevalent in fisherman and non-fisherman groups.

Vitamin K2 Modulates Vitamin D-Induced Mechanical Properties of Human 3D Bone Spheroids In Vitro.

ABSTRACTRotational culture promotes primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) to form three‐dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids with bone tissue‐like structure without any scaffolding material. Cell‐based bone models enable us to investigate the effect of different agents on the mechanical strength of bone. Given that low dietary intake of both vitamin D and K is negatively associated with fracture risk, we aimed to assess the effect of these vitamins in this system. Osteospheres of hOBs were generated with menaquinone‐4 (MK‐4; 10μM) and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3; 0.01μM], alone and in combination, or without vitamins. The mechanical properties were tested by nanoindentation using a flat‐punch compression method, and the mineralized extracellular bone matrix was characterized by microscopy. The in vitro response of hOBs to MK‐4 and 25(OH)D3 was further evaluated in two‐dimensional (2D) cultures and in the 3D bone constructs applying gene expression analysis and multiplex immunoassays. Mechanical testing revealed that 25(OH)D3 induced a stiffer and MK‐4 a softer or more flexible osteosphere compared with control. Combined vitamin conditions induced the same flexibility as MK‐4 alone. Enhanced levels of periostin (p < 0.001) and altered distribution of collagen type I (COL‐1) were found in osteospheres supplemented with MK‐4. In contrast, 25(OH)D3 reduced COL‐1, both at the mRNA and protein levels, increased alkaline phosphatase, and stimulated mineral deposition in the osteospheres. With the two vitamins in combination, enhanced gene expression of periostin and COL‐1 was seen, as well as extended osteoid formation into the central region and increased mineral deposition all over the area. Moreover, we observed enhanced levels of osteocalcin in 2D and osteopontin in 3D cultures exposed to 25(OH)D3 alone and combined with MK‐4. In conclusion, the two vitamins seem to affect bone mechanical properties differently: vitamin D enhancing stiffness and K2 conveying flexibility to bone. These effects may translate to increased fracture resistance in vivo. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

LEVELS OF VITAMIN C IN CHAIN SMOKERS

Introduction: Cigarette smoking induces many chronic illnesses, but in developed countries it is a preventable risk factor. However, by increasing the protective protection mechanism, it may be possible to alleviate the smoke-induced damage. As smoking risk is minimised by vitamin C intake, it is recommended that smokers should take more vitamin C. This inverse correlation between both vitamin C intake and serum levels and smoking was independent of age, sex, body weight, ethnicity, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. The negative association between cigarette smoking and serum vitamin C levels continued, following further adjustment for dietary vitamin C intake. The risk of severe hypovitaminosis C, especially when not accompanied by vitamin supplementation, has been increased in smokers. These data indicate that the inverse relationship between smoking and serum vitamin C levels exists independently of dietary intake, while smoking adversely affects preferences for vitamin C rich foods.&#x0D; Methods: A survey method was performed, with 50 smokers (S) receiving either 500 mg of vitamin C or placebo (P) daily for 4 weeks, and 50 non-smokers receiving vitamin C without supplementation. All finished the hearing. Both groups were equal and C: 14.2 + /- 1.8 pack-years was the amount of cigarettes smoked. Concentrations of plasma vitamin C increased significantly (p &lt; 0.005) only in the vitamin C supplement community. &#x0D; Results: At SMHRC Hospital Nagpur, we examined the relationship between smoking and vitamin C status, dietary and serum vitamin C levels of 100 participants. Smokers of 20 cigarettes a day had the lowest dietary intake of vitamin C and serum levels, whereas smokers of 1-19 cigarettes a day had lower intake of vitamin C and serum levels (compared to respondents who had never smoked. This inverse correlation between vitamin C and smoking intake and serum levels was independent of age, sex, body weight, race, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. The negative association between cigarette smoking and serum vitamin C levels continued, following further adjustment for dietary vitamin C intake. In smokers, the risk of severe hypo-vitaminosis C, particularly when not accompanied by vitamin supplementation, has increased.&#x0D; Conclusion: These data indicate that the inverse relationship between smoking and serum vitamin C levels exists independently of dietary intake, while smoking adversely affects preferences for vitamin C rich foods. A balanced diet for smokers will obtain a hearty recommendation at this time, but guidelines should remain cautious about high-dose nutrition supplements.&#x0D; Keywords: Chain Smoker, Vitamin C, hypo-vitaminosis C and cigarette.

Paediatric osteoporosis: features of skeletal mineralization in children, prevention, and treatment

The prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in children is an urgent problem of pediatrics and pediatric endocrinology. This is due to the need for preventive measures for the formation of adequate bone mass and bone strength, the duration of rehabilitation during the development of the disease and the occurrence of fractures, as well as the requirements for optimizing the treatment of this pathology in childhood.Bone tissue is a dynamic and constantly updated system. The main regulators of osteogenesis include trace elements (calcium, phosphorus, zinc, fluorine, etc.), vitamin D, hormones (parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, growth hormone, corticosteroids, etc.), growth factors (IRF-1, IRF-2, ERF, FRF, etc.), local bone-resorbing factors (IL-1, IL-6, TNF, PGE, etc.) and mechanical stress. Remodeling processes continue throughout life, but are most intense until 18 years of age.The most important risk factors for developing osteoporosis are a history of prematurity and / or IUGR, rickets, low intake of protein, calcium and vitamin D, weight deficiency, periods of active growth, low physical activity, endocrine diseases (diabetes mellitus, growth hormone deficiency, hypogonadism, etc.), somatic pathology (chronic diseases of the kidneys, liver, malabsorption), taking certain medications (GCS, anticonvulsants, cytostatics, etc.). Clinical manifestations of osteoporosis in children include signs of tissue calcium deficiency (trophic changes in the nails, hair and tooth enamel, paresthesia, pain in the calf muscles) and a decrease in bone mineralization (impaired posture, slowed growth, pain in the spine and large joints, pathological low-energy fractures) Measures to prevent osteoporosis in childhood include regular physical activity, a balanced diet, adequate insolation, and the identification and treatment of somatic pathology. Additional pharmacological correction is carried out in risk groups – the recommended course use of preparations containing vitamin D, calcium and other osteotropic minerals.The treatment of osteoporosis in children and adolescents is actively debated. A mandatory component of therapy are calcium salts in combination with vitamin D. The possibility of using bisphosphonates is being examined, the effect of monoclonal antibodies (denosumab), somatropin and anabolic steroids on bone metabolism is being studied. In addition, non-pharmacological methods are prescribed - orthopedic correction for fractures, exercise therapy, gymnastics, therapeutic swimming and massage.

Low intakes of vitamins C and A are associated with obesity in early adulthood.

To evaluate the relationships between the intake of individual antioxidants as well as the dietary antioxidant quality score and obesity-related measures. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 562 young adults. Fat mass, fat-mass percentage, and fat-free mass were measured using a body composition analyzer. The intake of antioxidant nutrients including vitamins C, E, and A, selenium, zinc, and magnesium were calculated based on a 72-hour diet recall interview. We observed significant differences in the vitamin C (88.6±72.6mg/day vs. 70.7±60.6mg/day, p=0.010), vitamin A (635.8±519.8μg/day vs. 492.6±318.9μg/day, p=0.014), and selenium (135.3±88.7μg/day vs. 139.3±79.3μg/day, p=0.034) intake between normal-weight and overweight or obese young adults. When the Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score (DAQS) was analyzed, there were no significant differences between normal-weight versus overweight or obese young adults after adjusting for confounders. Logistic regression analysis revealed that vitamin C intake (odds ratio (OR) 0.995, 95% CI 0.992-0.999, p=0.013) and vitamin A intake (OR 0.999, 95% CI 0.999-1.000, p=0.016) were independent predictors of overweight/obesity after adjusting for age, sex and energy intake. In contrast, a higher selenium intake was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity (OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.000-1.006, p=0.034). Future longitudinal investigations of dietary antioxidant intake in relation to the development of obesity would be of interest to better understand the effect of dietary antioxidants on obesity.

Quarantine during COVID-19 outbreak: Changes in diet and physical activity increase the risk of cardiovascular disease

AimsCoV-19/SARS-CoV-2 is a highly pathogenic virus that is causing a global pandemic with a high number of deaths and infected people. To contain the diffusion of infection, several governments have enforced restrictions on outdoor activities or even collective quarantine on the population. The present commentary briefly analyzes the effects of quarantine on lifestyle, including nutrition and physical activity and the impact of new technologies in dealing with this situation. Data synthesisQuarantine is associated with stress and depression leading to unhealthy diet and reduced physical activity. A diet poor in fruit and vegetables is frequent during isolation, with a consequent low intake of antioxidants and vitamins. However, vitamins have recently been identified as a principal weapon in the fight against the Cov-19 virus. Some reports suggest that Vitamin D could exert a protective effect on such infection. During quarantine, strategies to further increase home-based physical activity and to encourage adherence to a healthy diet should be implemented. The WHO has just released guidance for people in self-quarantine, those without any symptoms or diagnosis of acute respiratory illness, which provides practical advice on how to stay active and reduce sedentary behavior while at home. ConclusionQuarantine carries some long-term effects on cardiovascular disease, mainly related to unhealthy lifestyle and anxiety. Following quarantine, a global action supporting healthy diet and physical activity is mandatory to encourage people to return to a good lifestyle routine.

Examining Nutrient Adequacy, Iron Deficiency, and Anemia in US Children 1–3 Years of Age Using Data From NHANES 2001–2016

Abstract Objectives To assess nutrient intake adequacy from foods and beverages and to examine iron deficiency and anemia status in young US children. Methods National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for 2001–2016 in children 1–3 years of age were analyzed for mean dietary intake of individual nutrients (n = 5579), serum ferritin (n = 2498), and hemoglobin (n = 3919). Separate analyses for age groups 1–3 and 1–2 years were performed for gender combined and males/females separately. Dietary adequacy was assessed by comparing against estimated average requirements (EARs) and adequate intakes (AIs) as established by the IOM, as well as global recommendations for docosahexaenoic acid (DHAGR). Iron deficiency and anemia status were determined using ferritin (&amp;lt;10 ng/mL) and hemoglobin (&amp;lt;11 g/dL), respectively. Results The percentage of the population with intakes below the EAR for vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, and iron were 82.7%, 70.9%, 3.6%, and 0.87% of children 1–3 years gender combined, respectively. Only 1% of children in this age group had fiber intakes greater than the AI. In addition, 97.6%-99.3% of these children did not meet the DHAGR of 70–100 mg/day. Similar results were found in the other age/gender groups. Compared to males, females had lower intakes of vitamin D, calcium and fiber, regardless of age. An estimated 6.9% of all children 1–3 years and 8.5% of all children 1–2 years appeared to be iron deficient. In comparison with other races/ethnicities sampled, Hispanic children appeared to have the highest (8.9% 1–3 years; 11.6% 1–2 years) and Non-Hispanic Black children (4.2% 1–3 years; 6.0% 1–2 years) the lowest rates of iron deficiency. Furthermore, 3.5% of all children 1–3 years and 4.3% of all children 1–2 years met the criteria for anemia. Conclusions Overall, dietary intake of US children 1–3 years of age appears to be adequate with the exception of vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium and fiber. Although iron intake was found to be adequate in this population, iron deficiency, as indicated by ferritin status, was still identified at 6.9% of children 1–3 years. Anemia as indicated by hemoglobin status was also identified. DHA intake was below recommendations for nearly all children. More research is needed to investigate these findings. Funding Sources Mead Johnson Nutrition/RB.

Low Intakes of Iodine and Selenium Amongst Vegan and Vegetarian Women Highlight a Potential Nutritional Vulnerability.

Vegan and vegetarian diets are becoming increasingly popular in the UK. Due to the avoidance of animal products there can be significant differences in nutrient intakes between meat-eaters and vegetarians, and especially vegans. Importantly, research has identified that both vegans and vegetarians may be vulnerable to low intakes of some micronutrients. The aim of this study was to investigate micronutrient intake in omnivorous, vegetarian and vegan women. In total, 62 women (26 omnivores, 16 vegetarians, 20 vegans, mean age 31.6 ± 12.4 y, mean BMI 24.1 ± 1.6 kg/m2) completed 4-day diet diaries. Diet intake data was analyzed using Nutritics and nutrient intake levels were compared with national dietary recommendations (RNIs). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with differences between the groups identified using ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni correction. All groups recorded intakes of vitamin D, iron, iodine and selenium below RNI. The vegan group had significantly lower intakes of vitamin D, vitamin B12, calcium, selenium and iodine than vegetarians and omnivores (p < 0.05), with particularly low intakes of selenium (24.7 ± 11.9 μg) and iodine (24.4 ± 12.7 μg). These results suggest that adult women in the UK are at risk of low intakes of several vitamins and minerals, with the exclusion of animal products conferring an additional vulnerability, particularly with respect to selenium and iodine, both of which play important roles in thyroid hormone production. This study highlights iodine and selenium intakes to be a concern amongst women who follow vegan diets, and the necessity of further research to identify if low intake translates to biochemical markers and functional status.

Associations between dietary consumption and sleep quality in young Japanese males

Poor sleep quality has been reported to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, as well as mental disorders including depression and anxiety. However, few studies have investigated the association between sleep quality and diet in young males. We aimed to assess this association, adjusting for psychological factors. In this study, a total of 124 male Japanese students were analyzed. Sleep quality, diet, and psychological symptoms were assessed using self-reported questionnaires, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ), 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) A-Trait scale. Among participants, 40% exhibited a PSQI total score≥6, indicating poor sleep quality. Poor sleep quality was associated with poor mental health status and higher levels of anxiety. After adjusting for covariates including these psychological factors, poor sleep quality was significantly associated with low intakes of fat, beta-carotene, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, vitamin K, vitamin B1, daidzein, genistein, and iron. Poor sleep quality was also associated with low intake of pulses, fat and oil, as well as high intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages. Our findings demonstrated that sleep quality among young Japanese males was associated with specific dietary features, independently of psychological status, which may help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the link between sleep and sleep-related diseases.

Metabolism and Immune Modulation in Patients with Solid Tumors: Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence.

Several immunotherapy agents are the standard of care of many solid malignancies. Nevertheless, the majority of patients do not benefit from the currently available immunotherapies. It is therefore of paramount importance to identify the prognostic and predictive factors of tumor response/resistance and to design effective therapeutic strategies to overcome primary resistance and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. The aim of this review is to underline the influence of the tumor and host metabolism on the antitumor immune response and to discuss possible strategies to improve the efficacy of available treatments by targeting the specific metabolic pathways in tumors or immune cells and by modifying patients’ nutritional statuses. A systematic search of the Medline and EMBASE databases was carried out to identify scientific papers published until February 2020, which reported original research articles on the influence of tumor or host metabolism on antitumor immune response. The literature data showed the key role of glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, arginine, tryptophan, glutamine, lipid metabolism and microbiome on immune cell function. Moreover, specific nutritional behaviors, such as a low dietary intake of vitamin C, low glycemic index and alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, ornithine ketoglutarate, tryptophan and probiotic supplementation were associated with the potential clinical benefits from the currently available immunotherapies.

Are Households in Kiribati Nutrition Secure? A Case Study of South Tarawa and Butaritari.

This study assessed the nutritional status among householders in urban South Tarawa and rural Butaritari in Kiribati. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed energy and nutrient intakes, food variety scores, and dietary diversity scores of men and women from 468 households randomly selected in South Tarawa (n = 161) and Butaritari (n = 307) using a 24-hour dietary recall. Nutrient adequacy ratios and mean adequacy ratios of selected nutrients were also determined from 3-day weighed food records collected among participants living in a further 28 households from South Tarawa (n = 29) and Butaritari (n = 44). Based on the 24-hour dietary recall, the average energy intake for men and women was 2536 kcals and 2068 kcals, respectively. Carbohydrate (CHO), fat, and protein intakes for men and women were 332.5 g, 76.5 g, and 130.4 g and 291.7 g, 55.1 g, and 103.5 g, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of household Food Variety Score and Dietary Diversity Score was 3.90 ± 1.25 and 5.44 ± 1.92, respectively. Intakes of vitamin A, calcium, and iron, and zinc were notably deficient in both locations, with the urban participants having lower intakes of vitamin B-1, vitamin B-2, magnesium, and potassium than their rural counterparts. Mean sodium intakes exceeded recommendations for all age groups in South Tarawa except children aged 4 to 6 years. Food consumption patterns of the households in South Tarawa and Butaritari reflected high consumption of nontraditional diets and refined foods, which manifested in inadequate micronutrient intake estimates and low dietary diversity: strong risk factors for noncommunicable diseases such as obesity and diabetes.

Korelasi kadar hepcidin dan asupan makanan dengan serum transferrin reseptor dan hemoglobin pada remaja stunted overweight

Background: Stunted overweight is associated with mild chronic inflammation. The state of inflammation will increase the expression of hepcidin, which affects the iron status of the body, besides the intake of protein, iron, and vitamin C.Objective: To analyze the correlation of hepcidin levels and food intake (protein, iron, vitamin C) with serum transferrin receptors (sTfR) and hemoglobin in stunted overweight adolescents.Method: The design of research was cross-sectional. The subjects were 64 adolescents stunted overweight aged 15-18 years in four high/vocational schools in the Banyumanik District, Semarang City. Measurement the level of hepcidin and sTfR was using the ELISA method and haemoglobin was using Cyanomethemoglobin method. Data on protein, iron, vitamin C intake was using the SQ-FFQ method. Bivariate analysis was using Pearson and Spearman correlation test then followed by multiple linear regression analysis.Results: The result showed that 89.1% subjects had adequate intake of protein, 54.7% subjects had low intake of vitamin C, 76.6% subjects had low intake of iron. Hepcidin levels in all subjects were 100% normal. There were 7.8% subjects with a low sTfR and 7.8% with a low haemoglobin level. Statistic test showed there was correlation between hepcidin with haemoglobin and sTfR (p1 = 0,010 r1 = -0,319, p2 = 0,001, r2 = 0,569). From food intake, only intake iron was correlated with haemoglobin but not with sTfR. There was significant difference between the mean of haemoglobin and sTfR among girls and boys. Further analysis, showed that only hepcidin was a weak negative determinant for sTfR (R2 = 0,120). The determinant factors for haemoglobin were gender (p=0,001) and hepcidin (p =0,004) with the value of R2 = 0,577.Conclusion: Hepcidin correlated with sTfR and haemoglobin while iron intake only correlated with hemoglobin.

Daily Intake of Advanced Glycation End Products, Fibers and Vitamin C: Their Relationship with Nutrition Status in Adolescent Girls

Introduction: Eating habits including food choice are responsible formalnutrition problem in Indonesia. For example, fast foods are very popular in adolescent life, especially who lives in urban areas. The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship of daily intake of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs), fibers and vitamin C with nutrition status in adolescent girls.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in 150 adolescent girls of senior high schools who were in grade X and XI in Kediri city, East Java Province. Data of AGEs, fibers and vitamin C intake were determined using a 24h food recall questionnaire for two alternating days.Nutrition status was based on body mass index for age based on the z-score issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The chi square and multiple logistic regression test was used to analyze the relationship of those variables with nutrition status. The significant level was set up at p value &lt; 0.05.Results: The prevalence of overweight and obese was 26% in adolescent girls. Inadequate daily intake of fibers and vitamin C was commonly found in adolescent girls whilst AGEs were highly consumed by adolescent girls. AGEs intake (OR=1.85; 95% CI: 0.88-3.85; p=0.101), fiber intake (OR=0.92; 95% CI: 0.43-1.99; p= 0.839) and vitamin C intake (OR=0.85; 95% CI: 0.36-1.99; p=0.710) were positively related to nutrition status but it was not statistically significant.Discussion: High intake of AGEs and low intake of fiber and vitamin Cincreases the risk of overweight and obese in adolescent girls, compared to those who have low intake of AGEs and high intake of fibers and vitamin C but it was not statistically significant.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 04 No. 02 April’20 Page : 109-113

Malnutrittion among Dutch children? Results of the Dutch national food consumption survey 2012–2016

AbstractIntroduction:An adequate and balanced intake of energy and nutrients is important for growth of children and prevention of diseases. The aim of this study was to get insight in the prevalence of low and high intakes of micronutrients and its association with overweight among Dutch children. This insight can contribute to the development of policy on healthy diet and specific nutritional information.Materials and methods:Food and supplement consumption data of children 1–18 years (n = 2.235) were collected in 2012–2016 with two independent 24-hr recalls. Body Mass Index (BMI) was based on measured body height and weight for 1–15 year-olds, and self-reported values for 16–18 year–olds. Using the Dutch food and supplement composition tables, the habitual nutrient and energy intake distribution were estimated and evaluated with the dietary reference values of the Dutch Health Council. Analyses were performed for the total group as well as for classes of BMI.Results:The intake of most micronutrients was sufficient for the children until the age of 13. No statement on this can be made for the intake of iron and vitamin D (girls). For the Dutch teenagers, low intakes of vitamin A (43%), iron (10% of the boys and 77% of the girls) and vitamin C (18%) were observed. For many other nutrients (calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, vitamins B1, B2, B6, D, K1 and folate) the risk of low intakes among (subgroups of) teenagers were evaluated as ‘unknown’, as the median intakes were lower than the adequate intakes. In all age groups, the intakes of copper and vitamins B3 and B12 were sufficient.At the same time, the majority of the children (72% of the boys and 50% of the girls) had a high intake of sodium and a small number of children had high intakes of zinc (7%), copper (3%) or vitamin A (4% of the boys).17% of the children had overweight or obesity and for 9% the weight was evaluated as underweight. The prevalence of low intakes of vitamins A, D and iron was associated with BMI.Discussion:This study suggests that the food consumption of Dutch children can be improved with a more balanced intake of energy and nutrients to prevent obesity and low and high intakes. However, not for all nutrients the health impact is clear. So, more research on the nutrient requirements among children and the related health impact is necessary.