Low Intake Group Research Articles

The Relationship Between Fermented Dairy Consumption with Cognitive Function Among Older US Adults: Data from the NHANES 2011-2014.

The aging global population has led to an increased burden of cognitive impairment in older adults. This study examined the relationship between fermented dairy intake and cognitive function in this population. Yogurt, cheese, and fermented dairy consumption were assessed through two 24-hour dietary recall interviews, categorized into low, medium, and high intake groups. Multivariate linear regression was employed to examine the relationship between fermented dairy intake and cognitive tests, including the Alzheimer's Disease Word Learning Immediate Recall Test (CERAD-IRT), CERAD Delayed Recall Test (CERAD-DRT), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and global cognitive z-scores, adjusting for potential confounding factors. The study comprised 2,462 participants (average age 69.34±6.75 years, 52.07% female). Among yogurt consumers, global cognition and AFT z-scores are notably higher than non-consumers. Conversely, individuals who consume cheese display significantly lower CERAD-DRT z-scores. Compared to participants not intake fermented dairy, consumers of fermented dairy show significantly higher AFT and DSST z-scores and lower CERAD-DRT z-scores. Moreover, when categorizing individuals based on their intake of fermented dairy, those with low and medium consumption show significantly higher AFT and DSST z-scores, as well as significantly lower CERAD-DRT z-scores compared to non-consumers. Our study suggests that moderate consumption of fermented dairy products is associated with better executive function and verbal fluency in the elderly.

Association between Processed Meat Protein Consumption and Incident Osteoporosis in Adults Aged 50 Years and Older: A Prospective Cohort Study Based on Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Data (2005-2020).

Osteoporosis is one of the inevitable diseases affecting an aging society, substantially impacting the quality of life of its population. Protein intake has been shown to be beneficial in reducing the incidence of osteoporosis, and the effects of both animal and vegetable proteins have been studied. However, the relationship between processed meat consumption and osteoporosis has not been studied in Korea. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the correlation between processed meat consumption and incident osteoporosis in adults. Our analysis included 1,260 adults aged 50 years and older from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), recruited between 2005 and 2020. Participants were categorized into two groups according to their processed meat intake, assessed using a semi-quantitative 103-food item food frequency questionnaire. Diagnosis of osteoporosis was based on questionnaire answers. Multiple Cox hazard regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between processed meat intake and incident osteoporosis. During an average follow-up period of 8.8 years, 230 participants developed osteoporosis. According to the Cox proportional regression models, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of incident osteoporosis in the high intake group was 0.62 (0.41-0.94), compared to the low intake group after adjusting for confounding variables. These findings reveal that processed meat protein intake is inversely related to the incidence of osteoporosis in adults aged 50 years and older. This in turn suggests that processed meat intake can be proposed as an additional strategy to prevent osteoporosis.

Characteristics of and changes in the cardiometabolic measures of Japanese workers grouped according to their vegetables and salt intake through workplace cafeteria meals.

This study aimed to objectively evaluate the diet consumed in a workplace cafeteria to group Japanese workers according to vegetables and salt intake and estimate the association of these groups with changes in cardiometabolic measurements. This longitudinal observational study estimated the food and nutrient intake of Japanese workers from data recorded in the cafeteria system of their workplace. The primary outcomes included cardiometabolic measures obtained via regular health check-ups conducted at the workplace. The participants were divided into four groups according to high or low vegetables and salt intake based on their respective medians and the association of each group with cardiometabolic measurement changes was estimated using robust regression with MM-estimation. A Japanese automobile manufacturing factory. The study included 1,140 men and women workers with available cafeteria and health check-up data. An inverse marginal association was observed between changes in triglyceride levels and high vegetables and low salt intake (β: -9.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -20.45, 0.59, p: 0.065) with reference to low vegetables and high salt intake. This association was stronger in participants who used the cafeteria more frequently (>71 days; β: -13.55, 95% CI: -25.51, -1.60, p: 0.027). The participants in the higher vegetables and lower salt intake group were more likely to exhibit decreased triglyceride levels. These findings encourage using workplace cafeteria meals to promote the health of workers.

Effect of Amount of Daily Water Intake and Use of Moisturizer on Skin Barrier Function in Healthy Female Participants.

It is well known that adequate water intake and moisturizer application improves skin barrier function. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of daily water intake and moisturizer application on skin barrier function and the degree of response to barrier recovery. Participants with daily water intake more than 1 L were classified as high daily water intake group (H) and those with less than 1 L as low daily water intake group (L). Each group was subcategorized into four groups according to intervention method: additional water intake (H1, L1), moisturizer (H2, L2), both (H3, L3), and control (H4, L4). Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) were measured at baseline during the 2nd and 4th week. A total of 43 participants completed the study (H: 22, L: 21). At baseline, there was no significant difference in SCH and TEWL in any on the anatomical sites between the high daily water intake and low daily water intake groups. However, SCHs of left forearm (group H2, p=0.004; group H3, p=0.004), left hand dorsum (group H2, p=0.010; group H3, p=0.026), and left shin (group H2, p=0.016; group H3, p=0.001) in group H2 and H3 were significantly increased in the 4th week as compared to the baseline values. The results suggest that the degree of water intake may be related to improved skin barrier function. However, application of additional moisturizers had more favorable impact on skin hydration as compared to additional water intake.

Association between processed red meat intake and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study from China.

To explore the association between Processed red meat (PRM) consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Dietary survey, physical measurement, and blood biochemical examination were conducted on 316 patients with type 2 diabetes in Bengbu, China from May to July 2019. Possible confounding factors were identified by comparing between-group variability in the baseline table. To eliminate the effect of confounding factors, subgroup analysis was used to explore whether there were differences in the correlation between PRM intake status and the indicators in cardiovascular disease risk factors. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between PRM and the risk of abnormal levels of cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM patients. Restricted cubic spline plots were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between PRM intake and the indicators of cardiovascular disease risk factors. A total of 316 subjects were included in the study, of whom 139 (44.0%) were male and 177 (56.0%) were female. In the multiplicative interaction, there was an effect modifier for smoking (Pinteraction = 0.033) on the association between PRM intake and the risk of substandard FPG level control; sex (Pinteraction = 0.035), smoking status (Pinteraction = 0.017), and alcohol consumption (Pinteraction = 0.046) had effect modifying effects on the association between PRM intake and risk of abnormal systolic blood pressure. Sex (Pinteraction = 0.045) had an effect modifier on the association of PRM intake status with the risk of diastolic blood pressure abnormality. In addition, age had an effect modifier on the association of PRM intake status with risk of abnormal triglyceride index (Pinteraction = 0.004) and risk of abnormal HDL index (Pinteraction = 0.018). After adjusting for potential confounding variables, logistic regression showed that the OR for substandard HbA1c control in patients in the highest PRM intake group, T3 (3.4 ~ 57.2 g/d), was 1.620-fold higher than in the lowest intake, i.e., the no-intake group, T1 (0.0 ~ 0.0 g/d; OR = 2.620; 95% CI 1.198 ~ 5.732; p = 0.016). Whereas the OR for abnormal control of systolic blood pressure levels was 1.025 times higher (OR = 2.025; 95% CI 1.033 ~ 3.968; p = 0.040) in patients in the PRM low intake group T2 (0.1 ~ 3.3 g/d) than in the non-intake group T1 (0.0 ~ 0.0 g/d), the OR for substandard control of systolic blood pressure in patients in the highest group T3 (3.4 ~ 57.2 g/d) was 1.166 times higher than in the no-intake group T1 (OR = 2.166; 95% CI 1.007 ~ 4.660; p = 0.048). The OR for abnormal TG levels in patients in the highest PRM intake group T3 (3.4 ~ 57.2 g/d) was 1.095 times higher than in the no-intake group T1 (OR = 2.095; 95% CI 1.076 ~ 4.078; p = 0.030). Restricted cubic spline plots presented a nonlinear dose-response relationship between PRM intake and risk of substandard HbA1c and SBP control (P nonlinear <0.05), and an atypical inverted U-shaped association between PRM intake and TC and LDL-C levels (P nonlinear <0.05). The strength of the associations between PRM intake and the control levels of FPG, DBP, HDL-C, and TG were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). PRM intake was generally low in patients with T2DM, but a nonlinear dose-response relationship between PRM intake and the risk of suboptimal control of HbA1c and SBP, with an atypical inverted U-shaped association with TC and LDL-C levels, was observed. Appropriate control of PRM intake may be important for tertiary prevention of T2DM and cardiovascular disease prevention. We need to better understand these relationships to promote improved cardiometabolism and global health.

Effect of dietary protein intake on cognitive function in the elderly with chronic kidney disease: analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014

Background Cognitive dysfunction is prevalent among the elderly diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Low protein diets are used for retarding the progression of CKD in clinical practice. Nonetheless, the impact of dietary protein consumption on cognitive function in this population remains uncertain. Methods We recruited 2306 participants (≥60 years) from 2011 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). 24-h dietary recall questionnaire was utilized to evaluate protein intake. Cognitive function was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Participants’ characteristics were analyzed, and the interaction between protein consumption and CKD on cognitive impairment were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results We divided participants into three groups based on CKD stages: no CKD, CKD stage G1 to G2 (19%), and CKD stage G3 to G5 (18%). The average protein intake was 0.97 g/(kg·d). In the higher protein intake group, CKD stages G1 to G2 elevated the risk of immediate memory impairment (OR: 2.441, 95% Cl: 1.161–5.132 for protein consumption in 1.0-1.2g/(kg·d); OR: 2.225, 95% Cl: 1.015–4.876 for protein consumption in >1.2 g/(kg·d)). However, no similar resuts were observed in the lower protein intake group. In addition, the interaction between CKD status and protein intake on immediate memory was statistically significant (p = .041). Conclusion A higher probability of cognitive impairment in the elderly with early-stage CKD may be linked to higher protein intake. Low protein diets may be a potential strategy to release cognitive impairment in the elderly with early-stage CKD.

Comparative analysis of the hypothalamus transcriptome of laying ducks with different residual feeding intake

Feed costs account for approximately 60-70% of the cost of poultry farming, and feed utilization is closely related to the profitability of the poultry industry. To understand the causes of the differences in feeding in Shan Partridge ducks, we compared the hypothalamus transcriptome profiles of two groups of ducks using RNA-seq. The two groups were: 1) low residual feed intake (LRFI) group with low feed intake but high feed efficiency, and 2) high residual feed intake (HRFI) group with high feed intake but low feed efficiency. We found 78 DEGs were enriched in nine differential Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathways, including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, GABAergic synapse, nitrogen metabolism, cAMP signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, nitrogen metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, ovarian steroidogenesis, and gluconeogenesis. To further identify core genes among the 78 DEGs, we performed protein-protein interaction and co-expression network analyses. After comprehensive analysis and experimental validation, four core genes, namely, glucagon (GCG), cholecystokinin (CCK), gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit delta (GABRD), and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta1 (GABRB1), were identified as potential core genes responsible for the difference in residual feeding intake between the two breeds. We also investigated the level of cholecystokinin (CCK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY(PYY), ghrelin, and glucagon-like peptide1 (GLP-1) hormones in the sera of Shan Partridge ducks at different feeding levels and found that there was a difference between the two groups with respect to GLP-1 and NPY levels. The findings will serve as a reference for future research on the feeding efficiency of Shan Partridge ducks and assist in promoting their genetic breeding.

Association of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Intake with Low Birth Weight in the Second Trimester: The Japan Pregnancy Eating and Activity Cohort Study.

This study examined the association of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake during the second trimester with low birth weight (LBW) in pregnant Japanese women and was conducted in conjunction with the Japan Pregnancy Eating and Activity Cohort (J-PEACH) study. The study included 504 pregnant women from four Japanese sites. During the second trimester (14-27 weeks), the participants filled out a self-administered questionnaire assessing the frequency of DHA and EPA supplement intake in the past month, as well as a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ). The analysis involved data from two time points: responses to the BDHQ and infant data at birth. In total, 471 and 33 participants were classified into the normal birth weight and LBW groups, respectively. The participants were divided into high-, medium-, and low-intake groups based on their total dietary and EPA and DHA supplementary intakes. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze the data; the prevalence of LBW was higher in the low-intake group (p = 0.04). There was no significant sex-based trend (p = 0.27 and p = 0.35). In Japanese women, low dietary and supplementary EPA and DHA intake until the second trimester were risk factors for LBW.

Association between latent profile of dietary intake and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs): Results from Fasa Adults Cohort Study (FACS)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been among the most significant non-communicable diseases. Dietary risks account for the most cause of CVDs mortalities. Evaluating overall dietary patterns (through the Latent profile of dietary intake) can provide a more accurate prediction regarding the prevalence of CVDs. The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between the latent profile of dietary intake and CVDs prevalence. The population of the Fasa Adults Cohort Study was employed to gather the data (n = 8319). A modified FFQ was employed to assess eating behaviors. Minerals, as well as the energy intake and total fiber, were measured using Nutritionist IV software (version 7.0). To estimate the prevalence of CVDs, accurate records of patients' histories were made. Individuals were clustered according to their dietary intake using latent profile analysis. The mean age was 48.75 ± 9.59 years, and 53.28% (4430) were women. 63.9% of participants with low Socioeconomic Status (SES) were in the low-intake profile (P < 0.001), and high SES increases the odds of being in the high-intake profile (ORhigh/low = 2.87, 95% CI 2.55–3.24). The low-intake group had the lowest amount of physical activity (Met) (P < 0.001). The result of multivariate logistic regression revealed that categorized in the low-intake group significantly increased the development of CVDs (OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.07–1.63, P = 0.010). The mean micronutrients and total fiber, in individuals with a low intake profile, were significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.001). Overall, we estimated that a low intake of all food groups increases the odds of developing CVDs significantly.

“High dietary live microbe intake is correlated with reduced risk of depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional study of NHANES 2007–2016”

BackgroundRecent research indicated that levels of dietary live microorganisms were inconsistently associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between consumption of live microorganisms and symptoms of depression. MethodsData on 21,653 study participants were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary information was assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Depressive status was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Generalized linear model, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and subgroup analyses were performed in this study. ResultsAfter full adjustment for confounders, participants in the moderate–dietary microbe intake group had a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms than those in the lowest intake group [odds ratio (OR): 0.813, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.678–0.974, P = 0.026, and pseudo R2 = 0.12]. Participants in the highest–dietary microbe intake group had a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms than those in the lowest intake group (OR: 0.714, 95 % CI: 0.586–0.870, P = 0.001, and pseudo R2 = 0.12). An L-shaped dose–response relationship was observed in the RCS (the P value for nonlinear relationship = 0.007). In subgroup analyses, participants with male identity, normal weight, and high physical activity (PA) level showed a substantial correlation between dietary live microbe consumption and depressive symptoms (all P values for interaction <0.050). LimitationsThis study was limited by its cross-sectional study design, and self-reported dietary live microbe consumption and depressive symptoms. ConclusionsA high dietary live microbe intake was nonlinearly correlated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms.

Anemia and frailty in the aging population: implications of dietary fiber intake (findings of the US NHANES from 2007–2018)

BackgroundFrailty has long been seen as an indicator of reduced physical functions in the elderly, which may be caused by a variety of chronic illnesses or cancerous tumors. Dietary fiber was connected with anemia and frailty, whereas it was uncertain if dietary fiber consumption modifies the impact of anemia on frailty in elderly adults.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis using older adults aged 60 years and over from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018 cycles. Dietary fiber intake was estimated using two 24-h dietary recalls. Participants were dichotomized as frail or non-frail based on a modified Fried physical frailty phenotype from previous NHANES studies. The weighted logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) for the associations between hemoglobin levels and frailty at high- and low-dietary fiber intake levels.ResultsA total of 9644 older adults were included in this study, and the weighted sample was 56,403,031, of whom 3,569,186 (6.3%) were deemed to be frail, and the remainder were deemed to be non-frail. Among the low dietary fiber intake group, higher hemoglobin was significantly associated with a lower risk of frailty (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71–0.87), and anemia was associated with an almost threefold elevated risk of frailty (OR = 3.24, 95% CI:1.98–5.29) in the fully adjusted model. However, this phenomenon was not observed in groups with high dietary fiber intake. In addition, L-shaped dose response relationship was found in the high dietary fiber intake group (P overall association < 0.001; P non-linear association = 0.076). Whereas the dose response relationship was not significant in the high dietary fiber intake group (P overall association 0.752; P non-linear association = 0.734).ConclusionsFrailty was positively associated with the severity of anemia in older adults with low, but not high, dietary fiber intake. Adequate fiber intake may be an innovative dietary strategy to reduce frailty in older adults.

Association of Dietary Live Microbes and Nondietary Prebiotic/Probiotic Intake With Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Evidence From NHANES.

The current study aims to examine association of dietary live microbes and nondietary prebiotic/probiotic intake with cognitive function among older U.S. adults, examining heterogeneity across demographic characteristics and diseases. Participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014 cycles were selected and administered 3 cognitive function tests: the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD W-L, including immediate [CERAD-IRT] and delayed [CERAD-DRT] memory), the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Test-specific and global cognition z-score was created. Based on their estimated dietary live microbes intake, participants were categorized into three groups: low, medium, and high. Text mining was employed to identify nondietary prebiotic/probiotic usage by examining the names and ingredients of dietary supplements or drugs. Participants in the medium (including AFT) and high (including global cognition, AFT, DSST, and CERAD-IRT) dietary live microbes intake group had significantly higher z-score of cognitive function compared to those in the low intake group. Among participants with cardiovascular disease history, nondietary prebiotic intake was associated with higher z-score in global cognition and CERAD-DRT compared to those who did not consume prebiotic. Additionally, probiotic intake was linked to higher z-score in global cognition, AFT, and DSST, particularly in participants with diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Our study suggests that the intake of dietary live microbes and nondietary probiotic/prebiotic was associated with better cognitive function in older adults, particularly in specific disease states.

Association of Coffee and Tea Intake with Bone Mineral Density and Hip Fracture: A Meta-Analysis.

Background and Objectives: Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and high bone fragility. Findings regarding the association of coffee and tea intake with osteoporosis have been inconsistent. We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate whether coffee and tea intake is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and high hip fracture risk. Materials and Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched for relevant studies published before 2022. Studies on the effects of coffee/tea intake on hip fracture/BMD were included in our meta-analysis, whereas those focusing on specific disease groups and those with no relevant coffee/tea intake data were excluded. We assessed mean difference (MD; for BMD) and pooled hazard ratio (HR; for hip fracture) values with 95% confidence interval (CI) values. The cohort was divided into high- and low-intake groups considering the thresholds of 1 and 2 cups/day for tea and coffee, respectively. Results: Our meta-analysis included 20 studies comprising 508,312 individuals. The pooled MD was 0.020 for coffee (95% CI, -0.003 to 0.044) and 0.039 for tea (95% CI, -0.012 to 0.09), whereas the pooled HR was 1.008 for coffee (95% CI, 0.760 to 1.337) and 0.93 for tea (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.03). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis results suggest that daily coffee or tea consumption is not associated with BMD or hip fracture risk.

1381-P: Effect of Dietary Potassium Intake and Its Interaction with Sodium Intake on Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)—Japan Diabetes Complication and Its Prevention Prospective Study (JDCP Study)

Many guidelines recommend increased potassium intake. However, the relationship between dietary potassium intake and incidence of CVD in persons with T2D has not been explored, nor is it known if this relationship varies with sodium intake in such persons. Therefore, we investigated these relationships as part of the JDCP study, a nationwide study launched in 2007. A total of 1477 persons with T2D aged 40-75 years completed a brief self-administered Diet History Questionnaire at baseline, and resultant data were analyzed. Primary outcome was the 7-year risk of a CVD event. Hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD according to tertiles of dietary potassium and sodium intake were estimated by Cox regression adjusted for confounders in addition to a stratified analysis of tertiles of sodium intake. Mean daily potassium and sodium intakes in tertiles 1 to 3 were 1.9, 2.6, and 3.5 g and 3.3, 4.2, and 5.3 g, respectively. HbA1c, BMI, triglycerides, and blood pressure were well controlled. No significant associations between potassium and sodium intakes and incidence of CVD were shown for the second and third tertiles relative to the first tertile (potassium: 0.64 [95% CI, 0.34-1.23] and 0.59 [0.28-1.25]; sodium: 1.02 [0.51-2.04] and 1.15 [0.58-2.30]). In the stratified analysis of tertiles of sodium intake, in the high sodium intake groups (T2 and T3) HRs for CVD in the high potassium intake group were significantly lower compared to the low potassium intake group (T2: 0.40 [0.12-1.35] and 0.06 [0.01-0.69]; T3: 0.23 [0.07-0.82] and 0.26 [0.07-0.88]). Associations of potassium intake with CVD in those with low sodium intake (T1) were not significant. Findings suggested that high potassium intake under high sodium intake is associated with a deceased incidence of CVD in persons with T2D although potassium intake under low sodium intake was not associated with incident CVD. Disclosure C.Horikawa: None. H.Shimano: None. J.Satoh: None. Y.Hayashino: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk A/S, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Speaker's Bureau; Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Inc., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Santen, Daiichi Sankyo, Kowa Company, Ltd. N.Tajima: None. R.Nishimura: Speaker's Bureau; Sanofi K.K., Medicure Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novartis Pharma K.K., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Novo Nordisk, Merck &amp; Co., Inc., Abbott Japan Co., Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., Teijin Pharma Limited, Taisho Pharmaceutical Holdings Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca. Y.Yamasaki: None. H.Sone: Research Support; Novo Nordisk, Astellas Pharma Inc., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Holdings Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Jdcp study group: n/a. M.Takahara: None. N.Katakami: Speaker's Bureau; Abbott Japan Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo, MSD, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kowa Company, Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novo Nordisk, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Bayer Inc., Lilly, Teijin Pharma Limited, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Inc., Sanofi. Y.Takeda: None. M.Takeuchi: None. K.Fujihara: None. H.Suzuki: None. K.Tsuda: None. N.Yoshioka: None.

#5729 HIGHER DAILY PROTEIN INTAKE CAN IMPROVE THE GRAFT FUNCTION OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS IN THE EARLY POSTTRANSPLANT PERIOD

Abstract Background and Aims Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is commonly seen among uremic patients, which may still exist after they received kidney transplantation,[1,2] and it is a determining factor in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD).[3] The use of immunosuppressants and glucocorticoids after transplantation will also affect the patients' metabolism and aggravate their malnutrition.[4,5] Adequate daily protein intake (DPI) in the early posttransplant period facilitates the rapid recovery of surgical wounds.[6] However, few studies focused on the impact of DPI on the early recovery of graft function. This study aimed to explore the relationship between DPI and graft function at month 3 posttransplant, which may provide a basis for clinical nutritional regimen of kidney transplant recipients. Method This is a retrospective observational study. 176 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who underwent kidney transplant in West China Hospital from December 2021 to June 2022 were included and followed up regularly. 24-hour urine urea data were collected at month 3 posttransplant to calculate their DPI. These KTRs were further divided into two groups according to the recommended DPI for KTRs by the 2021 Practice Guidelines for the Nutritional Management of Chronic Kidney Disease,[7] namely high intake group (Group 1, with DPI ≥ 1.4g/kg·d, n = 66) and low intake group (Group 2, with DPI &amp;lt; 1.4g/kg·d, n = 110). Laboratory data and posttransplant adverse events within 3 months were recorded. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between DPI and early posttransplant graft function. Results Mean DPI levels at month 3 posttransplant were 1.75±0.56 g/kg·d in Group 1 and 0.98±0.24 g/kg·d in Group 2, respectively. There was no significant difference in age, gender, pretransplant body mass index (BMI), dialysis type and time, donor type, or the ratio of delayed graft function (DGF) between the two groups. The levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), body mass index(BMI), hemoglobin (Hb), high-density lipid-cholesterol (HDL), and urinary protein at month 3 posttransplant in Group 1 were significantly higher than those in Group 2 (P &amp;lt; 0.005, Fig. 1). No statistical difference was found in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups at month 3 posttransplant. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that higher DPI in the early posttransplant period was a protective factor for graft function after kidney transplantation. Conclusion In the early posttransplant period, higher dietary protein intake (DPI ≥ 1.4 g/kg·d) may improve graft kidney function, lipid metabolism, and renal anemia.

Dietary magnesium is able to influence the relationship between vitamin C and estimated glomerular filtration rate: A cross-sectional study.

The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a comprehensive index that is widely used to assess renal function. Although studies have confirmed a correlation between eGFR and dietary vitamin C, the impact of varying levels of vitamin C on eGFR remains unclear. Additionally, the interaction between dietary magnesium intake and vitamin C concentration on eGFR is not well understood. As such, the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and vitamin C in relation to eGFR. This study analyzed the data of consecutive NHANES from 2005 to 2018. We included 17,633 participants aged 20 or older and used multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between dietary vitamin C and eGFR. Dietary Mg intake from experimental data was dichotomized into a low dietary Mg intake group (≤254 mg/day) and a normal dietary Mg intake group (>254 mg/day). To evaluate the impact of dietary magnesium intake on eGFR, a multivariable linear regression was conducted utilizing an interaction test between dietary vitamin C and eGFR. We discovered a positive association between dietary vitamin C content and eGFR. The relationship between dietary vitamin C levels and eGFR differed between individuals with low Mg intake and those with normal Mg intake (β: 2.96 95% CI:1.63 ~ 4.29 vs. β: 1.05 95% CI: -0.15 to 2.25), and the positive association of high dietary vitamin C content with eGFR was stronger in the low Mg intake group. Furthermore, we observed that dietary magnesium intake significantly altered the positive association between dietary vitamin C and eGFR (interaction value of 0.020). Our experimental study revealed that the interaction between dietary magnesium and dietary vitamin C can significantly impact eGFR. This finding carries significant implications for the treatment of diseases resulting from abnormal eGFR, as well as the selection of clinically relevant drugs.

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids intake, air pollution, and the risk of lung cancer: A prospective study in UK biobank

BackgroundEpidemiological evidence on the association between specific types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) intake and lung cancer risk is limited. However, whether dietary-specific PUFAs intake can modify the association between air pollutants and incident lung cancer remains unknown. MethodsCox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline regression were used to evaluate the associations of omega-3 PUFAs, omega-6 PUFAs and the ratio of omega-6 PUFAs to omega-3 PUFAs intake with lung cancer risk. Furthermore, we evaluated the associations between air pollutants and incident lung cancer, and whether dietary-specific PUFAs intake would modify the relationship using stratification analyses. ResultsThis study found significant associations between the risk of lung cancer and omega-3 PUFAs intake (hazard ratio [HR], 0.82; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.73–0.93; per 1 g/d), and omega-6 PUFAs intake (HR, 0.98; 95 % CI, 0.96–0.99; per 1 g/d). We did not observe an association between the omega-6 to omega-3 PUFAs intake ratio and incident lung cancer. With regard to air pollution, omega-3 PUFAs intake attenuated the positive relationship between nitrogen oxides (NOx) pollution and lung cancer risk, and an increased incidence of lung cancer was found only in the low omega-3 PUFAs intake group (p < 0.05). Surprisingly, PUFAs intake (regardless of omega-3 PUFAs, omega-6 PUFAs, or in total) reinforced the pro-carcinogenic effects of PM2.5 on lung cancer, and a positive association between PM2.5 pollutants and incident lung cancer was observed only in the high PUFAs groups (p < 0.05). ConclusionsHigher dietary omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs intake was associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer in the study population. As omega-3 PUFAs have different modification effects on NOX and PM2.5 air pollution related lung cancer incidence, precautions should be taken when using omega-3 PUFAs as health-promoting dietary supplements, especially in high PM2.5 burden regions.

Milk metabolomics analyses of lactating dairy cows with divergent residual feed intake reveals physiological underpinnings and novel biomarkers.

The opportunity to select for feed efficient cows has been limited by inability to cost-effectively record individual feed efficiency on an appropriate scale. This study investigated the differences in milk metabolite profiles between high- and low residual feed intake (RFI) categories and identified biomarkers of residual feed intake and models that can be used to predict residual feed intake in lactating Holsteins. Milk metabolomics analyses were undertaken at early, mid and late lactation stages and residual feed intake was calculated in 72 lactating dairy cows. Cows were ranked and grouped into high residual feed intake (RFI >0.5 SD above the mean, n = 20) and low residual feed intake (RFI <0.5 SD below the mean, n = 20). Milk metabolite profiles were compared between high residual feed intake (least efficient) and low residual feed intake (most efficient) groups. Results indicated that early lactation was predominantly characterized by significantly elevated levels of medium chain acyl carnitines and glycerophospholipids in high residual feed intake cows. Citrate cycle and glycerophospholipid metabolism were the associated pathways enriched with the significantly different metabolites in early lactation. At mid lactation short and medium chain acyl carnitines, glycerophospholipids and amino acids were the main metabolite groups differing according to residual feed intake category. Late lactation was mainly characterized by increased levels of amino acids in high residual feed intake cows. Amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis pathways were enriched for metabolites that differed between residual feed intake groups at the mid and late lactation stages. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified candidate biomarkers: decanoylcarnitine (area under the curve: AUC = 0.81), dodecenoylcarnitine (AUC = 0.81) and phenylalanine (AUC = 0.85) at early, mid and late stages of lactation, respectively. Furthermore, panels of metabolites predicted residual feed intake with validation coefficient of determination (R 2) of 0.65, 0.37 and 0.60 at early, mid and late lactation stages, respectively. The study sheds light on lactation stage specific metabolic differences between high-residual feed intake and low-residual feed intake lactating dairy cows. Candidate biomarkers that distinguished divergent residual feed intake groups and panels of metabolites that predict individual residual feed intake phenotypes were identified. This result supports the potential of milk metabolites to select for more efficient cows given that traditional residual feed intake phenotyping is costly and difficult to conduct in commercial farms.

Excessive Dietary Salt Intake Exacerbates Cognitive Impairment Progression and Increases Dementia Risk in Older Adults.

To investigate excessive dietary salt intake as an independent risk factor of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults. Prospective, population-based cohort study. Two thousand forty-one community residents aged ≥60years were recruited between April 2007 and August 2009 from the Shandong area of China. Participants were classified into low, mild, moderate, and high salt intake groups according to urinary sodium measurements for 7 consecutive days. Global cognitive function was assessed at baseline and biennially thereafter using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), and Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly. Demographics and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype were also obtained for each participant. Participants were monitored for 11.4 ± 2.0years. During follow-up, MMSE, MoCA, and DRS scores decreased progressively faster with increasing salt intake (Padjustment < 0.05 among all intake groups). In total, 319 participants (13.74 per 1000 person-years) developed cognitive impairment. Compared with the low salt intake group, cognitive impairment risk was increased by 75% in the mild group (Padjustment= 0.027), 180% in the moderate group (Padjustment < 0.001), and 330% in the high group (Padjustment < 0.001) after adjustment for age, education, mean, and variability in visit-to-visit systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and APOE genotype. The hazard ratio for cognitive impairment increased by 1.59 (95% CI 1.40-1.79) with each 1-SD increment in salt intake after confounder adjustment (Padjustment < 0.001). Excessive dietary salt impairs cognitive function and increases cognitive impairment risk in older adults independently of known risk factors, including hypertension and APOE genotype.

S-28-6: URINARY METABOLOMICS, DIETARY SALT INTAKE AND BLOOD PRESSURE: THE AFRICAN-PREDICT STUDY

Objective: Excessive salt intake is the leading dietary risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This increased risk may be attributed to alterations in the human metabolome. Salt sensitivity is associated with ethnicity, and ethnic differences in the interaction between sodium intake and the metabolome may play an integral part in CVD development. We therefore investigated 1) the urinary metabolomic profiles of Black and White adults according to low, moderate and high dietary salt intake; and 2) explored the relationships of identified metabolites with blood pressure. Design and Methods: This study included data of White (N = 447) and Black (N = 380) adults aged 20 to 30 years from the African-PREDICT study. Estimated salt intake was determined from 24hr urinary sodium. Urinary amino acids and acylcarnitines were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Clinic, 24hr and central systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured. Results: Whites with a high salt intake (&gt; 10 g/day) had higher SBP (clinic, 24hr and central) compared to those with low (&lt; 5 g/day) or moderate (5 to 10 g/day) salt intakes (all p &lt; 0.05). The metabolites GABA (q = 0.020), citrulline (q = 0.020), glutamic acid (q = 0.046), serine (q = 0.054) and proline (q = 0.054) were lower in those with higher salt intake. In stepwise multivariable adjusted regression analyses, we found that clinic SBP of white adults were inversely associated with GABA (Adj. R2 = 0.35; Std. β=-0.123; p = 0.005), serine (Adj. R2 = 0.35; Std. β=-0.099; p = 0.022) and proline (Adj. R2 = 0.35; Std. β=-0.099; p = 0.021), and central SBP with GABA (Adj. R2 = 0.34; Std. β=-0.094; p = 0.036), glutamic acid (Adj. R2 = 0.34; Std. β=-0.090; p = 0.035) and proline (Adj. R2 = 0.034; Std. β=-0.106; p = 0.015). In Black adults, there were no differences in SBP or metabolites between low, moderate or high salt intake groups, with no relationships between SBP and GABA, glutamic acid, citrulline, serine or proline. Conclusion: In White adults, high salt intake was associated with low levels of GABA, glutamic acid, serine and proline, which in turn were related to high SBP. We hypothesise that metabolomic changes are related to salt intake and may contribute to pathophysiological mechanisms associated with increased blood pressure.