Low Input Current Ripple Research Articles

Quasi‐Z‐source interleaved DC‐DC converter for fuel cell vehicle application

AbstractIn this study, a step‐up DC‐DC converter with a combination of a two‐phase interleaved structure and a quasi‐Z impedance network is proposed for fuel cell vehicle application. The operation of the converter in a small duty cycle (0 < D < 0.5) reduces the conductive losses of the switches and as a result increases the efficiency of this converter compared to conventional boost converters. Also, due to the common ground between the input and output, unlike the floating interleaved boost converter (FIBC) and the parallel input‐series output converter (PISO), it does not face the problem of imposing additional EMI on the converter circuit. This converter has a low input current ripple, suitable voltage gain for fuel cell vehicles system, as well as high reliability due to the ability to operate with one phase in case of failure in the other phase. It can be a suitable candidate for practical application in fuel cell vehicles. The principles of operation and the main characteristics of the converter such as voltage gain, input current ripple, and voltage and current stress of the elements are explained and also a 120‐W experimental prototype with 12‐V input voltage and 60‐V output voltage is made to validate the theoretical analysis results.

A Novel Switch-Coupled Inductor High Gain Quadratic Converter with Low Input Current Ripple

A Novel Switch-Coupled Inductor High Gain Quadratic Converter with Low Input Current Ripple

Design and Implementation of a Modified Cascaded Z-Source High Step-Up Boost Converter for Photovoltaic (PV) Applications

To improve the voltage gain of step-up converters, the cascaded technique is considered as a possible solution in this paper. By considering the concept of cascading two Z- source networks in a conventional boost converter, the proposed topology takes the advantages of both impedance source and cascaded converters. By applying some modifications, the proposed converter provides high voltage gain while the voltage stress of the switch and diodes is still low. Moreover, the low input current ripple of the converter makes it absolutely appropriate for photovoltaic applications in expanding the lifetime of PV panels. After analyzing the operation principles of the proposed converter, we present the simulation and experimental results of a 100 W prototype to verify the proposed converter performance.

A study on a low input current ripple high voltage gain cuk converter

Abstract In the realms of photovoltaic power generation and fuel cells, the application of traditional DC-DC boost converters faces significant constraints due to insufficient gain and pronounced input current ripple. This paper presents a design for a Cuk converter with low input current ripple and high voltage gain based on the conventional Cuk topology. The design incorporates a passive ripple circuit and a coat circuit. The operational principles of the converter are analyzed, followed by the construction of a simulation model in PSIM. Simulation results not only validate the theoretical analysis but also affirm the feasibility of the proposed converter.

Enhanced Control of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Fed Basic Series Positive Super Voltage Lift Luo Converter Using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic

An eco-friendly and renewable energy source, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells offer various advantages such as stability and efficiency. The present study aims to control output voltage of PEM fed basic series positive super voltage lift luo (PSVLL) converter. The model, which consists of a fuel cell and a basic series PSVLL converter, was designed in Matlab/Simulink simulation environment. The control of the PSVLL converter output voltage was performed using an interval type-2 takagi-sugeno-kang fuzzy logic (IT2TSKFL) and type-1 takagi-sugeno-kang fuzzy logic (T1TSKFL) controllers comparatively. The simulation study results demonstrated that the PEM fuel cell fed basic series PSVLL converter reached optimal current and voltage values with IT2TSKFL under nominal and different operating conditions. Moreover, IT2TSKFL improved average settling time of control system by 22.335% compared to T1TSKFL controller.

A novel soft‐switching quadratic high voltage gain trans‐inverse DC/DC converter

AbstractThis paper suggests a new non‐isolated high step‐up DC/DC converter with soft‐switching performance and low input current ripple for renewable energy generation systems. In this introduced circuit, a three‐winding coupled‐inductor combined with a quadratic boost circuit and voltage multiplier cell to obtain high voltage gains. The advanced features of the proposed topology are its ultra‐high voltage gain, soft‐switching performance, low voltage stress across the switching components, continuous input current with low ripple, and the existence of a common ground between the input source and output load. Due to the partial trans‐inverse property in the suggested topology, higher voltage gains can be achieved under smaller turns ratios of the coupled in comparison to the other typical topologies, which leads to efficiency improvement. Moreover, in this introduced circuit, the voltage stress on the single power switch is mitigated using a regenerative clamp circuit. The theory and operating principle of the suggested converter, along with the steady‐state analysis and efficiency interpretation of the proposed converter are discussed in detail. Finally, to verify the theoretical analysis, a 200 W (25 V/400 V) sample prototype is established.

A Single-Output-Filter Double Dual Ćuk Converter

This study introduces an innovative version of a recently studied converter. A Double Dual Ćuk Converter was recently studied with advantages like the possibility of designing it for achieving a low-input current ripple. The proposed converter, called the Improved Double Dual Ćuk Converter, maintains the advantages of the former one, and it is characterized by requiring one less capacitor and inductor than its predecessor. This allows addressing the challenge of optimizing the topology to reduce component count without compromising the operation; this work proposes an efficient design methodology based on theoretical analysis and experimental validation. Results demonstrate that the improved topology not only retains the advantages of the previous version, including high efficiency and robustness, but also enhances power density by reducing the number of components. These advancements open new possibilities for applications requiring compact and efficient power converters, such as renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and portable power supply systems. This work underscores the importance of continuous innovation in power converter design and lays the groundwork for future research aimed at optimizing converter topologies. A detailed discussion of the operating principles and modeling of the converter is provided. Furthermore, simulation outcomes highlighting differences in steady-state duration, output voltage, input current ripple, and operational efficiency are shared. The results from an experimental test bench are also presented to corroborate the efficacy of the improved converter.

A Comprehensive Investigation into Bidirectional DC-DC Converters with Soft Switching for Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) are one of the the promising solutions for the environmental issues such as carbon emission and global warming. The high voltage traction battery in EVs is charged from utility grid by an EV charger. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standardize EV charges into two categories on-board chargers and off-board chargers. Usually, the on-board chargers are located inside the vehicle whereas, off-board chargers are not mounted on the vehicle. For onboard chargers, size and power density of charger become a prior matter of concern. The only way to reduce the size of a converter and thereby increase the power density is to operate power electronic conversion system (PECS) at very high switching frequency (HSF) resulting in reduced size of magnetic component in the charger configuration. However, HSF operation may lead to a high electromagnetic interference (EMI), loss in switch and switch duty. The work in this paper is focused on the development of high frequency bi-directional DC-DC converter (BD2C) stage priory used in on-board chargers due to distributed sources of energy as well as to manage the power distribution in the configuration. The power electronic BDCs are derived from boost and buck unit. The boost derived converter are current fed converters and offers advantages in terms of inherent voltage gain, short circuit protection and lower input current ripple. The voltage spikes across switches, high rated device selection, hard switching, snubber and auxiliary circuit requirements are some of the undesirable factors. This occurrence happened due to unbalance power transfer by the power electronics converter. Similarly, voltage fed converter offers good voltage control during power transfer.

A new transformerless buck‐boost converter with improved voltage gain and continuous input current

AbstractThis paper proposes a new transformerless buck‐boost converter with an extended voltage conversion ratio. This converter has semi‐quadratic voltage gain, which provides more gain with lower duty cycles. This converter has a simple structure and easy implementation, which reduces the cost and increases efficiency. The proposed converter operates in continuous conduction mode and provides two operation modes by turning on and off the switches. The suggested converter has continuous input current and low input current ripple, which is important when utilizing renewable energy sources. The calculation of the proposed converter includes ideal and practical voltage gain, current calculations, voltage stresses of the switches and diodes, current stress of the switches, parameter design, efficiency, and a brief analysis of discontinuous conduction mode and boundary conditions. The proposed converter provides efficiency of about 93.1% in boost mode and 92.14% in buck mode at 50 W output power. The suggested converter varies the input voltage from 20 to 48 V in boost mode and changes the input voltage from 20 to 10.4 V in buck mode. Finally, a laboratory prototype has been built to prove and evaluate the simulation results and theoretical analysis of the proposed converter.

Ripple analyze and design considerations for an interleaved boost converter (IBC) for a PV source

This paper approaches the interleaved boost converter (IBC) for photovoltaic systems (PVS) with efficiency control. The purpose of this converter is to transfer the low DC PV voltage to a high DC voltage at its output. The low output voltage ripple and especially the low input current ripple (for MPPT) are analyzed, verified and compared to N cell IBCs. To improve the efficiency of the IBC, the control decides how many commutation cells are used, in relation to the actual power. This paper also shows to determine the critical PV current needed to work in continuous conduction mode. Finally, a dual IBC is experimental tested to verify the theoretically approaches.

Two-Switch Ultrahigh Step-Up DC–DC Converterer With Low Input Current Ripple and Low Switch Voltage Stress

Two-Switch Ultrahigh Step-Up DC–DC Converterer With Low Input Current Ripple and Low Switch Voltage Stress

Analysis of High Step-Up Quasi-Z-Source-Based Converter With Low Input Current Ripple

Analysis of High Step-Up Quasi-<i>Z</i>-Source-Based Converter With Low Input Current Ripple

High-Efficiency Resonant DC-DC Converter With Low Input Current Ripple for DC Power Distribution Systems

High-Efficiency Resonant DC-DC Converter With Low Input Current Ripple for DC Power Distribution Systems

A high step-up multiphase interleaved boost converter for fuel cells power system

The fuel cells need the high step-up DC/DC converter with low current ripples to interface to the high voltage DC grid. A novel zero voltage switching high step-up multiphase interleaved boost converter (ZVS HSMIBC) is proposed in this paper. This new converter employs advantages of low input current ripples, high voltage step-up ratio, soft-switching operation, and low switching harmonics and noise. In this paper, the two-phase interleaved structure of the proposed ZVS HSMIBC is analyzed and researched in detail as a representative topology. The relevant conclusions also can apply to multiphase (3 and above) interleaved structure of the HSMIBC. Finally, an experimental prototype is built and test, the experimental results show that the proposed converter can operated under ZVS conditions with low input current ripples and low switching noise and harmonics. In addition, this converter can obtain high voltage step-up ratio up to 45 (mn = 8, d = 0.8) with high efficiency, and proportion of the experimental ratios to theoretical ratios is also high (not less than 0.8).

Design and implementation a novel single switch high gain DC-DC converter based on coupled inductor with low-ripple input current

A novel high-gain and high-efficiency direct current to direct current (DC-DC) converter is introduced in this paper. The presented converter is suitable for low-voltage renewable energy resources such as photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC). The existence of series inductance with the input source ensures continuous and low-ramp input current, which is important for extracting maximum power from resources. Using coupled inductor technology and an intermediate capacitor in the suggested converter leads to a high gain voltage. In the presented topology for recovering energy from the leakage inductor, reducing voltage stress on the power switch, and so decreasing overall converter losses, a passive clamp circuit is used. The suitable operation range of duty cycle in the converter, besides the leakage inductor, decreases the problem of reverse recovery in diodes. The low value of the leakage inductor and the low volume and cost of the proposed converter are due to the low turn ratio of the coupled inductor. Details of the operation principles of the proposed converter have been discussed in this paper. The presented simulation and laboratory prototype results verify the theoretical analysis and performance of the suggested topology.

Performance of a novel DC-DC low voltage stress boost converter for fuel-cell vehicle

Air pollution, global warming, depletion of fossil fuels and the lack of access to them due to potential political conflicts are some of the challenges that have forced governments to take necessary measures to promote and invest in the development of electric vehicles (EVs). One of the most important parts of EVs is dc-dc converter. A novel step-up single-switch unidirectional topology for a dc-dc converter is proposed in this paper. Some of the advantages of the proposed topology are the use of single-switch, ground switching, low input current ripple, wide range of voltage gain (VG), high level of VG, low stress level for semiconductor components, low input current ripple, small number of semiconductor and passive elements, high efficiency, and no need for high frequency transformer or coupled inductors. Topology analysis is done in continuous current mode (CCM) and calculations related to efficiency and appropriate design are performed to select the converter parameter values. Also, the proposed topology is compared with other similar topologies to show its high performance and superiority. To confirm the theoretical basis, laboratory prototype waveforms are evaluated and an efficiency of 93.2% is obtained.

A voltage lift‐based high‐gain DC‐DC converter with low input current ripple

AbstractThe switched‐inductor‐based voltage lift converters offer high voltage gain. However, their input current has step changes due to switched‐inductor configuration and is peaky due to the voltage lift capacitor charging current. This article proposes a new high‐gain DC‐DC converter where an additional boost converter cell is incorporated in a conventional voltage lift boost converter to charge the voltage lift capacitor with a constant current, avoiding a peaky charging current from the supply. The operating principle of the proposed converter demands phase‐shifted switching signals to achieve high voltage gain and reduce ripple in the input current. High‐gain, continuous input current, positive output voltage, common ground between input and output ports, and low voltage stress on active switches are the major characteristics of the proposed converter. The operating principle, steady‐state analysis, and control design have been discussed in detail. A 200 W, 30 V/300 V, and 50 kHz laboratory prototype is developed to validate the operation of the proposed converter.

High Step-Up Soft-Switching DC–DC Converter Integrated With Y-Source Network

High step-up dc-dc converter is generally used in micro grid, uninterruptible power supply, hybrid electric vehicle, and other applications. For attaining high boosting and high efficiency, a high step-up soft switching circuit topology with an integrated Y-Source network is presented. Its front end is a Boost structure with the strengths of continuous and low ripple input current. The active clamp circuit may store the energy of leakage inductance in the output capacitor, and then output with reuse. In addition, the switches achieve zero voltage conduction, thereby decreasing its switching loss. At the same time, the coupling inductor achieves zero dc bias, which reduces the core size and core loss. The converter may attain high step-up by selecting the proper turns ratio of the coupling inductor at a reasonable duty cycle. The paper elucidates the working mode of the converter in depth, builds the small signal model, and study the stability of the converter. Finally, an experimental prototype of 200 W 28-380 V 100 kHz is built, and the feasibility of the presented converter is demonstrated in both dynamic and static aspects of the experiment.

A new three winding coupled inductors high step‐up DC–DC converter with low input current ripple

AbstractA new high step‐up DC–DC converter is proposed in this study. In the proposed converter with voltage lift technique and coupled inductors (CIs) a high voltage gain is achieved. Although the proposed converter has coupled inductors, the input current is continuous and the input current ripple is low. The proposed converter has only one switch and does not have any auxiliary switch, in which the control of the switch is easy. Soft switching condition is presented for the switch in the converter as zero current switching (ZCS) for turning on instant and zero voltage switching (ZVS) for turning off instant, in which the efficiency is increased. For all diodes expect two diodes in the converter ZCS condition is provided when diodes turn off that reverse recovery problem is solved for these diodes. The proposed converter is fully analyzed and described operation of it. To confirm theoretical analysis, 300 W of the proposed converter is implemented and tested, for which in full load an efficiency of 96.5% is achieved.

Performance improvement of a zero‐voltage switching interleaved high step‐up DC–DC converter with low‐voltage stresses

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel interleaved ultra‐large gain zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) DC–DC converter for renewable energy systems. By using coupled inductor (CI) and built‐in transformer (BIT), a high‐voltage gain is achieved. The secondary windings of the CIs are connected in series with the primary winding of the BIT and the secondary winding of the BIT is inserted in voltage multiplier cell (VMC). In such a case, the voltage gain is proportional to the multiplication of the turn's ratios of the CI and BIT. To increase the devices’ utilization, the active clamp circuit not only provide ZVS performance for the metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFETs) and recycles the leakage energy, but also participates in voltage gain enhancement. The voltage stress across the switches is considerably decreased and the low duty cycle reduces the conduction and switching losses. Low input current ripple, equal current sharing without a dedicated controller and common ground are the other merits of the proposed converter. Steady‐state analyses are presented and through a fair comparison, the superiority of the proposed converter over the state‐of‐the‐art is guaranteed. Finally, a 500‐W laboratory prototype with 20‐ to 400‐V voltage conversion is built to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter.