Low-income Housing Developments Research Articles

A UTILIZAÇÃO DE CRÉDITOS FISCAIS NAS PARCERIAS PÚBLICO-PRIVADAS PARA HABITAÇÕES DE BAIXA RENDA

This article examines the use of tax credits in public-private partnerships (PPPs) for the development of low-income housing in the United States. PPPs offer a collaborative approach to addressing the housing crisis by combining resources from both the public and private sectors. Tax credits, such as the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC), play a crucial role in incentivizing private investment in affordable housing projects. This study analyzes the effectiveness of these partnerships and the impact of tax credits on expanding low-income housing. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing such initiatives, highlighting success stories and lessons learned.

Identification of indicators of urban affordable housing location choice for low-income households: a Delphi analysis

ABSTRACT The rapid growth of urbanization has resulted in an unprecedented housing crisis, particularly in developing nations. Tackling housing challenges is essential for the sustainable development of cities. One of the prime challenges in this domain is the identification of suitable locations for developing affordable housing projects. This research aims to identify the indicators that affect the choice of affordable housing locations for low-income households. Through exploration of relevant literature, a comprehensive list of 48 indicators was identified and classified into five categories; neighborhood embedded characteristics, urban characteristics, economic context, and social and housing characteristics. The Delphi method was adopted to gain consensus on the parameters identified. To encompass diverse viewpoints, experts were chosen from five metropolitan cities, including Jaipur, Lucknow, Patna, Mumbai, and Chennai, representing five geographical zones across India; criteria for selection included expertise in affordable housing, low-income housing, or sustainable development. 36 indicators gained consensus through a two-round Delphi survey with 0.71 as the value of Kendall’s coefficient of Concordance. The parameters of mobility, high employment opportunities, and proximity to various facilities were found to be significant when considering location choice. The indicators determined can help identify the relative locations of affordable housing development in urban areas.

Study of Preferences and Economic Aspects of Low-Income Housing Development (LIC) in Batangkuis Sub-District

Study of Preferences and Economic Aspects of Low-Income Housing Development (LIC) in Batangkuis Sub-District

Preponderant Relationships: Violent Crime, Premises Security Litigation, and Low-Income Housing

ABSTRACT This paper advances knowledge of the ways in which criminological research can assist the courts in rendering legal decisions. To do so, we examine case examples from premises security litigation involving low-income housing developments. We describe the investigative tasks of a premises security lawsuit, address the challenges of examining and explaining a criminal assault, and show how criminological scholarship can point to the importance of place management in suppressing or facilitating crime in low-income housing developments. We examine three preponderant relationships – offender and victim, security standards and proximate causation, and place management and crime opportunities – to provide insight into the translation of criminological knowledge into actionable legal outcomes. We address the nexus of environmental criminology and premises security litigation to strengthen the scientific foundation of criminological research and improve the quality of forensic social scientific research in the legal system.

Meaningful Action: Evaluating Local Government Plans to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing in California

A 2018 California law requires local governments to affirmatively further fair housing (AFFH) in their General Plan’s housing element. This paper examines how eight municipalities reacted to this requirement in three areas of their 2021 plans: the analysis of fair housing issues, proposed fair housing programs, and the location of sites identified for low-income housing development. We consider whether these cities’ over 200 fair housing programs are meaningful actions by evaluating their potential impact, and measure the distribution of proposed sites for new low-income housing across neighborhoods. The cities created many new programs in response to the mandate; however, most programs do not meaningfully advance fair housing goals. Moreover, most cities do not modify land-use plans to allow affordable housing in affluent neighborhoods. Additionally, we find a mismatch in the plans. The affluent, majority-white cities that developed more meaningful fair housing programs continued to concentrate sites for affordable housing in their least affluent neighborhoods. Our analysis of potential program impact allows us to identify AFFH oversight challenges and make recommendations for AFFH guidelines. We focus on California, but the research is relevant to federal AFFH implementation and raises questions about how to best advance fair housing goals.

GOVERNMENT VERSUS COMMUNITIES: PROVISION OF LOW-INCOME COMMUNITY HOUSING IN DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Post-pandemic recovery in various sectors makes state and regional budget allocations unreliable for developing the housing sector. Even though the public's needs for housing continue to increase, coupled with the issue of limited land availability. To overcome that, the government began working to develop alternative financing for the housing sector through non-government funding, with the main target being the low-income community. Non-government funding is a non-conventional financing mechanism for infrastructure procurement through stakeholder collaboration. Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta faces several issues regarding housing provisions for low-income communities. This research explores the prospects of implementing non-government schemes for low-income housing development through a comparative analysis between the community's willingness and ability and the policy stakeholder's capacity, potential trends, and future policy direction. The approach used in this research is deductive mixed methods, employing data collection through questionnaires to assess the willingness and ability of the community, as well as the Delphi method through expert interviews. This study reveals several disparities between the community's willingness and ability and the government's capacity as a provider. On the other hand, non- government funding for low-income housing is prospective in the long term, with specific considerations and preconditions. The result of this research is that by improving coordination between the community and the government, coupled with efforts to enhance mutual understanding and more effective communication between the two parties, holds the potential to advance the funding prospects for low-income housing development in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. However, it requires a considerable amount of time under specific conditions.

Exploring resource-wise stakeholder engagements for low-income housing development in urban Punjab, Pakistan

The main phases of any housing project are planning, design, execution, regulation, and use. All the stakeholders involved in each phase can impact the project's status and progress. The study has explored the dynamics of acquiring five fundamental housing resources, i.e., physical, financial, construction capital, intellectual, and policy. The paper responds to the lack of research on resource acquisition and the patterns of stakeholder engagements, particularly in South Asian countries. The study provides the stakeholder model in the case of Pakistan as an interesting study of relationships between resource-acquiring patterns and engagement mechanisms that can be applied to other geographical contributions. Drawing on qualitative analysis from in-depth interviews with prime stakeholders, this paper concludes by highlighting policy resources as the focal point of resource-wise stakeholder engagement in low-income housing development. This paper highlights the complexities associated with amalgamated engagements with limited transparency on the patterns of resource acquisition for better navigating the provision of low-income housing in developing countries urbanizing at alarming rates.

Stakeholders’ readiness in implementing regulation on affordable public housing: a case study in Pemalang Regency, Central Java

The lengthy licensing stage is becoming a problem in low-income housing development. Stakeholders’ readiness plays an essential role in the success factor of low-income housing. This study aims to identify the stakeholders’ readiness for regional autonomy in terms of policy implementation according to the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 55 of 2017 concerning Low-Income Housing in Pemalang Regency. The research method adopted the policy model by Edwards III and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The determination of the criteria in this study was divided into four criteria: communication (human and financial) resources, implementers’ disposition/behaviour, and bureaucratic structure. These four criteria were analysed using the AHP method on eight respondents from one of the institutions related to the licensing stage. The findings suggested five strategies that could improve programs to accelerate the provision of low-income housing. The order of priority for those five strategies is: (1) capacity building of local authority staff; (2) improvement of the bureaucratic system and licensing services; (3) sanctions for parties affecting the licensing service process; (4) provision and dissemination of information; and (5) revision of regulations (Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs).

The Effectiveness of Private-Public Partnerships in Land Delivery for Low-Income Housing Development for the City of Windhoek Namibia

Purpose: This study sought to assess the effectiveness of the City of Windhoek Public Private Partnership model for land delivery and low-income housing initiatives. To gain in-depth knowledge and understanding of the topic, the research adopted a mixed method approach. Methodology: A sample size of 80 respondents was statically determined and randomly selected from a target population of 120 employees and beneficiaries of PPPs using probability sampling. Findings: The study findings revealed that the City of Windhoek’s PPPs model and housing initiatives for low-income earners fell-short in meeting its objectives against the ever widening housing shortage, notably due to bureaucratic statutory approval processes, a lack and high cost of serviced land as well as high material costs. To date, only a handful of those from the grassroots have benefited. The drawn conclusions were that, although the Triple-P model and housing initiatives was adopted to bridge the ever-widening gap of housing shortage, the houses being built are not affordable to low-income earners. Henceforth, the study recommends that government should provide extended support to the grassroots groups, case in point through subsidized grants or arranged part-payments at financial institutions whereby government could cover part of home-loan costs. Finally, effective program execution, monitoring, feedback and evaluation of the project milestones should be enhanced. Originality/Value: In this study we attempted to the effectiveness of private-public partnerships in land delivery for low-Income housing development for the city of Windhoek Namibia.

Essays on the Role of State and Local Government in Low-Income Housing Development

Essays on the Role of State and Local Government in Low-Income Housing Development

Low-income housing development in India: Strategies for income mixing and inclusive urban planning

ABSTRACT Federal housing programs in rapidly urbanizing countries like India are targeting the expansion of low-income housing stocks. However, most of these large-scale low-income housing developments occur in the urban peripheries, and they are cut off from opportunities and essential urban infrastructure. They not only indicate policy failure but also exacerbate urban segregation in growing cities. Federal policies to tackle these problems in India are geared toward relatively small-scale mixed-income initiatives like inclusionary housing and public-private partnerships. Evaluating these efforts based on four cases in the city of Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh, this paper expands the literature on social-mix and mixed-income housing initiatives that is dominated by studies from the Global North. It identifies multi-pronged approaches to address (1) the failure of the current Indian federal policy involving small-scale mixed-income initiatives, and (2) the need to integrate housing initiatives with urban development at multiple levels, especially in the urban peripheries.

Kebijakan Penyelenggaraan Perumahan Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah di Kabupaten Lahat Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

In essence, the implementing regulations for the construction of housing and settlement areas are clear as the responsibility of the government, as has been described above that the government's role is to determine development in the field of housing and settlement areas. The central government program with 1 (one) million subsidized houses would also pay more attention to its implementation performance, so that the existing implementing regulations will not only become passive laws. In Indonesia today there are still many regulations which in the end become a symptom of problems in their own country. In the context of accelerating housing development for low-income people (MBR), the government makes simplification efforts in simplifying licensing for low-income housing development. By issuing Government Regulation Number 64 of 2016 concerning Low-Income Community Housing Development, then to accelerate its implementation in the regions, it is regulated in Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 55 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Licensing and Non-Licensing of Housing Development for Low-Income Communities (MBR) in the Region. This study aims to determine government policies related to the implementation of MBR housing development and to determine the implementation of Housing Development Permits for Low-Income Communities (MBR) in the Regions, especially in Lahat Regency, South Sumatra Province.

The Relationship between Public Transport and the Location of Shanty Settlements in Kampala City

This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between public transport and the occupation of shanty settlements in Kampala. It is hoped that results from the study will inform future policy formulation by the government and planning of transport infrastructure and low-income housing developments. The study thus sought to examine whether a relationship exists between the cost of available public transportation and the choice to reside in these shanty settlements in Kampala. The study established that increased availability of low-cost public transport allows city residents to seek out better quality and cheaper housing further from the city centre (their affordability index being maintained or reduced). Influential government policy decisions such as maximum caps on fares and subsidisation of public transport vehicles can ensure increased supply and therefore lower the cost of public transport. Increased mobility can result in lower demand for cheap inner-city housing that may in turn stem the growth of illegal settlements, resulting in healthier city development for all.

Policy for Implementing Housing Development Licensing for Low-Income Communities in Palembang City

In the context of accelerating housing development for low-income people (MBR), the government makes simplification efforts in simplifying licensing for low-income housing development. To expedite this, the government issued Government Regulation Number 64 of 2016 concerning Low-Income Community Housing Development, then to accelerate its implementation in the regions, it is regulated in Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 55 of 2017 concerning Implementation of Licensing and Non-Permitting Housing Development for Low-Income Communities (MBR) in the Region. This study aims to determine government policies related to the implementation of MBR housing development and to determine the performance of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 55 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Licensing and Non-Licensing of Housing Development for Low-Income Communities (MBR) in the Regions, especially in the city of Palembang.

Policy for Implementing Housing Development Licensing for Low-Income Communities in Palembang City

In the context of accelerating housing development for low-income people (MBR), the government makes simplification efforts in simplifying licensing for low-income housing development. To expedite this, the government issued Government Regulation Number 64 of 2016 concerning Low-Income Community Housing Development, then to accelerate its implementation in the regions, it is regulated in Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 55 of 2017 concerning Implementation of Licensing and Non-Permitting Housing Development for Low-Income Communities (MBR) in the Region. This study aims to determine government policies related to the implementation of MBR housing development and to determine the performance of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 55 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Licensing and Non-Licensing of Housing Development for Low-Income Communities (MBR) in the Regions, especially in the city of Palembang.

Use and performance of conventional and sustainable building technologies in low-income housing

Few studies have investigated the use and performance of conventional and sustainable building technologies of use in low-income housing construction. Hence, this study investigates the use and performance of the conventional and sustainable building technologies used in low-income housing construction towards proposing the most sustainable technological solution for low-income housing development in South Africa. Using a case study research approach, the study developed a rating tool for use in assessing the sustainability performance of the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) low-income houses within the nine provinces of South Africa with measures drawn from the Green Building Council of South Africa (GBCSA) technical manual. Findings of this study show that the most commonly used method of construction for low-income housing in South Africa are concrete floor slab, brick and mortar for the external envelope and a combination of timber structures fitted with Inverted Box Rib (IBR) sheeting for the roof system. The results also show that conventional building components had a much lower sustainability level due to the high use of concrete and that innovative building components have a lower environmental impact due to the low carbon dioxide emission associated with the manufacturing process. The study concludes with regards to the socio-economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability that buildings constructed using sustainable technologies are more sustainable than those produced using conventional methods. The study recommends that public sector clients involved in the provision of low-income housing should encourage the use of sustainable construction technologies. Further, the research also suggests that the GBCSA should develop measures which specifically targets low-income housing development to allow for the determination of both the socio-economic viability and environmental impact of the RDP houses produced in South Africa.

Community-led housing and urban livelihoods: Measuring employment in low-income housing delivery

This paper explores a significant gap in knowledge about the employment impacts of community-led, low-income housing production, and the complex intersections between rights to housing, rights to work, and international attempts to define these rights, such as the ILO's ‘decent work’ agenda. We develop a four-way classification to understanding the livelihoods impact of housing interventions and how to measure it and, using evidence from construction workers and beneficiaries of the low-income housing developments supported by CLIFF (the Community Led Infrastructure Finance Facility) in Nairobi, this paper moves towards contextually-relevant definitions of ‘a job’. We argue that existing employment multipliers used by evaluation agencies underestimate livelihood needs, and that the ILO's ‘decent work’ agenda should be contextually reviewed, particularly for informal economy workers with multiple livelihood streams, where sustainability may be more important than formalised work. We suggest that ‘rights to housing’ and ‘rights to work’ may conflict, particularly where in-situ upgrading is not feasible and developing housing in peri-urban locations is necessitated by the contextual realities of fast-growing cities.

ENCLAVING ATAS TANAH HAK GUNA USAHA SEBAGAI SUMBER TANAH UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN BAGI MBR DIKAITKAN DENGAN PENATAAN RUANG

The purpose of this research is: 1) To know and analyze about enclaving on the cultivation rights title as a land source for low-income people housing development, 2) To know and analyze the role of the regional government in spatial planning organizing on cultivation rights title of the enclave of the land as a land source for low-income people housing development.This research use normative legal research method with qualitative approach. The results of this research is: 1) enclaving on the prolongation or renewal of the cultivation rights title can be used as a land source for the housing development for low-incomwe people, with a terms that its still concerned with the suitability and design on the spatial planning in that area, 2) regional governments as the representatives of the state in the regions authorized in planning, utilizing and controlling spatial in their regions, especially on the regional spatial planning policies, granting licenses, and giving punishment to anyone who violating the regional regulations. enclaving on the cultivation rights title as a land source for low-income people housing development must suitable with the spatial allocation that allows housing / flats to be built.

Low-Income Housing and Crime: The Influence of Housing Development and Neighborhood Characteristics

This study examines the distribution of crime across various types of low-income housing developments and estimates the main and interactive effects of housing development and neighborhood characteristics on crime. Negative binomial regression models were estimated to observe the influence of security and design features, neighborhood concentrated disadvantage, residential stability, and nearby nonresidential land use on crime at the housing developments. The findings suggest that low-income housing developments are not uniformly criminogenic, and both development characteristics and neighborhood conditions are relevant for understanding crime in low-income housing developments. Implications for prevention are discussed.

Residents’ relationship with green infrastructure in Cosmo City, Johannesburg

Scholars have expressed concerns about environmental sustainability in low-income housing development in South Africa in terms of the poor households’ relationship with, access to and benefit from natural ecosystems and green spaces. Using a qualitative research approach – discourse-based methods (semi-structured interviews, focus group discussion and transect walks), this paper shows how low-income households in Cosmo City, Johannesburg (South Africa) benefit from green infrastructure at the domestic, neighbourhood and riparian scales. The central lesson from this case is that landscape/urban design, planning and management must recognise and respond to socio-economic and socio-ecological realities and dynamics inherent in the ways low-income households relate with green infrastructure.