Low Heat Input Research Articles

Laser microwelding of stainless steel and pure aluminum foil

Joining of materials, with a strong bearing on the manufacturing industry, has remained an active area of research for decades. The demand for the fabrication of a variety of miniature components has placed more emphasis, in particular, on the welding of thin materials. Welding of thin materials is a challenging task, and more so if they are foils of dissimilar materials, as even a tiny weld flaw invariably can lead to a rapid blemishing of the job. Aluminum with its good thermal and electrical properties, low specific weight, and low cost is often considered a preferred material in many applications. In this communication, the authors present the result of a feasibility study of laser-assisted welding of stainless steel (AISI 304) and pure aluminum foils. A repetitive single-mode nanosecond fiber laser was used to carry out the weld in the lap joint configuration. Welding between the foils was done in the weld brazing mode. Electron microscopy, microhardness measurements, and tensile testing were carried on the weld to evaluate its microstructural and mechanical properties. In the course of welding, stainless steel remained in solid state, while aluminum underwent localized melting over a narrow zone at the interface. The use of very short duration repetitive laser pulses with lower heat input restricted the bulk diffusion of elements across the interface and thereby the generation of the intermetallic compound/second phase with minimum Heat Affected Zone and almost no distortion. This study establishes a nanosecond laser-assisted welding technique as an option for microwelding between stainless steel and aluminum foil.

Effect of Mn/N ratio on microstructure and mechanical behavior of simulated welding heat affected zone in 22% Cr lean duplex stainless steel

The effect of Mn/N ratio on microstructural evolution, mechanical and fracture properties in welding heat affected zone (HAZ) of 22% Cr lean duplex stainless steel (DSS) were investigated. At comparative low heat inputs for low nickel tested DSS, the reformed austenite evolution of HAZ was mainly controlled by N content, and increasing Mn/N ratio promoted the growth of widmanstatten austenite (WA) and inhibited Cr2N precipitates formation in HAZ, and then significantly reduced its strength and elongation due to weakened strengthening effect and the decrease of austenite fraction. The tensile and yield strength of HAZ for 17.80 Mn/N ratio DSS are higher than that of 2205 DSS, but the obstruction of dislocation movement resulted in a sharp decrease of plasticity at high heat input of 2.935KJmm-1. The impact fracture of HAZ changed from ductile to brittle mode with the increase of Mn/N ratio, and for 17.80 Mn/N ratio DSS with high nitrogen content, the widening gaps of hardness and elastic moduli between two-phases in HAZ increased crack tendency, and significantly reduced its toughness. More grain boundary austenite (GBA) and WA formation for 51.14 high Mn/N ratio DSS segmented and refined the ferrite matrix in HAZ and improve impact toughness at higher heat input, while the coarsening of WA and (Cr, Mn) O oxides adversely reduced it to a lesser extent.

Effect of intermetallic compounds on the mechanical property and corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy/steel hybrid fusion-brazed welded structure

Al alloy/steel joint was produced by fusion-brazing welding with different heat inputs to obtain intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer with different thicknesses. Following by enhancing heat input, not only the FeAl binary IMCs (Fe2Al5 and Fe4Al13) became thicker at the interface, the formation of Fe-Al-Si ternary IMCs, such as Fe2Al8Si, also became evident. Nevertheless, the joint strength was maintained at a high level. An increase of corrosion current density with three orders of magnitude was identified when the joint was welded under a high heat input (>632 J/cm) due to the appearance of enhanced tunnelling corrosion caused by ternary IMCs with weld seam. Binary IMCs became less corroded with the increase of heat input arising from the cathodic corrosion protection. Therefore, a low heat input should be utilised to preserve the corrosion resistance of the joint, while keeping its mechanical performance.

Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Laser Beam-Welded Dissimilar Joints between A6000 Aluminum Alloy and Galvanized Steel.

This paper presents the laser beam welding process of a lap joint between galvanized steel (Z225) and an aluminum alloy (A6000) from an IPG fiber laser. Welding of steel to aluminum has become popular in the automotive industry as a means of reducing the total vehicle body mass. This approach reduces fuel consumption and, ultimately, carbon emissions. Laser welding parameters used to control heat input for the study were laser power ranging between 800 and 1200 W, as well as laser welding speeds between 2 and 4 m/min. Distinct features of the dissimilar joints were microscopically examined. The SEM-EDS technique was employed to study the intermetallic phases along the Fe-Al interface. The outcome revealed the presence of “needle-like phases” and “island-shaped phases” at high heat inputs. Traces of both Fe2Al5 and FeAl3 phases were detected. For low heat input, there was evidence of insufficient fusion. Weld width was influenced by welding parameters and increased with an increase in heat input. Mechanical properties of the joints indicated that the microhardness values of the weld joints were higher than those of both base metals. The maximum tensile shear strength obtained was 1.79 kN for a sample produced at 1200 W and 3 m/min.

Advances in joining technologies for the innovation of 21st century lightweight aluminium-CFRP hybrid structures

In the twenty-first century, the application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials in the vehicle industry are growing rapidly due to lightweight, high specific strength, and elasticity. In the automobile and aerospace industries, CFRP needs to be joined with metals to build complete structures. The demand for hybrid structures has prompted research into the combination of CFRP and metals in manufacturing. Aluminium and CFRP structures combine the mechanical properties of aluminium with the superior physical and chemical properties of CFRP. However, joining dissimilar materials is often challenging to achieve. Various joining technologies are developed to produce hybrid joints of CFRP, and aluminium alloys include conventional adhesives, mechanical and thermal joining technologies. In this review article, an extensive review was carried out on the thermal joining technologies include laser welding, friction-based welding technologies, ultrasonic welding, and induction welding processes. The article primarily focused on the current knowledge and process development of these technologies in fabricating dissimilar aluminium and CFRP structures. Besides, according to Industry 4.0 requirements, additive manufacturing-based techniques to fabricate hybrid structures are presented. Finally, this article also addressed the various improvements for the future development of these joining technologies. Ultrasonic welding yields the maximum shear strength among the various hybrid joining technologies due to lower heat input. On the other hand, laser welding produces higher heat input, which deteriorates the mechanical performance of the hybrid joints. Surface pretreatments on material surfaces prior to joining showed a significant effect on joint shear strength. Surface modification using anodizing is considered an optimal method to improve wettability, increasing mechanical interlocking phenomena.

Thermal simulation of the continuous pulse discharge for electro-spark deposition diamond wire saw

Due to their excellent physical and mechanical properties, third-generation super-hard semiconductor materials (such as SiC, GaN) are used widely in the field of microelectronics. However, due to its ultra-high hardness, the machining is very difficult, which has become the bottleneck of its development. Slicing is the first machining procedure that directly affects the subsequent process. Fixed abrasive diamond wire saw (DWS) has been widely used in cutting hard and brittle materials. However, the diamond abrasives are attached to a core wire by resin or electroplated, that slicing super hard crystals is very difficult and inefficient. In order to improve the slicing efficiency, it is necessary to improve the holding strength and wear resistance of the DWS. The electro-spark deposition (ESD) process can deposit electrode materials on the substrate under the condition of low heat input to achieve metallurgical bonding between metal materials. And it can improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and repair the size of the workpiece. It has been widely used in the field of surface modification engineering. It can effectively improve the bonding strength of the abrasive grains, and the sawing ability of the wire saw to make the consolidated DWS by the ESD process. Due to its thin matrix and poor thermal properties, the saw wire is easy to burning or even breaking in the manufacturing process. At present, the selection of pulse interval time in the ESD process is generally determined by the duty factor. However, the pulse interval time selected according to duty factor is difficult to meet the heat dissipation requirements of electro-spark deposition DWS (ESDDWS). In this paper, two kinds of motion modes of ESDDWS manufacturing are put forward, according to the manufacturing characteristics of ESDDWS. The boundary conditions of the continuous pulse discharge of ESDDWS are established. The thermal simulations of continuous pulse discharge of ESDDWS under two motion modes are analyzed. According to the simulation results, the basis of the value of pulse interval in the ESDDWS process is put forward. The effect of pulse interval time on the mechanical performance of the wire saw is analyzed experimentally. The results show that selected the discharge interval time base on the simulation results can ensure the continuous production of the ESDDWS.

Effect of copper donor material-assisted friction stir welding of AA6061-T6 alloy on downward force, microstructure, and mechanical properties

In this research, copper (Cu) donor material-assisted friction stir welding (FSW) of AA6061-T6 alloy was studied. Cu-assisted FSW joints of AA6061-T6 alloy were prepared at a constant tool rotational rate of 1400 rpm and various welding speeds at 1 mm/s and 3 mm/s. The Cu donor material of different thickness (i.e., 20%, 40%, and 60%) with respect to the workpiece thickness was selected to assist the FSW joining at the plunge stage. It is observed that the downward force generated in the FSW process was gradually decreased after introducing Cu donor material with incremental thicknesses with respect to workpiece at the plunge stage. Post-weld analysis was characterized in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties. The results of microstructure analysis at the stir zone (SZ) show the formation of finer grains due to dynamic recrystallization and plastic deformation. Micro-hardness tests reveal that the hardness decreased from the base metal (BM) to the SZ across the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ). The lowest value of hardness appeared in the TMAZ and HAZ where tensile failure occurs. With increasing welding speed, the average hardness in the SZ decreased due to lower heat input and faster cooling rate. Tensile test plots show no significant change in ultimate tensile strength with or without Cu donor material. Fractography of tensile tested samples shows both ductile and brittle like structure for given welding parameters. This proposed work of FSW with Cu donor material is promising to increase tool life due to the decrement of the downforce during plunge and throughout the welding stage. Meanwhile, the inclusion of donor material did not compromise the weld quality in terms of the mechanical properties and micro-hardness.

Friction based solid state welding – A review

The present paper aims to provide a review of an important class of welding process called friction based solid-state welding. Among many other advantages such as low heat input, shorter welding cycle friction based solid-state welding techniques are suitable for joining both similar and dissimilar materials and helps to eliminate the defects associated with the conventional fusion welding techniques and results in welds of high structural integrity. In this paper, two important friction based joining processes were reviewed namely rotatory friction welding (RFW) and linear friction welding (LFW). RFW is well established form of friction welding, while as, LFW is an emerging method of joining. In present article, the joining process is first described which is followed by the process parameters and their effect, finally the application of the process is introduced. In the end a conclusion section along with future outlook is introduced.

Microstructure characterization and mechanical properties of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel pipes using pulsed current GTAW

The 2.25Cr-1Mo pipe was designed to withstand high pressures and temperatures in a variety of industries, including steam boiler pipes,offshore oil drilling, power generation, and petrochemicals. 2.25Cr-1Mo is a good choice for fusion welding and forming. Pulsed current GTAW providesthe advantage of joining thin sections with low heat input, leading to less deformation and warpage than TIG welding. It also allows for better weld pool management, enhanced weld penetration, and improved weld quality with less distortion and warpage. It also allows for better weld pool control, enhanced weld penetration, and improved weld quality. The goal of this research is to use a design of experiments technique to optimize process parameters and describe the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2.25Cr-1Mo pipes welded with pulsed current GTAW (DOE). The Taguchi method is used to choose the L9 (34) orthogonal array (OA) for four factors (pulse current (PC), background current (BC), pulse frequency (PF), and pulse on time (PO)) at three different levels on 2.25Cr-1Mo steel pipe joints. The pulsed current GTAW method is used to obtain the optimal combination for increased weld strength. To find the best process parameters for 2.25Cr-1Mo steel pipes, researchers used an analysis of variance (ANOVA). 220 A Pulse current, 120 A background current, 8 Hz pulse frequency, and 60 %pulse on are shown to be the best parameters for 2.25Cr-1Mo steel. Microhardness, Tensile, and Impact tests are done and compared to the parent material's properties. Some bainitic packets at the weld zone have finer lath structures, whereas others have coarser lath structures. The fracture morphology shows tear ridge, cleavage facets, and ductile dimples where failure occurs at the weld zone and it indicates ductility failure.

Microstructure and hardness evaluation of Stellite 6 coating developed on hot forging die steel using gas tungsten arc cladding process

Hot forging die steels are subjected to severe wear conditions aggregated by severe pressure, high friction and high temperature. These conditions directly affect the die life. Refabrication of dies and improvement of die life can be accomplished by developing a hard coating on the die surface. Cobalt based alloy Stellite6 has excellent wear and corrosion resistant properties and can retain its hardness at high temperature. The retained hardness at elevated temperature is due to carbides dispersion in Co-Cr matrix. In the present study, gas tungsten arc cladding (GTAC) process is used to deposit Stellite6 powder on die steel (56NiCrMoV7). GTAC process has benefits like lower heat input, better weld bead control, low distortion, low gas absorption and low cracking tendency. This study deals with the evaluation of hardness, microstructure and cracking tendency of the deposited cladding layer. Claddings are developed with four different heat inputs by changing the current (55, 65, 75 and 85A) at constant scan speed. It has been observed that at 55A current the heat input is not sufficient to melt the powder and deposit on the surface, whereas at 85A current, small clad layer is developed. It has also been observed that except cladding developed at 85A current; other claddings are cracked just below the cladding layer and the samples are distorted due to the thermal stresses developed during cladding process. This emphasis that pre-heating and post-heating are required for GTAC process. The micro-hardness of clad layer and dilution layer is about 430 ± 10 HV0.5, whereas heat affected zone and base material are 750 HV0.5 and 390 ± 10 HV0.5 respectively. The combined height of the clad zone and dilution zone ranges from 1.237 to 2.489 mm.

Особенности формирования микроструктуры и механических свойств алюминиевой бронзы при различном тепловложении во время электронно-лучевой аддитивной печати

Microstructure and mechanical characteristics of aluminum bronze fabricated using electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) under adjusting the heat input as a function of the sample’s height have been investigated. It was shown that such an adjustment of the heat input had effect on the dendrite grain size and morphology as well as mechanical characteristics. Columnar high aspect ratio grains were formed during deposition at maximum heat input values. The columnar grain width in section parallel to the deposition direction was increasing in EBAM conducted at lower heat input. Tensile static testing showed that the tensile strength values were improving from 435 to 483 MPa in the process. Some moderate degree of anisotropy has been revealed between samples oriented by their tensile axes parallel and perpendicular to the deposition direction. Samples with tensile axes parallel to the deposition direction showed higher tensile strength and less plasticity as compared to those of samples with perpendicular orientations of their tensile axes. In addition, the heat input adjustment had no effect on the mean width of columnar grains measured in a section perpendicular to the deposition direction.

Effect of heat input and heat treatment on the microstructure and toughness of pipeline girth friction welded API 5L X65 steel

High-strength low-alloy steels (HSLA) have been considered key materials for the petroleum industry for the construction of pipelines to move oil and gas for long distances. Conventional welding processes may produce important microstructural changes, which negatively impact the mechanical behavior of the pipeline material. Alternatively, pipeline girth friction welding is an excellent choice to lessen the detrimental effect on microstructure since it is a one-shot low heat input process. This work aims to optimize impact toughness – the most affected mechanical property - to qualify pipeline girth friction welded API 5L X65 steel joints according to the requirements of the DNV OS F101: 2013 international standard. The impact toughness optimization process relied on the evaluation of the welding parameters' effect on heat input and on post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). The results indicated that even though the single thermal cycle imposed lowered the size and fraction of martensite-austenite (M/A) constituent in the as-welded condition, impact toughness was notably reduced due to previously austenite grain growth and unfavorable crystallographic texture. However, at least part of the original base material's impact toughness can be restored by decreasing the heat input, although not sufficient to qualify the weld. Otherwise, PWHT led to grain size refinement and reduced crystallographic texture, which in turn improved impact toughness beyond the minimum level specified by the technical standard.

Experimental and numerical studies of laser-welded slender stainless steel I-section columns

Stainless steel has extensive applications in the construction industry because of its attractive appearance, unique corrosion resistance, durability, and superior mechanical properties. Laser-welding is a manufacturing process that is suitable for connecting various steel and stainless steel. High precision and low heat input characteristics make it have smaller heat-affected zones than the traditional welding process, resulting in lower thermal distortions and residual stress to give it increased load-carrying capacity. The present paper focuses on investigating the structural response of laser-welded slender stainless steel I-section columns to address the lack of test data. Nine stub columns tests and ten long columns tests were analysed for slender I-sections of austenitic laser-welded stainless steel of two stainless steel alloys (austenitic EN 1.4301 and EN 1.4307). Additionally, the material tensile coupon tests, residual stress measurements, and initial geometric imperfection measurements were performed. The observed results verified a representative residual stress pattern. The finite element model was validated based on the test results and parametric analysis was carried out on laser-welded slender stainless steel I-section axially compressed members. Further, the study evaluated the cross-sectional and column buckling resistances for European code EN 1993-1-4, American Design Guide AISC 27, and Continuous Strength Method. Interestingly, the continuous strength method reflected significantly better buckling behaviour of slender I-sections. Although this method gives more accurate results than the code predictions, slight conservatism predictions were still found for slender I-section columns with room for improvement.

On the Effect of Heat Input and Interpass Temperature on the Performance of Inconel 625 Alloy Deposited Using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing–Cold Metal Transfer Process

Relatively high heat input and heat accumulation are treated as critical challenges to affect the qualities and performances of components fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). In this study, various heat inputs, namely 276, 552 and 828 J/mm, were performed to fabricate three thin-wall Inconel 625 structures by cold metal transfer (CMT)-based WAAM, respectively, and active interpass cooling was conducted to limit heat accumulation. The macrostructure, microstructure and mechanical properties of the produced components by CMT were investigated. It was found that the increased heat input can deteriorate surface roughness, and the size of dendrite arm spacing increases with increasing heat input, thus leading to the deterioration of mechanical properties. Lower heat input and application of active interpass cooling can be an effective method to refine microstructure and reduce anisotropy. This study enhances the understanding of interpass temperature control and the effectiveness of heat inputs for Inconel 625 alloy by WAAM. It also provides a valuable in situ process for microstructure and mechanical properties’ refinement of WAAM-fabricated alloys and the control of heat accumulation for the fabrication of large-sized structures for future practical applications.

Investigation on Impact of Heat Input on Microstructural, Mechanical, and Intergranular Corrosion Properties of Gas Tungsten Arc-Welded Ti-Stabilized 439 Ferritic Stainless Steel

In the present study, gas tungsten arc welding was employed to weld Ti-stabilized 439 ferritic stainless steel using 308L austenitic stainless steel filler electrode with varying heat input, i.e., low heat input (LHI) and high heat input (HHI). The optical microstructure revealed the formation of retained austenite (RA) and ferrite in the weld zone (WZ), whereas the peppery structure consisting of chromium-rich carbides were observed in the heat-affected zone for both the weldments. The volumetric fraction of RA was calculated using X-ray diffraction analysis. The RA’s content decreased, whereas grain size in WZ increased with an increase in heat input. The local misorientation and grain boundary distribution in the welded region was investigated by electron backscattered diffraction. The LHI weldment depicted the higher micro-hardness and tensile strength attributed to the higher content of RA as compared to HHI; however, the opposite trend was observed for the intergranular corrosion resistance.

Pulse spray gas metal arc welding of advanced high strength S650MC automotive steel

With an increasing demand for safer and greener vehicles, mild steel and high strength steel are being replaced by much stronger advanced high strength steels of thinner gauges. However, the welding process of advanced high strength steels is not developed at the same pace. The performance of these welded automotive structural components depends largely on the external and internal quality of weldment. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is one of the most common methods used in the automotive industry to join car body parts of dissimilar high strength steels. It is also recognized for its versatility and speed. In this work, after a review of GMAW process and issues in welding of advanced high strength steels, a welding experiment is carried out with varying heat input by using spray and pulse-spray transfer GMAW method with filler wires of three different strength levels. The experiment results, including macro-microstructure, mechanical properties, and microhardness of weld samples, are investigated in detail. Very good weldability of S650MC is demonstrated through the weld joint efficiency > 90%; no crack in bending of weld joints, or fracture of tensile test sample within weld joint or heat affected zone (HAZ), or softening of the HAZ. Pulse spray is superior because of thinner HAZ width and finer microstructure on account of lower heat input. The impact of filler wire strength on weldability is insignificant. However, high strength filler wire (ER100SG) may be chosen as per standard welding practice of matching strength.

A Study on the Fiber YAG Laser Welding of 304L Stainless Steel

This work aims to optimize the main YAG fiber laser parameters to weld 304L stainless steel plates of 3 mm thick. Different laser powers (2500, 2000, and 1500 W) and speeds (60, 40, and 20 mm/s) were used and merged in heat input, maintaining the defocusing distance at –2 mm to get full penetration. The weld quality and the effect of the laser heat input on the microstructures of the weld and heat-affected zones were investigated. Besides, the fracture strength of the welded joints and hardness distribution through the cross-sections were evaluated. The weld width has a direct relationship with heat input. The laser power of 2800 W produced full penetration joints without any macro defects while reduction in laser power pronounced partial penetration defects. The size of the heat-affected zone in all the processing parameters was very small. The microstructure of the weld zone shows columnar dendrite austenite grains with small arm spacing in most of the welded zone. The size of the dendrites became finer at lower heat input. At a higher heat input, a reasonable amount of lathy equiaxed grains with some delta ferrite occurred. A small amount of delta ferrite was detected in the heat-affected zone, which prevented the crack formation. The hardness of the weld metal was much higher than that of the base metal in all processing parameters and it has a reverse relationship with the heat input. The fracture strength of the welded joints was very close to that of the base metal in the defect-free samples and it increased with decreasing the heat input.

Recrystallization Behavior of CP Ti Welds by Rolling

Electrolytic copper foil is a thin copper film material manufactured by electroplating and is mainly used as a circuit material to transmit electrical signals in printed circuit boards of electronic products such as TVs, PCs, and smartphones. Recently, it has been widely used as a negative current collector for lithium-ion batteries, which is essential for mobile IT and electric vehicles. The electrodeposited drum material is composed of CP Ti, which exhibits corrosion resistance and has a light weight, and welding is essential for processing in the form of a drum. Therefore, when the microstructures of the base metal and the welded part differ, these differences are reflected in the surface of the copper foil, which results in poor quality. Therefore, in this study, a welding process that required a low heat input while minimizing the size of the weld was used, and the change in the grain size was studied through plastic deformation and recrystallization heat treatment of the weld structure. Following the recrystallization heat treatment after the rolling of the plasma welded specimen, it was found that the calculation results of the recrystallization heat treatment were consistent with the actual conditions of the heat treatment, and the microstructure of the weld metal became finer as the rolling reduction rate increased.

High-Power Fiber Laser Welding of High-Strength AA7075-T6 Aluminum Alloy Welds for Mechanical Properties Research.

The results disclosed that both the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA7075-T6 laser welds are considerably influenced by the heat input. In comparison with high heat input (arc welding), a smaller weld fusion zone with a finer dendrite arm spacing, limited loss of alloying elements, less intergranular segregation, and reduced residual tensile stress was obtained using low heat input. This resulted in a lower tendency of porosity and hot cracking, which improved the welded metal’s soundness. Subsequently, higher hardness as well as higher tensile strength for the welded joint was obtained with lower heat input. A welded joint with better mechanical properties and less mechanical discrepancy is important for better productivity. The implemented high-power fiber laser has enabled the production of a low heat input welded joint using a high welding speed, which is of considerable importance for minimizing not only the fusion zone size but also the deterioration of its properties. In other words, high-power fiber laser welding is a viable solution for recovering the mechanical properties of the high-strength AA 7075-T6 welds. These results are encouraging to build upon for further improvement of the mechanical properties to be comparable with the base metal.

Effect of heat input and post-weld heat treatment on surface, texture, microstructure, and mechanical properties of dissimilar laser beam welded AISI 2507 super duplex to AISI 904L super austenitic stainless steels

In this study, AISI 2507 super duplex and AISI 904L super austenitic stainless steel sheets were successfully joined using a laser welding method with two different laser powers and laser speeds. The effects of different welding heat inputs and post-weld heat treatment on the surface, texture, microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded joints were investigated. The results obtained in this study showed that the weld metal microstructure predominantly composed of austenite phase. In addition, the occurrence of γ-austenite (dendritic), interdendritic, ferrite, and planar, coplanar, and stacking fault was observed and also Cr23C6 precipitate was formed in the microstructure with the effect of heat treatment. In the sample joined with low heat input, an increase was observed in tensile strength, yield strength and hardness compared to the samples joined using high heat input, and a decrease in impact toughness occurred. With the effect of heat treatment, a decrease was observed in tensile, yield strength and hardness and an increase was observed in ductility and toughness. In addition, there was no significant change in the bending forces of all laser-welded samples, and the bending occurred on the super austenitic stainless steel side. While the austenite grains exhibited random orientation in the non-heat-treated and heat-treated AISI 2507 base metal and weld metal, the non-heat-treated and heat-treated AISI 904L base metal showed an orientation in the [101] and [111] directions in the transverse direction, respectively. The change in the ratio of the Schmid factor and coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries has a significant effect on the mechanical properties. In addition, since the kernel average misorientation (KAM) values in the interdendritic, ferrite grains and grain boundaries were higher than the austenite grains, the residual stresses were found to be higher. When the γ-austenite (dendritic), interdendritic and δ-ferrite textures were examined in the 3D-orientation distribution function maps of the non-heat-treated and heat-treated base metal and weld metal, γ-fibre and α-fibre orientations were observed at high density, and recrystallisation component (112) 〈111〉 at high density and component (113)〈332〉 with high toughness at high density appeared. The γ-austenite grains in the base metal and weld metal of the non-heat-treated and heat-treated samples showed a closer Kurdjumov–Sachs (KS) orientation relationship (OR) compared to the interdendritic and δ-ferrite grains. In the γ/δ and γ/interdendritic ORs, KS OR was generally observed, while Bain OR was observed in the heat-treated super duplex base metal. ORs known in the literature were not observed in the non-heat-treated weld metal. Densities observed in the non-heat-treated and heat-treated weld metal showed that as the sputtering time increased, the O1s spectrum decreased, and the Fe 2p, Cr 2p, Ni 2p and Mo 3d spectra increased.