Low Glycemic Load Diet Research Articles

Pengaruh diet dengan pengaturan indeks glikemik dan beban glikemik terhadap kadar glukosa darah atlet sepak bola remaja

Background : Stability of blood glucose level is the important key of football match. Low Glycemic Load (GL) foods can decrease the metabolism change during postprandial time and during exercise. Objective : The purpose of this study was to know the effect of diet with arrangement Glycemic Index (GI) and GL on blood glucose level in young football athletes.Methods : Quasi experimental study on 21 male football athletes aged 14-18 years old at Pusat Pendidikan dan Latihan Pelajar (PPLP) Jawa Tengah. Subjects were divided into three groups : High GI with High GL diet (H-H) with GI=70 GL=47, Low GI with High GL diet (L-H) with GI=35 GL=22, and Low GI with Low GL diet (L-L) with GI=34 GL=6. Subjects fasted before intervention. Data collected were VO2max and body fat percentage, blood glucose level one hour after intervention (BGL 1), blood glucose level two hour after intervention (BGL 2), and blood glucose level after running exercised with distance 2.4 km (BGL 3). Bivariate analysis used Kruskall Wallis test.Results : All of groups have same characteristics of age, body fat precentage, and VO2max. There were significant effect of diet with arrangement GI and GL on BGL 1 and BGL 2 (p<0.05), there was no effect of diet with arrangement GI and GL on BGL 3 (p>0.05).Conclusion : Diets with arrangement Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load affected blood glucose level one hour and two hour after intervention. The increases of blood glucose level occured significantly in group that given low Glycemic Index and low Glycemic Load diet.

Glycemic index and glycemic load of the diets of Japanese adults: the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan.

The aim of this study was to examine the dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of Japanese adults, as well as their nutritional correlates, in the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan. Dietary data from 15 618 adults aged ≥20y, collected using a 1-d weighed dietary record, were analyzed. The GI of foods was assigned based on a stepwise published strategy using values from common GI databases. Mean (SD) dietary GI and GL were 65.9 (4.9) and 190.1 (59.7), respectively, for men and 63.9 (5) and 149.1 (44.1), respectively, for women. Regardless of sex, the top contributor to dietary GL was white rice (GI=76; >50%), followed by bread (6-8%), noodles (5-6%), and confectioneries (4-7%). White rice was not only positively associated with dietary GI but also contributed most (∼38%) to interindividual variation in dietary GI. For dietary GL, ∼90% of the interindividual variation was explained by carbohydrate-rich foods (mainly white rice; ∼50%), all of which were positive predictors. At the nutrient level, only carbohydrate intake was positively associated with dietary GI and GL, whereas intakes of all other nutrients including saturated fatty acid and sodium showed inverse associations (with some exceptions). Dietary GI and GL of Japanese adults were primarily determined by the high GI food white rice, and were thus relatively high compared with values observed in Western countries. A low GI and GL diet was associated with both favorable (higher intakes of micronutrients) and unfavorable (higher intakes of saturated fatty acid and sodium) aspects of dietary intake patterns.

A 13-week low glycemic load diet and lifestyle modification program combining low glycemic load protein shakes and targeted nutraceuticals improved weight loss and cardio-metabolic risk factors.

An open-label, randomized, exploratory study of 44 healthy overweight subjects with cardio-metabolic syndrome (CMS) risk factors was conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a proprietary lifestyle modification program without (DIET) and with (PROG) targeted nutraceutical supplementation, including phytosterols, antioxidants, probiotics, fish oil, berberine, and soy, pea, and whey proteins over 13 weeks. Key metrics were recorded at baseline and weeks 9 and 13. For the DIET and PROG groups, compliance was 85% and 86%, respectively, with no adverse events related to the diet or supplements. Twelve subjects discontinued participation before week 9 for reasons unrelated to the study. PROG subjects experienced greater decreases (p < 0.05) than DIET in body mass, fat mass, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, TG, cholesterol / HDL ratio, TG/HDL ratio, apolipoprotein B / apolipoprotein A1 ratio, and hs-CRP. The Framingham 10-year cardiovascular disease risk score decreased by 40% (p < 0.01) in the PROG arm versus no change for the DIET arm. As a pilot study, it was not possible to state whether the observed effects were the result of nutraceutical supplementation alone or the result of additive or synergistic interactions among diet, lifestyle modifications, and nutraceutical supplementation. Moreover, individuals with CMS risk factors following a lifestyle modification program received additional health benefits from targeted nutraceutical supplementation.

Systematic Review: Nutrition and Physical Activity in the Management of Paediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

The aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy of nutrition and physical activity interventions in the clinical management of paediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The prevalence of paediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease continues to rise alongside childhood obesity. Weight loss through lifestyle modification is currently first-line treatment, although supplementation of specific dietary components may be beneficial. Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Libraries were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials assessing nutritional and physical activity interventions. Primary outcome measures were changes to liver biomarkers assessed by imaging, histology, or serum liver function tests. Study quality was evaluated using the American Dietetic Association Quality Criteria Checklist. Fifteen articles met eligibility criteria investigating nutritional supplementation (vitamin E [n = 6], probiotics [n = 2], omega-3 fatty acids [n = 5]), dietary modification (low glycaemic load [n = 1] and reducing fructose intake [n = 1]). No randomized controlled trials examining physical activity interventions were identified. Vitamin E was ineffective at improving alanine transaminase levels, whereas omega-3 fatty acids decreased hepatic fat content. Probiotics gave mixed results, whereas reduced fructose consumption did not improve primary outcome measures. A low glycaemic load diet and a low-fat diet appeared equally effective in decreasing hepatic fat content and transaminases. Most studies were deemed neutral as assessed by the American Dietetic Association Quality Criteria Checklist. The limited evidence base inhibits the prescription of specific dietary and/or lifestyle strategies for clinical practice. General healthy eating and physical activity guidelines, promoting weight loss, should remain first-line treatment until high-quality evidence emerges that support specific interventions that offer additional clinical benefit.

Pretreatment fasting plasma glucose and insulin modify dietary weight loss success: results from 3 randomized clinical trials

Background: Which diet is optimal for weight loss and maintenance remains controversial and implies that no diet fits all patients.Objective: We studied concentrations of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FI) as prognostic markers for successful weight loss and maintenance through diets with different glycemic loads or different fiber and whole-grain content, assessed in 3 randomized trials of overweight participants.Design: After an 8-wk weight loss, participants in the DiOGenes (Diet, Obesity, and Genes) trial consumed ad libitum for 26 wk a diet with either a high or a low glycemic load. Participants in the Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet (OPUS) Supermarket intervention (SHOPUS) trial consumed ad libitum for 26 wk the New Nordic Diet, which is high in fiber and whole grains, or a control diet. Participants in the NUGENOB (Nutrient-Gene Interactions in Human Obesity) trial consumed a hypocaloric low-fat and high-carbohydrate or a high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet for 10 wk. On the basis of FPG before treatment, participants were categorized as normoglycemic (FPG <5.6 mmol/L), prediabetic (FPG 5.6-6.9 mmol/L), or diabetic (FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L). Modifications of the dietary effects of FPG and FI before treatment were examined with linear mixed models.Results: In the DiOGenes trial, prediabetic individuals regained a mean of 5.83 kg (95% CI: 3.34, 8.32 kg; P < 0.001) more on the high- than on the low-glycemic load diet, whereas normoglycemic individuals regained a mean of 1.44 kg (95% CI: 0.48, 2.41 kg; P = 0.003) more [mean group difference: 4.39 kg (95% CI: 1.76, 7.02 kg); P = 0.001]. In SHOPUS, prediabetic individuals lost a mean of 6.04 kg (95% CI: 4.05, 8.02 kg; P < 0.001) more on the New Nordic Diet than on the control diet, whereas normoglycemic individuals lost a mean of 2.20 kg (95% CI: 1.21, 3.18 kg; P < 0.001) more [mean group difference: 3.84 kg (95% CI: 1.62, 6.06 kg); P = 0.001]. In NUGENOB, diabetic individuals lost a mean of 2.04 kg (95% CI: -0.20, 4.28 kg; P = 0.07) more on the high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet than on the low-fat and high-carbohydrate diet, whereas normoglycemic individuals lost a mean of 0.43 kg (95% CI: 0.03, 0.83 kg; P = 0.03) more on the low-fat and high-carbohydrate diet [mean group difference: 2.47 kg (95% CI: 0.20, 4.75 kg); P = 0.03]. The addition of FI strengthened these associations.Conclusion: Elevated FPG before treatment indicates success with dietary weight loss and maintenance among overweight patients consuming diets with a low glycemic load or with large amounts of fiber and whole grains. These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00390637 (DiOGenes) and NCT01195610 (SHOPUS), and at ISRNCT.com as ISRCTN25867281 (NUGENOB).

Association between glycemic load and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults: Results from the Brain in Motion study

Impaired glucose tolerance is a risk factor for non-age-related cognitive decline and is also associated with measures of physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). A low glycemic load (GL) diet can aid in the management of blood glucose levels, but little is known about its effect on cognition with poor glucoregulation. We assessed the relation between GL and cognitive function by glucoregulation and possible mediatory effects by CRF and PA in older adults from the Brain in Motion Study. A cross-sectional analysis of 194 cognitively healthy adults aged ≥55 years (mean=65.7, SD=6.1) was conducted. GL was assessed using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and glucoregulation was characterized on the HOMA-IR index. Subjects also completed a cognitive assessment, CRF testing, a validated self-reported PA questionnaire, and a blood draw. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for significant covariates were used to evaluate the relation between GL and cognition, and mediation by CRF and PA was also assessed. GL was inversely associated with global cognition (β=-0.014; 95% CI-0.024,-0.004) and figural memory (β=-0.035; 95% CI-0.052,-0.018) in subjects with poor glucoregulation. Neither CRF nor PA mediated these relations. In subjects with good glucoregulation, no association was found between GL and cognitive function (p>0.05). A low GL diet is associated with better cognitive function in older adults with poor glucoregulation. This study provides supportive evidence for the role of GL in maintaining better cognitive function during the aging process.

Yogurt Is a Low–Glycemic Index Food

High yogurt intake is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Although several mechanisms could explain this association, this paper addresses the glycemic and insulinemic impact of yogurt. There is evidence that low-glycemic index (GI) and low-glycemic load (GL) diets are associated with a reduced risk of T2DM. The 93 GI values for yogurt in the University of Sydney's GI database have a mean ± SD of 34 ± 13, and 92% of the yogurts are low-GI (≤55). The 43 plain yogurts in the database have a lower GI than the 50 sweetened yogurts, 27 ± 11 compared with 41 ± 11 (P < 0.0001). This difference is not explained by sugar, per se, but rather by the higher protein-to-carbohydrate ratio in plain yogurt. Although yogurt has a low GI, its insulinemic index (II) is higher than its GI. High insulin responses may be deleterious because hyperinsulinemia is associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Nevertheless, this may not be a concern for yogurt because, although its II is higher than its GI, the II of yogurt is within the range of II values for nondairy low-GI foods. In addition, mixed meals containing dairy protein elicit insulin responses similar to those elicited by mixed meals of similar composition containing nondairy protein. Because the GI of yogurt is lower than that of most other carbohydrate foods, exchanging yogurt for other protein and carbohydrate sources can reduce the GI and GL of the diet, and is in line with recommended dietary patterns, which include whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, fish, vegetable oils, and yogurt.

Ernährungstherapie bei Diabetes

AbstractNutritional therapy of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes is based on a healthy balanced diet that is complemented by evidenced based guidelines for nutritional counselling of comorbidities like obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Dietary recommendations are further individualized based on medication (i. e. for prevention of hypoglycemia) and according to personal preferences (e. g. regarding macronutrient composition). Avoidance of long-term complications and improvement of prognosis are main objectives of nutritional therapy in the vulnerable group of patients with diabetes. In normal weight patients with type 1 diabetes, optimal glycemic control is the major target of counselling. In patients with type 2 diabetes, reduction of cardiovascular risk is also in the focus of therapy. In contrast to non-diabetic patients the treatment of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes not only requires lowering of LDL cholesterol by limitation of saturated fat intake but also needs a strategy for reduction of triglyceride levels. Both therapeutic aims can be best achieved by a high fiber low glycemic load diet with a high proportion of oleic acid.

Ernährungstherapie bei Diabetes

Nutritional therapy of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes is based on a healthy balanced diet that is complemented by evidenced based guidelines for nutritional counselling of comorbidities like obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Dietary recommendations are further individualized based on medication (i. e. for prevention of hypoglycemia) and according to personal preferences (e. g. regarding macronutrient composition). Avoidance of long-term complications and improvement of prognosis are main objectives of nutritional therapy in the vulnerable group of patients with diabetes. In normal weight patients with type 1 diabetes, optimal glycemic control is the major target of counselling. In patients with type 2 diabetes, reduction of cardiovascular risk is also in the focus of therapy. In contrast to non-diabetic patients the treatment of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes not only requires lowering of LDL cholesterol by limitation of saturated fat intake but also needs a strategy for reduction of triglyceride levels. Both therapeutic aims can be best achieved by a high fiber low glycemic load diet with a high proportion of oleic acid.

Edible Plants and Their Influence on the Gut Microbiome and Acne.

Acne vulgaris affects most people at some point in their lives. Due to unclear etiology, likely with multiple factors, targeted and low-risk treatments have yet to be developed. In this review, we explore the multiple causes of acne and how plant-based foods and supplements can control these. The proposed causative factors include insulin resistance, sex hormone imbalances, inflammation and microbial dysbiosis. There is an emerging body of work on the human gut microbiome and how it mediates feedback between the foods we eat and our bodies. The gut microbiome is also an important mediator of inflammation in the gut and systemically. A low-glycemic load diet, one rich in plant fibers and low in processed foods, has been linked to an improvement in acne, possibly through gut changes or attenuation of insulin levels. Though there is much interest in the human microbiome, there is much more unknown, especially along the gut-skin axis. Collectively, the evidence suggests that approaches such as plant-based foods and supplements may be a viable alternative to the current first line standard of care for moderate acne, which typically includes antibiotics. Though patient compliance with major dietary changes is likely much lower than with medications, it is a treatment avenue that warrants further study and development.

Relationship between dietary carbohydrates intake and circulating sex hormone-binding globulin levels in postmenopausal women.

Low circulating levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) have been shown to be a direct and strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hormone-dependent cancers, although the relationship between various aspects of dietary carbohydrates and SHBG levels remains unexplored in population studies. Among postmenopausal women with available SHBG measurements at baseline (n = 11 159) in the Women's Health Initiative, a comprehensive assessment was conducted of total dietary carbohydrates, glycemic load (GL), glycemic index (GI), fiber, sugar, and various carbohydrate-abundant foods in relation to circulating SHBG levels using multiple linear regressions adjusting for potential covariates. Linear trend was tested across quartiles of dietary variables. Benjamini and Hochberg's procedure was used to calculate the false discovery rate for multiple comparisons. Higher dietary GL and GI (both based on total and available carbohydrates) and a higher intake of sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages were associated with lower circulating SHBG concentrations (all P trend < 0.05; Q -values = 0.04,0.01, 0.07, 0.10, 0.01, and <0.0001, respectively). In contrast, women with a greater intake of dietary fiber tended to have elevated SHBG levels (P trend = 0.01, Q -value = 0.04). There was no significant association between total carbohydrates or other carbohydrate-abundant foods and SHBG concentrations. The findings suggest that low GL or GI diets with low sugar and high fiber content may be associated with higher serum SHBG concentrations among postmenopausal women. Future studies investigating whether lower GL or GI diets increase SHBG concentrations are warranted.

Lower glycemic load meals reduce diurnal glycemic oscillations in women with risk factors for gestational diabetes

ObjectiveMaternal glycemia plays a key role in fetal growth. We hypothesized that lower glycemic load (GL) meals (lower glycemic index, modestly lower carbohydrate) would substantially reduce day-long glucose variability in...

Effects of hypoglycemia index and hypoglycemia loaded diet on oxidative stress and anthropometric parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective To evaluate the effects of low blood sugar production index (LGI) combined with low blood sugar production burden (LGL) dietary intervention on blood glucose, oxidative stress and anthropometric indicators in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 150 cases of type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups, maintain the original treatment plan of two groups, 75 patients in the control group were given traditional food interchange method for dietary intervention; the experimental group of 75 patients, provide food education based on LGI+ LGI food exchange method, the time period of 3 months. Fasting blood glucose (FPG)、2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG) , Glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc) , Superoxide dismutase (SOD) , Malondialdehyde (MDA) , Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Body Mass Index (BMI) , Waist circumference (WC) Upper arm muscle circumference (AMC) , Triceps skin fold thickness (TSF) were observed before and after the intervention. Results There were no significant differences in blood glucose, oxidative stress and anthropometry between the two groups (P > 0.05) . After intervention, in the control group: FPG, 2hPG, HbAlc, SOD, MDA, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, BMI, WC, AMC, TSF were (10.27±2.67) mmol/L, (11.51±2.54) mmol/L, (8.78±1.95)%, (322.73±51.97) kU/L, (5.80±1.76) μmol/L, (40.78±4.86) μmol/L, (19.33±4.79) μmol/L, (23.94±3.18) kg/m2, (89.57±10.23) cm, (24.10±3.01) cm, (18.38±3.79) mm respectively. In the experimental group: they were (8.76±2.77) mmol/L, (10.63±1.76) mmol/L, (7.96±1.86)%, (357.29±60.04) kU/L, (5.26±1.33) μmol/L, (44.01±7.06) μmol/L, (21.58±5.25) μmol/L, (22.93±2.75) kg/m2, (86.05±10.79) cm, (22.75±2.86) cm, (16.98±4.48) mm respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups after intervention (t=2.049-3.769, all P < 0.05). In the experimental group, the improvement of blood sugar, oxidative stress and anthropometry was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions LGI combined with LGL diet intervention is better than the traditional method of food interchange, the blood glucose, oxidative stress and anthropometric indicators have improved, which can improve treatment efficacy in type 2 diabetes and easy for home self-management. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Low glycemic index; Low glycemic load diet; Oxidative stress; Anthropometric indicators

Low glycemic load diets protect against metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the male Nile rat

BackgroundDietary modification helps prevent and manage Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in humans and Nile rats. Specifically fibrous legumes, like lentils, benefit humans, but whether this reflects a specific change in the Glycemic Load (GLoad) remains controversial. Accordingly, low-GLoad foods were tested in the glucose-sensitive Nile rat. Methods131 male Nile rats aged 3 weeks to 15 months were challenged during four experiments with 15 dietary exposures that varied Glycemic Index (GI, 36–88), GLoad (102–305/2000 kcal), and cumulative GLoad (Cum GLoad=days×GLoad, 181–537g total glucose). ResultsLentil diets with low GLoads (102, 202) prevented, delayed, reduced, even reversed the progress of MetS and T2DM as measured by blood glucose (fasting, random, and oral glucose tolerance test) and plasma lipid parameters (plasma cholesterol and triglycerides) plus necropsy findings (liver and kidney pathology plus adipose reserves). The benefit from lentils exceeded dietary factors such as macronutrient composition (%Energy from carbohydrate:fat:protein, between 70:10:20 to 40:40:20), total fiber (0–24%), or dietary caloric density (2.9–4.7 kcal/g). The benefit of a low GLoad applied equally to rats inherently susceptible or resistant to T2DM, based on random glucose above or below 75 mg/dl, respectively, during interventions of 7-17 weeks. ConclusionsMeasuring total food intake and the novel concept of Cum GLoad during growth generated strong correlations (up to r=0.93) between Cum GLoad and parameters of MetS and T2DM, especially during sexual maturation. The present experiments confirm the applicability of male Nile rats to diet-induced human T2DM, and suggest dietary compositions to deter MetS and T2DM in humans.

Calorically restricted diets decrease PCSK9 in overweight adolescents

Background and aimsNutritional therapy is the first line approach to treatment of hyperlipidemia in childhood. Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulator of plasma cholesterol levels and a target of novel lipid-lowering pharmacotherapies. We examined the effects of an intensive nutritional intervention on PCSK9 levels in overweight adolescents with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Methods and resultsTwenty seven obese and overweight adolescents with CVD risk factors were assigned to either a low fat or low glycemic load diet. During an 8-week “Intensive Phase,” assigned meals were delivered to the home, and all participants received weekly in-person home nutrition counseling and phone calls. The subjects then underwent a 4-month “Maintenance Phase” without food provision and with no in-person contact. Anthropometric measurements, laboratory data, and serum PCSK9 protein levels were measured at baseline, 8 weeks, and 6 months. PCSK9 decreased by 16.5% at 8 weeks (201.2 ± 56.3 vs 165.6 ± 58.4 ng/mL; p < 0.001); PCSK9 levels returned to baseline levels at 6 months, after the Maintenance Phase. Change in PCSK9 was associated with change in fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and AUC insulin, independent of weight loss. ConclusionsPCSK9 decreased in youth participating in an intensive dietary intervention. Change in HOMA-IR was associated with change in PCSK9, independent of weight loss, suggesting an important relationship with insulin sensitivity.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01080339.

A Low Glycemic Load Diet Improves the Hormonal Response Associated with Acne in a Cohort of Adults with Moderate and Severe Acne

A Low Glycemic Load Diet Improves the Hormonal Response Associated with Acne in a Cohort of Adults with Moderate and Severe Acne

Subjective mood and energy levels of healthy weight and overweight/obese healthy adults on high-and low-glycemic load experimental diets

Emerging evidence suggests a positive association of diet and obesity with depression. Researchers have examined several diet-mood hypotheses, including investigating the extent to which carbohydrates may impact mood. There is limited research on how glycemic load, a characteristic of carbohydrates, impacts mood in healthy adults. Eighty-two healthy weight and overweight/obese, but otherwise healthy, adults enrolled in a randomized, crossover controlled feeding study testing low-compared to high-glycemic load diets. All participants completed self-report mood and energy level questionnaires during each arm of the intervention. Diets were isocaloric and were matched by macronutrient content as a percent of total energy. Mood was assessed with the Profile of Mood States (POMS) subscales; tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility, vigor-activity, fatigue-inertia, and confusion-bewilderment, total mood disturbance (TMD), and negative affect (NA) in addition to the Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression (CES-D) scale at baseline and end of both 28-day feeding periods. Linear mixed models tested the intervention effect on mood, controlling for baseline POMS and CES-D scores, diet type, diet sequence, feeding period, sex, and percent body fat classification. The consumption of the high-glycemic load diet resulted in a 38% higher score for depressive symptoms on the CES-D (P = 0.002) compared to the low-glycemic load diet as well as 55% higher score for TMD (P = 0.05), and 26% higher score for fatigue/inertia (P = 0.04). In subgroup analyses, the overweight/obese participants had 40% higher scores on the CES-D scale compared to healthy weight participants (P = 0.05). In conclusion, a high-glycemic load diet was associated with higher depression symptoms, total mood disturbance, and fatigue compared to a low-glycemic load diet especially in overweight/obese, but otherwise healthy, adults.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00622661.

Effect of Low‐Glycemic Index/Load Diets on Body Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

ObjectiveIt is unclear whether low glycemic index and load diets contribute to weight loss. To synthesize the evidence of the effect of low glycemic index/load (GI/GL) diets on body weight in order to inform clinical practice guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials.MethodsWe searched Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (through June 2 2015). We included randomized controlled trials ≥12 weeks investigating the effect of a low‐GI or low‐GL intervention compared with an isocaloric control diet on body weight in participants that are overweight or obese (BMI &gt;25 kg/m2). Two independent reviewers extracted all relevant data, assessed risk of bias of individual trials using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran Q statistic and quantified by the I2 statistic.ResultsEligibility criteria were met by 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (22 comparisons) involving 1,577 overweight or obese participants. Low GI/GL diets resulted in a non‐significant decrease in body weight compared with higher GI/GL control diets (MD= −0.32 kg (95% CIs −0.86 kg, 0.23 kg) with evidence of substantial inter‐study heterogeneity (I2=57%, p&lt;0.001).LimitationsMost of the trials were of moderate duration (&lt;6 months) and there was substantial unexplained inter‐study heterogeneity.ConclusionLow GI/GL diets do not lead to significantly more weight loss than higher GI/GL diets over the moderate term in overweight or obese people. To address the sources of uncertainty, there is a need for larger, longer, higher quality trials.Support or Funding InformationFinancial support for this work given by The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (funding reference number, 129920) through the Canada‐wide Human Nutrition Trialists’ Network (NTN), the PSI foundation, and the Canadian Diabetes Association.

Effect of low or high glycemic load diets on experimentally induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats.

High glycemic load diets have been associated with increased breast cancer risk in population-based studies, but the evidence is mixed. This investigation determined whether diets differing in glycemic load affected the carcinogenic process using a preclinical model. Human diets, formulated to differ 2-fold in glycemic load, were evaluated in the 1-methyl-nitrosourea-induced (37.5 mg/kg) mammary carcinogenesis model. Cancer incidence (23.3 versus 50.0%, p = 0.032), multiplicity, (0.40 versus 1.03, p = 0.030) and burden, (0.62 versus 1.19 g/rat, p = 0.037) were reduced in the low versus high glycemic load diets, respectively. However, the low glycemic protective effect was attenuated when two purified diets that differed in resistant starch and simulated the glycemic effects of the human diets were fed. Protection was associated with alterations in markers of cell growth regulation. Our findings show that human low or high glycemic load dietary patterns differentially affect the carcinogenic response in a nondiabetic rodent model for breast cancer. However, factors that are associated with these patterns, in addition to dietary carbohydrate availability, appear to account for the differences observed.

Diet in the prevention of hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa)

Full control of hidradenitis suppurativa requires the prevention of new lesions. These appear to be induced by a complex series of hormonally driven molecular activities that lead to obstruction of the follicular duct, rupture and destruction of the sebaceous glands, the development of deep dermal sinuses that subsequently rupture to the surface, and production of an invasive subcutaneous mass that is resistant to medical therapy. Preliminary observations suggest that the use of a healthy and fully natural zero dairy and low glycemic-load diet may provide relief from progression of the lesions and possibly prevention of new lesions, even when medications fail.