Low-energy Laser Irradiation Research Articles

‘Jelly to Joule’: Direct laser writing of sustainable jellyfish-based ‘graphenic silicon’ anodes for environmentally remediating high-performance lithium-ion batteries

The ramifications of global climate change and resource scarcities have made it imperative to re-examine the definition of sustainable energy-storage systems. It is crucial to recognize that not all renewable resources are inherently sustainable, and their full impact on the environment must be assessed. With the proliferation of invasive jellyfish species wreaking havoc on marine ecosystems and economies worldwide, utilizing overabundant jellyfish as a carbon source presents an opportunity to create energy-storage systems that are both financially beneficial and environmentally remediating. Accordingly, a comprehensive approach to sustainability also requires eco-friendly solutions throughout the entire lifecycle, from material sourcing to battery production, without compromising high-performance requirements. Currently, most electrode syntheses for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) employed are energy-intensive, multiple-steps, complex, and additive-heavy. In response, this work pioneers the straightforward use of low-energy laser irradiation of a jellyfish biomass/silicon nanoparticle blend to encapsulate the silicon nanoparticles in-situ within the as-forming conductive carbonized matrix, creating sustainable and additive-free composite anodes. The self-standing anode is directly synthesized under ambient conditions and requires no post-processing. Here, a laser-synthesized conductive three-dimensional porous carbon/silicon composite anode from raw jellyfish biomass for LIBs is presented, displaying outstanding cyclic stability (>1000 cycles), excellent capacity retention (>50% retention after 1000 cycles), exceptional coulombic efficiency (>99%), superb reversible gravimetric capacity (>2000 mAh/g), and high rate performance capability (>1.6 A/g), paving a new path to future sustainable energy production.

Modern aspects of diagnosis and treatment of subjective manifestations and accommodation disorders in patients — professional users of personal computers (systematic review)

A systematic review was performed in the RSCI and PubMed databases using the following keywords: Computer vision syndrome, Digital eye strain, Accommodation, Accommodative asthenopia, RTS, and Quality of life. Eligible articles were evaluated in accordance with the criteria for prospective or retrospective studies. A total of 792 sources were analyzed, further using systematic review filters and authors knowledge of the topic. The retrospective analysis spanned 7 years (20162022). Data indicated that accommodative asthenopia (AA), as a functional visual disorder, is a natural state of the accommodative system of the eye caused by long-term exposure to visually intense work on a personal computer. AA is characterized by a wide range of subjective manifestations (complaints) and indicators of the examination of the patients vision, associated primarily with objective accommodation. A differentiated approach to the diagnosis of various forms of AA, such as habitual excessive stress of accommodation and asthenic form of accommodative asthenopia, is important to provide adequate treatment based on methods with direct physical effects on the eye (such as low-energy laser radiation, magnetophoresis, and stimulation of accommodation), opto-reflex treatment, and an outpatient course as part of home training.

The Significance of Local Intraoperative Hemostasis and Laser Influence in the Prevention and Treatment of Complications During Thyroid Surgery

The article presents the results of clinical studies on the development of a method for local intraoperative hemostasis and improvement of reparative processes during operations on the thyroid gland. For clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed method, two study groups were formed for 237 patients with mixed, nodular and diffuse toxic goiter. The main group consisted of 98 patients, and the comparison group - 139. In the main group of operated patients, hemostasis was carried out according to the method developed by us, and in the comparison group, by traditional methods. Surgery included thyroidectomy, hemithyroidectomy, and subtotal thyroidectomy. In the main group of patients, for the purpose of hemostasis, Hemoben powder crystals with a size of 25-50 microns were used at the rate of 200 mg per area of 8-9 cm2, which was applied over the wound with a thin layer until a thin translucent film was formed, followed by irradiation of the wound with low-energy laser radiation (Sogdiana apparatus) with a wavelength of 0.89 microns, a frequency of 500 Hz for 2 minutes at a distance of 5 cm from the wound; then, for 5-7 days, percutaneous irradiation sessions with the same laser at a frequency of 80 Hz were performed daily in the projection of the surgical wound. The study showed that the use of the domestic hemostatic agent Hemoben provides complete hemostasis, and the addition of the technique by treating the surgical field with low-intensity laser radiation enhances the reparative properties of the drug. The proposed method for local hemostasis and improvement of reparative processes during thyroid surgery is characterized by a quick, effective and stable stop of bleeding, prevents the development of lymphohemorrhagic complications, and also reduces the frequency of early postoperative complications due to intra- and postoperative laser exposure.

Влияние терапевтического лазера синего спектра на зрительные функции и внутриглазное давление в норме и при субклиническом увеите

Purpose. To study the frequency of occurrence of sluggish inflammation (BB) according to scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), identifying markers of BB using, incl., SLO; to investigate the effect of laser radiation (488 nm) blue diagnostic laser in scanning mode in healthy individuals, and low-energy blue therapeutic laser (450 nm) – on visual functions and the level of intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with BB and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Material and methods. The study included 394 patients who underwent laser scanning ophthalmoscopy; a group of 11 patients with a combination of sluggish uveitis and primary open-angle glaucoma (a 450 nm blue therapeutic laser session was performed) and 5 healthy individuals underwent standard ophthalmological examination, laser scanning ophthalmoscopy, computer threshold perimetry, autorefractometry and non-contact tonometry. Results. The presence of sluggish inflammation was determined according to the SLO data in 43 % of patients in this sample. Markers of sluggish inflammation were determined according to the data of the SLO and computer perimetry. In the group of patients with BB and POAG, significant improvements were noted: MD improvement by 67.7 %, IOP reduction by 10 %. With the selected modes of exposure to diagnostic blue laser (488 nm) in healthy individuals and low-intensity blue laser (450 nm) in the group of patients with BB and POAG, there was no negative effect on the field of vision (with «white on white» perimetry and blue-yellow perimetry) and IOP. Conclusions. 1. Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy can be effectively used for screening of sluggish inflammation with sufficient transparency of optical media. The frequency of occurrence of explosives in our sample was 43 %. 2. With the selected modes of exposure to blue-spectrum lasers, there was no negative effect on the field of vision and IOP both in the group of patients with a combination of BB and POAG (therapeutic laser 450 nm) and in the group of healthy individuals (diagnostic laser 488 nm) with a single exposure. 3. It is advisable to study the course effects of low-energy laser radiation in the blue spectrum in groups with explosives to determine the optimal accumulated dose.

The combined effect of low-level laser therapy and dietary supplements at the microcirculation system in athletes

The problem of athletes’ body resistance to effects of extreme loadings which lead to decreased adaptive capabilities of the body and over training is particularly relevant in modern sports. In order to improve the physical performance of athletes, there is a constant search for new tools and methods. Aim: to study the effect of dietary supplements at the microcirculation system, both in isolated use and in combination with low-level laser therapy. Material and methods. The study included 28 highly qualififi ed male all-around athletes of the CMC and MS levels. To study the parameters of skin microcirculation, laser Doppler flfl owmetry (LDF) was used, device “LAKK-02” (NPP “LAZMA”). The following parameter was calculated: microcirculation index (MI) proportional to the number of red blood cells in the diagnosed volume and their average velocity. The received signal give the information about endothelial, neurogenic and myogenic active mechanisms of vascular tone regulation and passive mechanisms – respiratory and cardiac flfl uctuations in blood flfl ow; flfl ax index, specififi c oxygen consumption index by tissues, erythrocyte concentration index in the probed blood volume and the ratio of coenzymes of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized flfl avinadenine dinucleotide (FAD) (NADH/FAD). Results. After isolated use of dietary supplements, the level of perfusion increases signififi cantly by 48 % (p < 0.05), and the value of the flfl ax increases by 78 % (p < 0.05). More red blood cells by 22 % (p < 0.05) are released from blood depots into the microcirculatory bed. The tone of arterioles decreases by 48 % (p < 0.05), of precapillary sphincters – by 59 % (p < 0.05). In mitochondria, ratio of NADH/FAD coenzymes increases by 55 % (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Laser radiation in combination with dietary supplements optimizes recovery processes in the body of athletes who are subjected to heavy physical exertion. Under the combined effect, the intensity of microcirculation increases, oxygen output of erythrocytes by hemoglobin improves as well as its active diffusion from blood into tissues and participation in the ATP synthesis at the level of cell mitochondrial. It is worth noting that there is similarity in the isolated use of dietary supplements and in combination with low-energy laser radiation which enhances the mechanism of action of dietary supplements.

Determination of the activating effect of low-energy laser radiation on the root system of beans

Determination of the activating effect of low-energy laser radiation on the root system of beans

Combined application of low-energy laser radiation and infrared radiation in medical rehabilitation of children with chronic tonzillitis

Combined application of low-energy laser radiation and infrared radiation in medical rehabilitation of children with chronic tonzillitis

The application of laser radiation and thermotherapy for neurogenic bladder dysfunction in children (methodological recommendations)

The methodological recommendations are devoted to the application of low-energy laser irradiation (LELI) and thermotherapy for neurogenic bladder dysfunction in children (NBD). As a result of the studies, the high therapeutic efficiency of the combined use of low-energy laser irradiation and thermotherapy for neurogenic bladder dysfunction in children has been proven. For the first time, the scientific substantiation of the complex application of such methods of physiotherapy as laser therapy and thermotherapy for neurogenic dysfunction of the bladder in children is given; the therapeutic effectiveness of these physical factors in the complex treatment of NBD in children is studied. The influence of laser therapy and thermotherapy on the clinical course of NBD in children, the state of urodynamics, and the speed characteristics of the act of urination were revealed. The optimal parameters of the exposure, differentiated indications and contraindications to the method have been developed. The methodological recommendations are intended for physiotherapists, pediatricians, urologists, nephrologists of children’s medical and preventive institutions (hospital, polyclinic, rehabilitation center, health resort institutions).

Highly sensitive updatable green hologram recording polymer with photoisomerizable azobenzene with highly birefringent acetylene as the side chain

To develop highly sensitive updatable hologram materials, an azobenzene monomer was synthesized herein that supports effective photoisomerization under visible green beam irradiation. Furthermore, an acetylene group was introduced via Sonogashira coupling for higher birefringence. Polymerization was performed on the synthesized azobenzene monomer and on the methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer, which serves as the skeleton of the film. The structures of all molecules were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy was performed to analyze their optical properties. The holographic writing and rewriting capabilities of the newly synthesized azobenzene side-chain polymer were characterized by using a green laser as a writing beam, which showed that a high diffraction efficiency was reliably achievable under low-energy laser irradiation when evaluated with a four-wave-mixing optical scheme. In this study, high birefringent acetylene group containing azobenzene-based polymers were synthesized as materials for rewritable green-laser holograms, and their properties were evaluated. Birefringence change of polymer, which has an absorption wavelength suitable for green laser (532 nm), is 0.018. The diffraction efficiency of polymer was 72% under low-energy irradiation (7 J/cm2). These results show that the hologram recording material made in this study with high birefringent azobenzene are stable, without undergoing decomposition even when repeated recording and rewriting were performed.

Space Weathering Simulation with Low-energy Laser Irradiation of Murchison CM Chondrite for Reproducing Micrometeoroid Bombardments on C-type Asteroids

Abstract Micrometeoroid bombardments are one of the causes of space weathering on airless bodies. We have simulated micrometeoroid bombardments on the surfaces of C-type asteroids by pulse-laser irradiation experiments on Murchison CM2 chondrite samples. In this Letter, we focus in particular on the effect of lower-energy irradiation compared to our previous study, where the laser energy range was set to 5–15 mJ, causing spectral flattening and water absorption band suppression. Murchison powder samples were irradiated with pulse lasers of various laser intensities (0.7, 1, 2, and 5 mJ). The irradiation energies are equivalent to micrometeoroid bombardments on the main-belt asteroids for ∼5.7 × 107 yr for 5 mJ and ∼7.9 × 106 yr for 0.7 mJ, respectively. We measured reflectance spectra and analyzed chemical compositions and microstructures of the surface of the laser-irradiated Murchison samples. Laser-irradiated Murchison spectra show flattening and darkening in the ultraviolet (UV)–visible (Vis)–infrared (IR) range. As the laser energy was increased up to 5 mJ, the 3 and 0.7 μm band depths decreased by 12% and 50%, respectively. The particle surface in the 5 mJ irradiated area shows melted and vesiculated structures, indicating high-temperature heating by laser irradiation followed by rapid cooling. The chemical composition of the melted and bubbled portions is similar to FeS-rich amorphous silicate particles observed in the high-energy laser irradiation case. Each mineralogical change of Murchison due to short-duration heating would cause spectral bluing, darkening, and absorption band suppression.

Change in the Morphology of the Surface of Ta–W Coating after Exposure to Cyclic Laser Pulses

The effect of low-energy pulsed laser irradiation (laser LRS-150A, λ = 1.06 μm) on the surface of Ta–10% W coating produced by ion-plasma deposition in vacuum was investigated. The coating thickness was ~250 μm. With the help of the metallography method, it was shown that the coating average grain size was ~25 μm. The laser pulse energy was 30 J, pulse duration τ = 14 × 10–3 s, and the interval between laser pulses was 7.5 s. The laser beam was focused on the sample surface into a spot with a diameter of 5 mm. The microrelief of the coating surface was investigated with the use of a TESCAN VEGA II scanning electron microscope. X-ray microanalysis in the scanning line of the surface and cross section of the coating and the substrate was carried out on an INCA Energy 250 energy dispersive spectrometer. It was shown that, after a multicycle laser irradiation (200 pulses), numerous rounded protrusions appeared on the surface of the coating. The diameter of the protrusions ranged from 25 to 225 μm and their maximum height was 30 μm. In the irradiation zone, redistribution of W occurred. The concentration of W in the region of the protrusions decreased substantially and increased in the ranges between the protrusions. It was concluded that the appearance of protrusions on the surface of irradiated surface could be due to the simultaneous occurrence of several interdependent processes, such as the loss of stability of the coating with the formation of alternating areas of tensile and compressive stresses, diffusion of tungsten into the regions of compressive stresses, and relaxation of internal stresses by grain-boundary sliding with extrusion of grains and their conglomerates on the surface.

Modern Methodological Approaches to the Correction of Astenopia in Patients with Visual-Intensive Work

The authors consider presented in the literature tested new approaches to diagnosis, prevention and correction of symptoms of asthenopia in persons visually-intense work related to theoretical aspects of asthenopia in fact, the selection of spectacle correction and application of a multidisciplinary approach. Determines the pattern of allocation in the traditional classification of asthenopia (accommodative, muscular, sensory) classification criterion is the presence or absence of phenomena of psychological maladjustment. Along with this, it is established that the astigmatic component correction of complex myopic astigmatism, it is advisable to perform in the range of 60–75 % of the required (according to cycloplegics examination of refraction). At the same time, the level of visual performance (in the most difficult conditions of presentation of test information of the type “choice of signal from several — evaluation of the signal — response ratio”) with incomplete (60–75 %) correction by 12.7–20.4 % (p < 0.05) is higher than with partial (75–85 %) and complete, taking into account minor differences in the achieved visual acuity (0.04–0.08, p > 0.05). In addition, the practical expediency of applying a multidisciplinary approach to the correction of asthenopia, based on the complex effects of specific and non-specific methods of stimulation of vision. It was found that the combined use of multidirectional technologies of physical impact (low-energy laser radiation, cranial osteopathic effects and special training of the cervical-thoracic spine) provides effective correction of accommodation disorders, which is confirmed by a pronounced, statistically significant positive dynamics of clinical and functional, ophthalmic-ergonomic and subjective indicators of the visual system after a course of therapeutic and restorative measures.

Kinetic analysis of bioorthogonal reaction mechanisms using Raman microscopy.

Raman spectroscopy is well-suited to the study of bioorthogonal reaction processes because it is a non-destructive technique, which employs relatively low energy laser irradiation, and water is only very weakly scattered in the Raman spectrum enabling live cell imaging. In addition, Raman spectroscopy allows species-specific label-free visualisation; chemical contrast may be achieved when imaging a cell in its native environment without fixatives or stains. Combined with the rapid advances in the field of Raman imaging over the last decade, particularly in stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SRS), this technique has the potential to revolutionise our mechanistic understanding of the biochemical and medicinal chemistry applications of bioorthogonal reactions. Current approaches to the kinetic analysis of bioorthogonal reactions (including heat flow calorimetry, UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence, IR, NMR and MS) have a number of practical shortcomings for intracellular applications. We highlight the advantages offered by Raman microscopy for reaction analysis in the context of both established and emerging bioorthogonal reactions, including the copper(i) catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction and Glaser-Hay coupling.

Effect of low energy laser therapy on peri-implantitis in clinical patients

Objective To study the effectiveness of basic therapy combined with low energy laser irradiation therapy to the patients with peri-implantitis, and to clarify the effect of laser irradiation in the treatment process. Methods A total of 38 patients (50 implants) who were diagnosed with early peri-implantitis from September 2017 to March 2018 in the Department of Stomatology, Tianjin First Central Hospital were randomly divided into the laser treatment group (n=25) and the conventional treatment group (n=25). The control group received basic treatment, and the laser treatment group received basic treatment combined with low energy laser irradiation (808 nm GaAlAs semiconductor continuous laser, average output power 80 mw, energy density 4 J/cm2, facula area 0.28 cm2, 15 seconds irradiation for each implant bag). The GIgingival index (GI), plaque index (PLI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI) and probe depth (PD) were examined before and 2 weeks and 8 weeks after the treatment. Results At 2 weeks and 8 weeks after the treatments, the indexes of the two groups were both improved compared with the baseline, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the GI was significantly decreased (P=0.018) at 2 weeks after the treatment, and the GI, PD, and SBI were significantly decreased at 8 weeks after the treatment (P<0.001, P=0.018, and P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions At an energy density of 4 J/cm2, low energy laser irradiation at a wavelength of 808 nm can accelerate tissue healing of peri-implant inflammation after basic treatments. Key words: Low energy laser; Implant; Inflammation

Histologic evaluation of bone healing following lowenergy laser irradiation (experimental study

The application of laser is widely used in many branches of medicine and surgery.The high energy laser has coagulating, cauterizing and destructive effect, while thelow energy laser has a bio- stimulating effect.A hole was made using a surgical bur in zygomatic bone of four rabbits and a lowenergy laser was applied on zygomatic bone of experimental group and compared tocontrol non- irradiated group.This study showed that application of low-energy laser has a promoting effect andfacilitate bone deposition in the bony defect of the experimental group whencompared to control group.It may be concluded that application of low-energy laser have promoting effect onacceleration of bone healing.

Effects of Low-Energy Laser Irradiation on Sperm Cells Dynamics of Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)

Infertility is a world disease in which a couple is unable to achieve pregnancy. There are numerous parameters to determinate fertility; nevertheless, sperm motility is by consensus one of the most important attributes to evaluate male fertility. Contributions to a better understanding of this crucial parameter are imperative; hence, the aim of this investigation was to assess the effect of low-energy laser irradiation on sperm cell dynamics in thawed samples that were cryopreserved. We used a 405 nm blue laser beam to irradiate spermatic cells from rabbit inside a temperature-controlled dispersion chamber at 37 °C; then, we applied an image recognizing system to calculate individual sperm trajectories and velocities. We found that sperms raise its motility after irradiation suggesting that λ=405 nm is an optimal wavelength for spermatic photo-stimulation.

Generation of high pressures by short-pulse low-energy laser irradiation

The goal of this paper is twofold: first, we demonstrate shock generation with ultra-short (24 fs) and low-energy (J) laser pulse, following the energy deposition in the target by fast electrons; second, we show that such shocks can be used to provide information on compressed matter. For a target with thickness we have clearly inferred the formation of a shock wave with pressure . We have also measured the color temperature of the emitting target rear side at breakout time , which is in good agreement with predictions from equation-of-state models (SESAME tables) and hydrodynamic simulations.

Influence of cyclic laser pulses on degradation of a tantalum coating

The possibility of simulation of pulsed heat exposure on the surface of Ta coating by low-energy cyclic laser irradiation is considered. In is shown that, at a sufficiently small time interval between the laser pulses, the efficiency of laser radiation absorption by the surface is increased permanently owing to the rise in surface temperature and formation of Ta2O5 and Ta2O oxides. This leads to an even greater increase in surface temperature. The laser irradiation regimes resulting in Ta coating degradation and fracture after the action of a large number of laser pulses are ascertained.

Research progress of low energy laser irradiation in hyperlipidemia treatment

Hyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors of human atherosclerosis and cardiac-cerebral vascular disease. The number of hyperlipidemia in China increased year by year and showed a younger trend. The current treatments for hyperlipidemia include drug therapy, physical exercise, diet prevention, liposuction surgery and low-energy laser therapy, etc. Many researches showed that low intensity laser irradiation has a certain curative effect on hyperlipidemia. The aim of this paper is to provide a new idea and method for the future treatment of dyslipidemia by reviewing the anti-hyperlipidemia methods and mechanism of low energy laser irradiation treatment. Key words: Low-level laser; Cardiac-cerebral vascular; Treatment; Dyslipidemia

The effect of MLS laser radiation on cell lipid membrane.

Authors of numerous publications have proved the therapeutic effect of laser irradiation on biological material, but the mechanisms at cellular and subcellular level are not yet well understood. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of laser radiation emitted by the MLS M1 system (Multiwave Locked System) at two wavelengths (808 nm continuous and 905 nm pulsed) on the stability and fluidity of liposomes with a lipid composition similar to that of human erythrocyte membrane or made of phosphatidylocholine. Liposomes were exposed to low-energy laser radiation at surface densities 195 mW/cm2 (frequency 1,000 Hz) and 230 mW/cm2 (frequency 2,000 Hz). Different doses of radiation energy in the range 0-15 J were applied. The surface energy density was within the range 0.46 - 4.9 J/cm 2. The fluidity and stability of liposomes subjected to such irradiation changed depending on the parameters of radiation used. Since MLS M1 laser radiation, depending on the parameters used, affects fluidity and stability of liposomes with the lipid content similar to erythrocyte membrane, it may also cause structural and functional changes in cell membranes.