A new concept for materials processing in space exploits the ultra-vacuum component of space for thin film epitaxial growth. The unique low earth orbit space environment is expected to yield 10-14 torr or better pressures, semi-infinite pumping speeds, and large ultra-vacuum volume (~100 m3) without walls. These space ultra-vacuum properties promise major improvement in the quality, unique nature, and the throughput of epitaxially grown materials. Advanced thin film materials to be epitaxially grown in space include semiconductors, magnetic materials, and thin film high temperature superconductors.