Low-density Lipoprotein Concentrations Research Articles

Supplementation of hen diets with dried or freshly harvested Talinum triangulare: the effect on egg production and egg lipid profile

This study investigated the comparative effects of administration of dried and fresh Talinum triangulare (Tt) plant supplements on the egg production and egg quality of laying hens. Two hundred and ten pullets, purchased at the age of 18 weeks, were randomly assigned to seven study groups: A1 , A2 , A3 ; B1 , B2 , B3 ; and C. Aqueous extracts derived from a dried sample of Tt were administered at 62.5, 250, and 1000 mg/L doses for treatment of Group A (A1, A2, and A3 ); or from freshly harvested samples of Tt at 62.5, 250, and 1000 mg/L dose for treatment of Group B (B1 , B2 , and B3 ). Hens in Group C (CC) served as an un-supplemented experimental control group. Laying rate and egg lipid profile were determined at two-month intervals following standard procedures. Supplementation with Tt significantly enhanced egg production, with extended higher laying rates in groups A and B. A significant (P<0.05) reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration and an increase in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration of eggs were observed in the supplemented groups (A and B). Dietary supplementation with dried samples of Tt at doses of 250 and 1000 mg/L increased the number of eggs laid, and resulted in the production of eggs with lower LDL and higher HDL cholesterol. Further research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms behind the hypolipidemic principle and egg production enhancement.

Development of Direct LDL Measurement by LDL Precipitation Combined with Sandwich ELISA Using In-House-Generated mAbs.

One of the major risk factors for the progression of cardiovascular diseases is a high blood level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), so progression of the disease may be prevented by lowering the plasma LDL. Evaluation and monitoring of LDL concentrations are therefore necessary. Friedewald's equation is a calculation method that is currently used routinely to estimate plasma LDL concentrations in hospital laboratories. However, this method cannot be applied to samples with a high concentration of triglyceride (TG). To overcome this limitation, this study aimed to develop direct LDL measurements using in-house generated monoclonal antibodies against human LDL in combination with LDL precipitation using heparin-containing citrate buffer pH 5.04. The method was applied to measure the LDL concentration in 208 randomized samples from Suranaree University of Technology Hospital. The mean values obtained from the developed method and the hospital laboratory were 126.6 ± 43.1 mg/dL and 123.2 ± 42.3 mg/dL, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed a high correlation between these two methods (r = 0.8491, p < 0.0001). High concentrations of TG, total cholesterol, and HDL have no influence on the LDL values obtained by this method. In this study, we offer an alternative technique for the direct measurement of plasma LDL. Further development for more convenient and easy use can now be undertaken.

Association of the Red Cell Distribution Width With the Glycemic Index and Lipid Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background The aim of this study was to assess the association between the red cell distribution width (RDW) and the hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Materials and methods This case-control study included 130 individuals with T2DM disease who were admitted to the Diabetic Center in Taif, Saudi Arabia, between August and December 2022. The patients were divided into two groups: pre-diabetic (45 patients) and diabetic (85 patients). A total of 65 healthy people were included in the study as controls. The (HbA1c) level, lipid profile, and complete blood count (CBC) were determined for each participant, and differences in those parameters between the groups were evaluated using the one-way ANOVA test or Kruskal-Wallis test. The association between different parameters, including the RDW, was evaluated using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Both the pre-diabetic and diabetic patients were obese and had high concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). None of the diabetic patients had anemia of any type. However, the RDW was higher in the diabetic group than in the healthy controls and a significant difference was detected. A positive correlation was detected between the RDW and the HbA1c levels and lipid profiles. Discussion The size of the red blood cells varied in patients with T2DM, as demonstrated by the high RDW values. The RDW showed a positive correlation with the glycemic index and with the lipid profile in patients with T2DM, suggesting that it is a useful prognostic marker for managing patients with T2DM.

Low-density lipoprotein promotes microvascular thrombosis by enhancing von Willebrand factor self-association

Abstractvon Willebrand factor (VWF) mediates primary hemostasis and thrombosis in response to hydrodynamic forces. We previously showed that high shear promoted self-association of VWF into hyperadhesive strands, which can be attenuated by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A-I. In this study, we show that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) binds VWF under shear and enhances self-association. Vortexing VWF in tubes resulted in its loss from the solution and deposition onto tube surfaces, which was prevented by HDL. At a stabilizing HDL concentration of 1.2 mg/mL, increasing concentrations of LDL progressively increased VWF loss, the effect correlating with the LDL-to-HDL ratio and not the absolute concentration of the lipoproteins. Similarly, HDL diminished deposition of VWF in a post-in-channel microfluidic device, whereas LDL increased both the rate and extent of strand deposition, with both purified VWF and plasma. Hypercholesterolemic human plasma also displayed accelerated VWF accumulation in the microfluidic device. The initial rate of accumulation correlated linearly with the LDL-to-HDL ratio. In Adamts13−/− and Adamts13−/−LDLR−/− mice, high LDL levels enhanced VWF and platelet adhesion to the myocardial microvasculature, reducing cardiac perfusion, impairing systolic function, and producing early signs of cardiomyopathy. In wild-type mice, high plasma LDL concentrations also increased the size and persistence of VWF-platelet thrombi in ionophore-treated mesenteric microvessels, exceeding the accumulation seen in similarly treated ADAMTS13-deficient mice that did not receive LDL infusion. We propose that targeting the interaction of VWF with itself and with LDL may improve the course of thrombotic microangiopathies, atherosclerosis, and other disorders with defective microvascular circulation.

Effect of fermented pearl millet on performance, physiological responses, gut morphology, and caecal microbiotas in broiler chickens

This study evaluated the contribution of fermented pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.,] on growth performance, physiological responses, gut morphology, and microbial composition in the caeca. One hundred and eighty day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were assigned into five groups and were fed starter (d 0 to 21) and finisher (d 22 to 42) diets. Test diets included a control composed of maize-soybean meal (0%); a similar diet with maize replaced with fermented pearl millet (FPM) at 25, 50, 75, and 100%. Results showed that there was no significant improvement in weight gain and feed conversion ratio although more feed was consumed (P = 0.035) as FPM increased in the diet. Carcass yield increased linearly (P = 0.05) at d 42. Bursa of Fabricius quadratically increased (P = 0.02) in weight particularly at 25% and 50% FPM levels at d 21. Concentrations of total protein (P = 0.026) and low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.037) increased linearly as FPM increased in the diets. Proventriculus weight, lymphocyte concentration in the blood, and size of gut segments linearly reduced (P &lt; 0.05). Proventriculus and crop pH improved linearly (P = 0.05) while digesta pH in jejunum reduced linearly (P = 0.005) at d 21. Duodenal villus width increased quadratically (P = 0.008), and the highest width occurred in the 50% FPM group. Furthermore, dietary FPM did not influence caeca Salmonella and Lactobacillus. In conclusion, replacement of maize with FPM had no adverse effect on performance, physiological status, gut morphology and microbial composition of broiler chickens. Our results suggest that FPM represents a potential alternative in diets of broiler chickens without sacrificing the nutritional quality of the diet. Keywords: Broiler chickens, Fermented pearl millet, Gut morphology, Gut microbiota, Nutritional quality.

Physiological response of exercise as modulation of lipid profile in young adults

Abstract Lifestyle modification based on exercise combined with listening to music is a physiological-therapeutic approach, interesting to study to improve the lipid profile. Considering the lipid profile is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which will have an impact on increasing morbidity and mortality. This study aims to analyze the physiological response of moderate-intensity exercise by listening to music as a modulator of improving lipid profile in young adult men. This study involved 45 young adult men aged 19–21 years, body mass index 19.5–24.0 kg/m2, and met other criteria that have been determined. Participants were randomly divided into three groups: HIPE (high-intensity exercise, n=15), MIPE (moderate-intensity exercise, n=15), and MIPEM (moderate-intensity exercise + music, n=15). Examination of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-C), which is a picture of the lipid profile using the COBAS MIRA system method, was carried out before and after the intervention. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc test were used to analyse the data. The results showed that there were significant differences in the levels of LDL, HDL, TG, T-C and blood glucose concentrations between the three groups (HIPE, MIPE, and MIPEM) (P&lt;0.05). The results of the Tukey’s HSD post hoc test showed that MIPEM increased HDL concentrations and decreased LDL, TG, T-C and higher blood glucose compared to HIPE and MIPE, which is effective and without causing an increase in cortisol secretion and blood pressure. Therefore, MIPEM deserves to be recommended for a physiologic therapeutic approach as a lipid profile modulator.

Concentration of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is significantly reduced after nilotinib discontinuation

Dyslipidemia is a frequent side effect associated with nilotinib treatment. Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) under treatment with nilotinib who develop dyslipidemia have been shown to have a higher risk of presenting atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). Therapeutic discontinuation in selected individuals could be a strategy in order to prevent the development of ACVD. Observational study of patients with CML under nilotinib treatment. The lipid values were gathered before starting with nilotinib and after 3 months. Such values were also measured before discontinuation in patients who suspended nilotinib treatment, as well as 3 and 12 months later. 32 patients were included, 19 of them treated in monotherapy with nilotinib. The concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) increased significantly after 3 months of treatment (27.29 mg/dL ± 22.88, p < 0.01). Of the total number of patients treated, 12 discontinued the treatment. LDL concentration was significantly reduced after 3 months of the nilotinib discontinuation (− 27.58 mg/dL ± 38.30, p = 0.030), remaining substantially lower after 12 months, compared to the time previous to discontinuation (− 24.58 mg/dL ± 37.31, p = 0.043). Nilotinib suspension reduces significantly LDL concentrations. These data support the strategy of therapeutic discontinuation in order to prevent future cardiovascular complications, especially in patients with prior cardiovascular risk factors.

The Effects of Statins on Cognitive Performance Are Mediated by Low-Density Lipoprotein, C-Reactive Protein, and Blood Glucose Concentrations.

Statins are widely used for cardiovascular disease prevention but their effects on cognition remain unclear. Statins reduce cholesterol concentration and have been suggested to provide both beneficial and detrimental effects. Our aim was to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal association between statin use and cognitive performance, and whether blood low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, C-reactive protein, and vitamin D biomarkers mediated this association. We used participants from the UK biobank aged 40-69 without neurological and psychiatric disorders (n = 147 502 and n = 24 355, respectively). We performed linear regression to evaluate the association between statin use and cognitive performance and, mediation analysis to quantify the total, direct, indirect effects and the proportion meditated by blood biomarkers. Statin use was associated with lower cognitive performance at baseline (β = -0.40 [-0.53, -0.28], p = <.0001), and this association was mediated by low-density lipoprotein (proportion mediated = 51.4%, p = .002), C-reactive protein (proportion mediated = -11%, p = .006) and blood glucose (proportion mediated = 2.6%, p = .018) concentrations. However, statin use was not associated with cognitive performance, measured 8 years later (β = -0.003 [-0.11, 0.10], p = .96). Our findings suggest that statins are associated with lower short-term cognitive performance by lowering low-density lipoprotein and raising blood glucose concentrations, and better performance by lowering C-reactive protein concentrations. In contrast, statins have no effect on long-term cognition and remain beneficial in reducing cardiovascular risk factors.

A label-free electrochemical aptasensor for low-density lipoprotein detection using MoS2-Au-Fc nanosheets as a high-performance redox indicator

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a key biomarker involved in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment. Early-stage diagnosis of CVD complications by monitoring LDL levels could be a significant clinical tool and the first step toward adopting efficient therapy. Herein, a novel label-free electrochemical aptasensor for LDL detection was developed via the molybdenum disulfide-gold nanoparticle- ferrocene-carboxylic acid nanosheets (MoS2-Au-Fc NSs) enhanced signal amplification strategy. The MoS2-Au-Fc NSs were used not only as the biocompatible substrate for LDL aptamer (LDLapt) stabilization due to the increasing electrical conductivity and effective surface area, but also as a redox probe for monitoring the changes of the electrochemical signal because of good electroactive properties of Fc. The aptasensor fabrication steps were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When LDL was captured onto the sensor via the specific affinity of the LDLapt, the formed LDLapt-LDL complexes shed from the electrode and enhanced the electron transfer rate on the electrode surface, resulting in an increase of the peak current. Thus, LDL can be easily detected by measuring the changes of peak current. Under ideal circumstances, the aptasensor was linearly correlated with logarithm LDL concentration from 0.001 to 100.0 μg/mL with R2 of 0.9914, and a low detection limit of 0.42 ng/mL. Furthermore, the LDL detected by aptasensor in actual serum samples with good actual errors (0.73%–5.00%) and satisfactory relative standard deviations (RSDs) (0.04%–0.84%). This study provides a new analytical method for measuring the level of LDL which is specifically up-regulated in CVD patients at an early stage.

Investigating the Relationships of Adipokines and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors with Normal-Weight Obesity Syndrome Among Women

Background: Normal weight obesity (NWO), known as a syndrome, is characterized by normal weight and body mass index (BMI) but high adipose tissue (more than 30%). Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between adipokines and lipid factors as risk factors in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and NWO syndrome in women. Methods: In this case-control study, anthropometric data were obtained from 20 - 40-year-old women referring to nutrition and diet clinics in Ahvaz, Iran. Then, based on the inclusion criteria, including normal BMI and no physical or mental illness, the subjects were divided into the NWO (body fat percentage (BF%) &gt; 30) group and the non-NWO (BF% &lt; 30) group depending on their BF%. Twenty blood samples were taken from each group, and their chemerin and adipokine serum levels were measured using both the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method with high sensitivity and the sandwich and competitive ELISA techniques. Results: The serum levels of adipokine chemerin and IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), as well as the serum concentrations of triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol, were significantly higher in the NWO group than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated a significant correlation between chemerin, adipokines, and lipid factors, as CVD risk factors, and NWO syndrome and fat tissue percentages in women. Therefore, fat tissue measurement is recommended as a more accurate index than BMI in predicting CVDs.

Both LDL and HDL particle concentrations associate positively with an increased risk of developing microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: lost protection by HDL (Zodiac-63)

BackgroundTriglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are associated positively whereas high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are associated inversely with the development of new-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here we studied potential associations between these lipoprotein particle concentrations and the risk of developing microvascular complications in patients with established T2D.MethodsLipoprotein particle concentrations (TRLP, LDLP, and HDLP) were determined in 278 patients with T2D participating in a primary care-based longitudinal cohort study (Zwolle Outpatient Diabetes project Integrating Available Care [ZODIAC] study) leveraging the Vantera nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) platform using the LP4 algorithm. Associations between lipoprotein particles and incident microvascular complications (nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy) were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsIn total, 136 patients had microvascular complications at baseline. During a median follow-up of 3.2 years, 49 (34.5%) of 142 patients without microvascular complications at baseline developed new-onset microvascular complications. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, both total LDLP and HDLP concentrations, but not total TRLP concentrations, were positively associated with an increased risk of developing any microvascular complications after adjustment for potential confounding factors, including age, sex, disease duration, HbA1c levels, history of macrovascular complications, and statin use (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD increment: 1.70 [95% CI 1.24–2.34], P < 0.001 and 1.63 [95% CI 1.19–2.23], P = 0.002, respectively). When analyzing each microvascular complication individually, total LDLP concentrations were positively associated with retinopathy (adjusted HR 3.35, 95% CI 1.35–8.30, P = 0.009) and nephropathy (adjusted HR 2.13, 95% CI 1.27–3.35, P = 0.004), and total HDLP concentrations with neuropathy (adjusted HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.15–2.70, P = 0.009). No significant associations were observed for lipoprotein particle subfractions.ConclusionsTotal lipoprotein particle concentrations of both LDL and HDL associate positively with an increased risk of developing microvascular complications in T2D. We propose that the protective role of HDL on the development of microvascular complications may be lost in established T2D.

Yiqi Qingre Xiaozheng formula protects against diabetic nephropathy by restoring autophagy in mice

To evaluate the protective effect of Yiqi Qingre Xiaozheng formula (YQQRXZF) via the regulation of autophagy in diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) after high fat diet (HFD). The composition of YQQRXZF was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MSn). The DN model was induced by intraperitoneally injection of 50 mg/kg STZ within 5 days, followed by HFD feeding for 8 weeks in C57BL/6J mice. Mice were randomly separated into DN group, YQQRXZF group, irbesartan group, and control group. Blood glucose was calculated, and body weight was measured every 2 weeks. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) before and after treatment, and the serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Scr) were measured. In addition, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe pathological changes in renal tissue. Autophagy levels were determined by immunofluorescence staining. In this study, 21 dominant chemical constituents were identified in YQQRXZF. The treatment group reduced uACR in a more significant way than the DN group (P = .018). The treatment group reduced TC, TG, and LDL concentrations after YQQRXFF treatment (P = .021, P = .014 and P = .026, respectively). H&E, PAS, and Masson staining showed that pathological damage to mice kidneys improved, the volume of renal glomeruli was reduced, and glomerular sclerosis and fibrosis were reduced. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that expressions of LC3-Ⅱprotein increased in the treatment group (P = .013). In contrast, the protein expressions of P62 were reduced after treatment (P = .025). YQQRXZF effectively attenuates kidney injury, probably by regulating autophagy.

Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac function among male adolescents at high risk of coronary heart disease

Background and aim Obesity, and family history (smoking, obesity, and hypertension) are the most important risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) among adolescents. The study aims to evaluate the cardiac function among male adolescents at high risk for coronary heart disease. Patients and methods A total of 100 male adolescents were selected by written questionnaire in addition to 30 normal adolescents as control. Thorough history taking and physical examination. Echocardiographic examination, serum lipids, and routine laboratory investigations. Results Obesity, and a family history of (smoking, hypertension, and obesity) are among the most frequent risk factors for CHD among male adolescents. We found a statistically significant elevated concentration of serum cholesterol and triglyceride and a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein levels among diabetic and hypertensive children in addition to a significantly elevated concentration of serum low-density lipoprotein among hypertensive children and children with a sedentary lifestyle. The echocardiography reflects a significant increase in early and decreases in late diastolic flow velocity (E and A) among hypertensive and obese adolescents versus controls. A statistically significant differences between diabetics and controls for left ventricular posterior wall diameter, inter-ventricular septal diameter, and early and late diastolic flow velocity. Conclusion Obesity and a family history of smoking, obesity, and hypertension are among the most frequent risk factors for CHD among male adolescents. Echocardiography and lipid profiles should be performed for any adolescent at high risk for development of CHD.

Kaedah Diagnostik Semasa dan Penggunaan Ujian Titik Penjagaan Pantas (POC) Bagi Mendiagnos Hiperkolesterolemia Famili (FH)

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant inherited genetic disease characterized by increased concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol in the blood. The risk of premature coronary heart disease in FH patients may increase without early treatment. Advancement in molecular biology techniques has enable early detection and diagnosis of FH. These techniques are cost-effective and have a shorter turnaround time. The current diagnostic tools available for FH diagnosis involving algorithm-based scoring criteria and various molecular diagnosis methods including next-generation sequencing (NGS), Sanger sequencing, Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and DNA hybridisation assay are discussed in this review. However, molecular genetic testing is not widely available due to time-consuming procedures, high cost and requires trained personnel. Thus, this 36 review highlights the use of point of care (POC) testing as an approach to diagnose FH, particularly in countries lacking infrastructure and expertise in this field. Lateral flow testing (LFA) has gained attention as a POC diagnostic tool due to its simplicity, low cost and involved simple procedure and settings. The advantages of LFA made this technique a potential tool in addressing challenges in diagnosing FH, particularly for early diagnosis of family members.

Effects of Azanza garckeana and melatonin on serum biochemical and histopathological changes induced by chronic bisphenol-A administration in New Zealand rabbit bucks

The present investigation sought to elucidate the changes induced by Bisphenol A (BPA) on some organs, liver enzymes, lipid profiles and its amelioration by Azanza garckeana (AG) extract and melatonin. Adult New Zealand White rabbit bucks (N = 42), with average live weight of 1.2 ± 0.03 kg and aged 10–18 months were fed ad libitum on a commercial diet. They were randomly divided into seven groups of six (6) bucks each. Group A was administered distilled water (1.5 mL); group B, BPA (100 mg/kg); group C, AG (500 mg/kg); group D, melatonin (1.0 mg/kg); group E was pre-dosed for six weeks with BPA (100 mg/kg), then AG (500 mg/kg) for another six weeks; group F was pre-dosed for six weeks with BPA (100vmg/kg), then melatonin (1.0 mg/kg) for another six weeks; and group G was pre-dosed for six weeks with BPA (100 mg/kg), then AG (500 mg/kg) and melatonin(1.0 mg/kg) for another six weeks. BPA increased (p < 0.05) activities of AST (143.9 ± 25.3 U/mL), ALT (29.95 ± 4.9 U/mL), and concentrations of urea (22.72 ± 5.3 mg/dL) and creatinine (199.2 ± 17.6 U/mL) in group B compared to other groups. BPA increased (p < 0.05) concentrations of total cholesterol (27.34 ± 5.2 mmol/L), triglycerides (2.82 ± 0.5 mmol/L) and low-density lipoprotein (6.8 ± 0.4 mmol/L), but decreased in high density lipoprotein concentrations (1.95 ± 0.1 mmol/L) in group B when compared to other groups. In conclusion, AG and melatonin administration reduced the cytotoxic effects of BPA on hepatic tissue, through improving the liver and kidney function biomarkers and were confirmed by hepatic, renal, heart and lungs histopathological examinations.

EVALUATION OF COMBINED EFFECT ON ANTIHYPERLIPIDAEMIC ACTIVITY OF MADHUCA LONGIFOLIA AND BUTEA MONOSPERMA L. IN TRITON WR-1339 INDUCED HYPERLIPIDAEMIC RATS

The use of herbal remedies in India has a long history for various medical conditions. High serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations, and a decline in high-density lipoprotein are the main risk factors for coronary heart disease. It has been observed that Butea monosperma L. flower extract and Madhuca longifolia bark extract have been used traditionally to treat hyperglycaemia and related hyperlipidaemia. The evolution of atherosclerotic plaques and coronary artery disease are known to be accelerated by hyperlipidaemia. In the current study, hyperlipidaemic rats were used as a model to examine the potential antihyperlipidemic effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of Butea monosperma L. flowers (HA-BM) and Madhuca longifolia bark (HA-ML). Triton WR 1339 (400 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) once to rats to cause hyperlipidaemia, which resulted in rats with persistently high serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol. The combined dose of HA-BM (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg/day) and HA-ML (250, 500 and 750 mg/kg/day) at a ratio of 1:1 was given to normal and hyperlipidaemic rats. Serum and liver tissue were analysed for lipid profile, and the activity was compared to the cholesterol-lowering drug, atorvastatin (10 mg/kg). From the above study, it could be concluded that a combined dose of an extract of Butea monosperma L. and Madhuca longifolia not only resulted in a significant reduction in cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL level but also increased the HDL level, which is good for health.

Concentration of Asprosin Associated with Poor Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Diyala Province

A newly secreted adipokine called asprosin is brought on by fasting as well as encourages hepatic glucose release. Its loss of function through immunologic or genetic methods has a significant effect on lowering glucose and insulin as a result of decreased hepatic glucose release. This study aimed to measure the level of asprosin in a group of poor control hyperglycemic patients and compare its level with the control group and find its correlation with obesity and lipid profile. Asprosin level in serum was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique for 110 Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), as well as 70 individual healthy controls. Percentage of glycated hemoglobin (HbAIc), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration were calculated using Roche cobas integra 400 plus. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus reported increased levels of asprosin in their blood when compared with controls (p &lt; 0.001). A significant positive correlation was seen between asprosin and FBG in patient’s (P&lt; 0.05). Non-significant correlation was seen between asprosin and body mass index (BMI) or lipid profile. In conclusion, according to the asprosin level in serum, there was a highly significant difference between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and control group. BMI and lipid abnormalities were not correlated to asprosin level in the serum of patients.

Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and Lesser Mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) Proteins Slowed Weight Gain and Improved Metabolism of Diet-Induced Obesity Mice

BackgroundHigh-protein diets not only meet amino acid needs but also modulate satiety and energy metabolism. Insect-based proteins are sustainable, high-quality proteins. Mealworms have been studied, but limited information is known about their ability to impact metabolism and obesity. ObjectiveWe determined the effects of defatted yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)- and whole lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus)-based proteins on the body weight (BW), serum metabolites, and liver and adipose tissue (AT) histology and gene expression of diet-induced obesity mice. MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 46% kcal) to induce obesity and metabolic syndrome. Obese mice were then assigned to treatments (n = 10/group) and fed for 8 wk: HFD: HFD with casein protein; B50: HFD with 50% protein from whole lesser mealworm; B100: HFD with 100% protein from whole lesser mealworm; Y50: HFD with 50% protein from defatted yellow mealworm; Y100: HFD with 100% protein from defatted yellow mealworm. Lean mice (n = 10) fed a low-fat-diet (LFD; 10% kcal) were included. Longitudinal food intake, BW, body composition, and glucose response were measured. At time of killing, serum metabolites, tissue histopathology and gene expression, and hepatic triglycerides were analyzed. ResultsAfter 8 wk, HFD, B50, and B100 had greater (P < 0.05) weight gain than LFD, whereas Y50 and Y100 did not. Y50, B100, and Y100 had a lower (P < 0.05) BW change rate than HFD. Mealworm-based diets led to increased (P < 0.05) serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and reduced (P < 0.05) serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations and reduced (P<0.05) LDL/HDL ratio. Mealworm-based diets led to increased (P < 0.05) hepatic expression of genes related to energy balance, immune response, and antioxidants and reduced (P < 0.05) AT expression of genes associated with inflammation and apoptosis. Mealworm-based diets altered (P < 0.05) hepatic and AT expression of glucose and lipid metabolism genes. ConclusionsIn addition to serving as an alternative protein source, mealworms may confer health benefits to obese patients.

Effects of increasing levels of lasalocid supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemistry, ruminal fermentation profile, in vitro nutrient digestibility, and gas production of growing goats.

Lasalocid is a feed additive widely used in ruminant nutrition and plays a crucial role in improving livestock productivity, digestibility, immunity, and overall wellbeing. The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of lasalocid (LAS) supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemistry, ruminal fermentation profile, in vitro nutrient digestibility, and gas production of growing goats. A total of 60 growing Aardi male goats with an average body weight of ~17.12 kg (3-month-old) were used for an 84-day trial. Animals were randomly divided into four treatment groups with 5 replicates of 3 goats each. All four groups were provided with a basal diet supplemented with lasalocid (LAS) at 0 (without supplementation; LAS0), 10 (LAS10), 20 (LAS20), or 30 (LAS30) ppm LAS/kg dry matter (DM). Feed intake was measured weekly, and goats were weighed every 2 weeks for an evaluation of the performance parameters. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of biochemical variables. In vitro nutrient digestibility and gas production were evaluated. The supplementation of LAS at level 30 ppm/kg DM increased (P < 0.05) the body weight gain and average daily gain without linear or quadratic effect. The serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the LAS20 group than in other groups with linear and quadratic effects, while low-density lipoprotein concentration was significantly lower in the LAS20 group than in LAS0 and LAS30 with a linear effect. Different levels of lasalocid supplementation had no effect on the ruminal fermentation profile, in vitro gas production, and nutrient digestibility. In conclusion, the addition of LAS (20-30 ppm/kg DM) to the goat's diet can improve the growth performance and lipoprotein profile.

The counterbalance of endothelial glycocalyx and high wall shear stress to low-density lipoprotein concentration polarization in mouse ear skin arterioles

Background and aimsAtherosclerosis preferentially occurs at regions in arterial branching, curvature, and stenosis, which may be explained by the geometric predilection of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration polarization that has been investigated in major arteries in previous studies. Whether this also happens in arterioles remains unknown. MethodsHerein, a radially non-uniform distribution of LDL particles and a heterogeneous endothelial glycocalyx layer in the mouse ear arterioles, as shown by fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-FITC), were successfully observed by a non-invasive two-photon laser-scanning microscopy (TPLSM) technique. The stagnant film theory was applied as the fitting function to evaluate LDL concentration polarization in arterioles. ResultsThe concentration polarization rate (CPR, the ratio of the number of polarized cases to that of total cases) in the inner walls of curved and branched arterioles was 22% and 31% higher than the outer counterparts, respectively. Results from the binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression analysis showed that endothelial glycocalyx thickness increases CPR and the thickness of the concentration polarization layer (CPL). Flow field computation indicates no obvious disturbances or vortex in modeled arterioles with different geometries and the mean wall shear stress is about 7.7–9.0 Pa. ConclusionsThese findings suggest a geometric predilection of LDL concentration polarization in arterioles for the first time, and the existence of an endothelial glycocalyx, acting together with a relatively high wall shear stress in arterioles, may explain to some extent why atherosclerosis rarely occurs in these regions.