Low-density Lipoprotein Concentrations Research Articles

Validity of the Triglyceride-Glucose Indices for Predicting the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Nondiabetic Chronic Coronary Syndrome.

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index was shown to be an independent predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD) progression and prognosis. However, whether the TyG index can predict the severity of CAD in nondiabetic patients with chronic coronary syndrome remains unclear. A total of 118 individuals who underwent elective coronary angiography were classified into group A (59 with coronary lesions) and group B (59 with normal coronary arteries; as a control group) after coronary angiography and laboratory tests for fasting and the postprandial (PP) TyG index. The complexity of CAD was determined by the Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (SYNTAX) score (SYNTAX score >22 indicated moderate-high risk), and patients diagnosed with diabetes or prediabetes were excluded. The TyG index was not related to the SYNTAX score in groups A and B; however, in the CAD group with an low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration <70 mg/dL (group A1), a fasting TyG index ≥8.25 and a PP TyG index ≥11 could predict moderate-high SYNTAX risk score; in addition, the odds ratio (OR) was 4.3× higher and the relative risk (RR) was 1.8× greater (OR = 4.3, RR = 1.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.4-13.5, P < 0.05) for individuals with a higher fasting TyG index ≥8.25 to have a moderate-high SYNTAX risk score. Individuals with a higher PP TyG index ≥11 had OR of 2.6× higher and a RR of 1.4× greater to have moderate-high SYNTAX risk score. Both fasting and PP TyG levels were associated with greater coronary anatomical complexity (SYNTAX score >22) in nondiabetic chronic coronary patients with LDL <70 mg/dL. Fasting and the PP TyG indices can serve as noninvasive predictors of CAD complexity in nondiabetic patients with LDL <70 mg/dL and could change the management and therapeutic approaches.

Dyslipidemia among adult HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy and its association with age and body mass index in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Dyslipidemia is a common public health problem in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who are receiving antiretroviral therapy and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Although evidence indicates that the prevalence of dyslipidemia is high, estimated pooled data are not well documented. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia in adult people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. The following databases and grey literature were searched: PubMed, WorldCat, ScienceDirect, DOAG, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, and African Index Medicine. We included all comparative epidemiological studies that reported the prevalence of high concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein, and low concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol that were published between January 2003 and July 2023. The random effects model was used to pool the outcome of interest. Additionally, subgrouping, sensitivity analyses, and funnel plots were performed. R software Version 4.2.1 was used for statistical analysis. Seventeen studies with a total of 3929 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia, high total cholesterol, high triglyceride, elevated level of low density lipoprotein and low level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol were 69.32% (95% CI: 63.33, 74.72), 39.78% (95%CI: 32.12, 47.96), 40.32% (95%CI: 34.56, 46.36), 28.58% (95%CI: 21.81, 36.46), and 36.17% (95%CI: 28.82, 44.24), respectively. Age and body mass index were associated with high total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The authors concluded that the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Ethiopia is high in people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy. Early detection of dyslipidemia and its integration into treatment are essential for preventing cardiovascular disease. Protocol registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023440125).

Obesity and Sex as Determinants of Atherogenic Risk Associated with High-Density (HDL) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Subfractions in Adolescents: A Population-based Study Based on Health Survey of Sao Paulo

Background: Worldwide, obesity in adolescents is an epidemiological concern. Overweight and obesity are associated with comorbidities in adult life, such as increased risk of hypertension and other non-communicable diseases. This study investigated possible differences between traditional lipid markers and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions in a population-wide representative sample of Brazilian adolescents. Methods: The individuals included in the study comprise a subsample of the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo (ISA-Capital 2015). LDL and HDL particle sizes were determined by the Lipoprint® System (Quantimetrix Corporation). Results: 272 Brazilian adolescents with a mean age of 15.2 ± 2.2 years, of which 47.8% (n = 130) are boys. Analysis of LDL subfractions showed an increase in LDL 2 content in girls (5.7% vs. 5.1%; p = 0.047). This result was associated with a higher content of large LDL in girls (17.8% vs. 13.5%; p &lt; 0.001) and a significant, lower content of small LDL (1.7% vs. 3.4%; p = 0.002). When obesity was considered, we observed that regardless of being overweight, girls had higher large and small LDL than boys. However, when a large to small LDL ratio was calculated, girls with no excess weight had higher values than boys with no excess weight (10.6 vs. 9.3; p = 0.038), and these had lower LDL ratio than overweight boys (9.3 vs. 13.5; p = 0.016). On the other hand, boys had higher HDL 2 content than girls (8.9% vs. 8.0%; p = 0.017), which was associated with increased large HDL values in boys (1.9% vs. 1.7%; p = 0.047). Regression analysis was performed according to gender, the sum of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) + intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) C + IDL B subfractions was adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI), showing that girls had lower atherogenic lipid profile (β = 0.987; CI = 0.977-0.998; p = 0.017) than boys. When the regression analysis was performed according to BMI, large LDL in adolescents with no excess weight presented a lower atherogenic lipid profile (β = 1.040; CI = 1.000-1.082; p = 0.049), adjusted for age and sex, than overweight adolescents. Conclusion: Regardless of excess weight, girls showed a cardioprotective profile more associated with a favorable distribution of LDL subfractions than boys, reinforcing the relevance of evaluating qualitative aspects of lipoproteins in addition to the traditional cholesterol content.

Comparison of the Friedewald and Vujovic methods with the calculated LDL concentration in a biochemical auto-analyzer.

To compare the concentration of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-c) obtained using the Friedewald formula with those obtained directly with the RAYTO CHEMRAY 120 autoanalyzer. Cross-sectional study. We evaluated outpatients with a medical request for a lipid profile study (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL). The analyses were carried out in a RAYTO CHEMRAY 120 autoanalyzer under the principle of spectrophotometry. We obtained LDL-c using the Friedewald and Vujovic formulas. We evaluated 199 individuals whose direct LDL concentration averages were measured by the RAYTO CHEMRAY 120 equipment. Those calculated by the Friedewald and Vujovic formulas were 129.97 ± 32.66, 119.28 ± 30.44, and 127.01 ± 32.01, respectively, and in all cases, significant differences (P < 0.001) were observed with the RAYTO analyzer. In both cases a low positive bias was found with the RAYTO analyzer.. The Passing-Bablok and Deming's regressions showed a linear correlation between both methods (Friedewald and Vujovic) with the LDL values obtained with the Rayto autoanalyzer. Our study found that the Friedewald and Vujovic methods are good predictors of LDL cholesterol levels and have a low level of bias. Therefore, they could be used as potential predictors.

Effects of ethanolic extract of &lt;i&gt;Aristolochia repens&lt;/i&gt; on biochemical and histological changes in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced rats

The study evaluated the lipid profile, electrolytes and histological changes in diabetic Wistar rats treated with stem bark extract of Aristolochia repens. Type 2 diabetes was induced in rats with high-fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight). A total of thirty-five Wistar rats were fed with high-fat diet for eight (8) weeks, while five (5) Wistar rats (Sham control) were fed with low-fat diet. Non-induced male Wistar rats were treated with distilled water (Sham control); while the induced male Wistar rats were treated with distilled water, metformin (100 mg/kg), 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg ethanolic extract of Aristolonchia repens stem bark for 28 days. The rats were sacrificed; liver, kidney and serum were collected and analyzed for serum glucose, lipid profile, electrolytes and histological changes. Treatment with ethanolic extract of Aristolonchia repens stem bark significantly reduced the body weight, glucose level, total cholesterol concentration, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein concentration and atherogenic indices. Mild pathological alterations were observed in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats at dosage above 50 mg/kg. However, the extract reduced the blood glucose, lipids and improve the selected electrolyte balance. This study suggests that ethanolic extract of stem bark of A. repens possesses antihyperglycaemia and antilipidaemic potential and might not be safe at dosage above 50 mg/kg.

Effect oral administration of saviotan feed on body temperature, HDL, LDL and total protein in Ulu chicks

Currently, the using of tannins as secondary metabolites and active compounds is rising in animal production. The functions of tannins especially extracted from chestnut wood, namely Saviotan Feed (SF) in poultry, especially in Ulu chickens, have not yet been fully determined. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of orally administered SF on some plasma metabolites, including body temperature, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total protein (TP) concentration. In the study, 40 unsexed Ulu chicks aged 7 days were divided into four groups with different doses orally administered of SF (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%). The body temperature of the chick was measured at 30, 60, and 120 min. At 120 min after oral administration, the blood samples were collected through the jugular vein, then centrifuges, and then plasma metabolites were analyzed. The results showed that no significant effect of SF on body temperature, LDL, and TP. However, it has a significant effect in increasing HDL concentration, especially SF at low levels. In conclusion, oral administration of SF increased HDL concentration, which is good for supporting health.

Dual stimulus-responsive renewable nanoadsorbent for selective adsorption of low-density lipoprotein in serum

Abstract Selective removal of ultra-high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from the blood of hyperlipemia patients using hemoperfusion is considered an efficient method to prevent the deterioration of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Based on the exceptional structure-function properties of multi-stimulus-responsive materials, we developed a magnetic photorenewable nanoadsorbent (Fe3O4@SiO2@Azo-COOH) with outstanding selectivity and regenerative characteristics, featuring functionalized azobenzene as the ligand. The dual-stimulus response endowed Fe3O4@SiO2@Azo-COOH with rapid separation and photoregenerative properties. The adsorbent demonstrated excellent removal efficiency of LDL with an adsorption capacity of 15.06 mg/g, and highly repetitive adsorption performance (≥5 cycles) under irradiation. Fe3O4@SiO2@Azo-COOH also exhibited remarkable adsorption properties and selectivity in human serum, with adsorption capacities of 10.93, 21.26 and 9.80 mg/g for LDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides, and only 0.77 mg/g for high-density lipoprotein (HDL), resulting in a 93% selective adsorption difference (LDL/HDL). Complete green regeneration of the nanoadsorbent was achieved through a simple regeneration process, maintaining a recovery rate of 99.4% after five regeneration experiments. By combining dynamic perfusion experiment with micromagnetic microfluidics, the LDL content decreased by 16.6%. Due to its superior adsorption capacity and regenerative properties, the dual stimulus-responsive nanosorbent is considered a potential hemoperfusion adsorbent.

The Effects on Post-Thaw Sperm Quality and Nuclear DNA Integrity of Supplementation of Low-Density Lipoprotein to Freezing Extender in the Mouse

Mice are an important research tool for genetic and molecular biology, allowing researchers to explore a variety of human illness models. Egg yolk is a common component of semen extenders for domestic animals and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) from egg yolk have some cryoprotective properties. This study aimed to investigate sperm quality characteristics and nuclear DNA integrity after post-thawing in an extender (18% raffinose + 3% skim milk) supplemented with different concentrations of LDL (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, or 10%) in mice. 18% Raffinose+3% skim milk extender was used as a control group without LDL. CD-1 mice were used in the study, and semen was collected from the cauda epididymis and diluted with the extender. The straws were then frozen and thawed to evaluate progressive motility, viability, plasma membrane (HOST), acrosome, and nuclear DNA integrity parameters. Fresh sperm had the highest progressive motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, and longevity (endurance) of progressive motility for 4 h in HTF solution. The greatest spermatologic results, including nuclear DNA integrity, were determined in fresh sperm (p

Low-Density Lipoproteins Increase Proliferation, Invasion, and Chemoresistance via an Exosome Autocrine Mechanism in MDA-MB-231 Chemoresistant Cells.

Dyslipidemias involving high concentrations of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) increase the risk of developing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), wherein cholesterol metabolism and protein translation initiation mechanisms have been linked with chemoresistance. Doxorubicin (Dox) treatment, a member of the anthracycline family, represents a typical therapeutic strategy; however, chemoresistance remains a significant challenge. Exosomes (Exs) secreted by tumoral cells have been implicated in cell communication pathways and chemoresistance mechanisms; the content of exosomes is an outcome of cellular cholesterol metabolism. We previously induced Dox resistance in TNBC cell models, characterizing a variant denominated as variant B cells. Our results suggest that LDL internalization in parental and chemoresistant variant B cells is associated with increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and spheroid growth. We identified the role of eIF4F translation initiation factor and the down-regulation of tumor suppressor gene PDCD4, an inhibitor of eIF4A, in chemoresistant variant B cells. In addition, the exomes secreted by variant B cells were characterized by the protein content, electronic microscopy, and cell internalization assays. Critically, exosomes purified from LDL-treated variant B cell promoted cell proliferation, migration, and an increment in lactate concentration. Our results suggest that an autocrine phenomenon induced by exosomes in chemoresistant cells may induce modifications on signaling mechanisms of the p53/Mdm2 axis and activation of p70 ribosomal protein kinase S6. Moreover, the specific down-regulated profile of chaperones Hsp90 and Hsp70 secretion inside the exosomes of the chemoresistant variant could be associated with this phenomenon. Therefore, autocrine activation mediated by exosomes and the effect of LDL internalization may influence changes in exosome chaperone content and modulate proliferative signaling pathways, increasing the aggressiveness of MDA-MB-231 chemoresistant cells.

Growth performance, plasma metabolites, meat quality, and meat and lipid health indices of New Zealand White rabbits as affected by dietary dried tomato pomace powder supplementation during the summer season.

One hundred and twenty New Zealand White rabbits (NZW) (5-week-old; 735.27 ± 27.23 g) were kept in an open-sided house during the summer season. The experiment aims to evaluate the impacts of dried tomato pomace powder (DTPP) supplementation on rabbits' performance, blood metabolites, carcass traits, meat quality, and lipid and health indices of NZW rabbits during 5-13 weeks of age. The four treatments were a standard rabbit feed (control) and the control diet supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% DTPP, respectively. Rabbits fed a diet containing 1.5% DTPP showed the highest growth rate through weeks 9-13 of age despite having the lowest feed intake spanning 5-13 weeks. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded in rabbits fed with 1.5% DTPP-supplemented diet for 5-13 weeks. Diets supplemented with 0.5 or 1.0% DTPP enhanced markedly dressing %, total edible flesh, saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) contents, as well as the ∑n - 6/∑n - 3 ratio and the total n - 6 of meat. Dietary supplementation with DTPP decreased kidney, abdominal, and back fat. Diets supplemented with DTTP decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein (vLDL) concentrations. The greatest levels of linoleic acid, arachidonic and water-holding capacity in meat were observed in rabbits fed 1.5% DTPP-supplemented diets. Diets containing 1 and 1.5% DTPP improved meats' atherogenic and thrombogenic indices, meat lipid quality desired fatty acids/undesired fatty acids ratio, and meat health index. Conclusively, DTPP up to 1.5% maintained the growth performance of rabbits, boosted meat quality through increasing vitamin E, reduced fat deposition, modified fatty acid composition, and improved atherogenic, thrombogenic, and hypocholesterolemic indices of rabbit meat.

Effect of dietary electrolyte balance and arginine to lysine ratio on hematological, antioxidant and immunological traits in dual-purpose breeding hens under cyclic heat stress condition

A total of 245 hens and 35 cocks (32 weeks age) were assigned to seven treatment groups (five replicates with seven hens and one cock) to investigate the effect of dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and arginine to lysine ratio (Arg/Lys) on birds’ physiological and biochemical traits under cyclic heat stress (CHS) condition. Birds were housed in an environmentally controlled facility having four sectors. The first group (positive control, PC) was kept under thermoneutral conditions and fed diet with DEB of 180 mEq and Arg/Lys of 1.25, whereas the other six treatments were kept in the second sector under CHS and fed diet with DEB and Arg/Lys equal to: 180 mEq and 1.25 (negative control, NC); 250 mEq and 1.25; 320 mEq and 1.25; 180 mEq and 1.37; 250 mEq and 1.37; 320 mEq and 1.37, respectively. Hens on NC group had significantly decreased red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and its fractions. The groups fed different DEB and Arg/Lys in diet significantly enhanced the blood parameters and plasma lipid profile compared NC group. Hens under CHS fed on 250 and 320 DEB with 1.37 Arg/Lys recorded the lowest concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) compared with the other groups. Triiodothyronine (T3) activity was not differed among groups, while T4 activity in layer exposed to CHS (NC group) recorded the highest activity compared to PC. From findings, it can be concluded that laying hens fed a diet having DEB 250 mEq with 1.37 Arg/Lys could be successfully applied to counteract the adverse effect of CHS and to improve blood hematological and biochemical traits, antioxidants, and immunity response.

Effects on Lipid Profile after One Year of Apremilast Therapy in Patients with Psoriasis: A Monocentric Experience.

Apremilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, has shown promise to have a potential beneficial metabolic effect. We conducted a single-centre retrospective study on adult patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis who underwent apremilast treatment over at least 12 and 52 weeks, respectively. Baseline characteristics, weight, lipid profile, and fasting glucose levels were collected at baseline and at 12, 24, and 52 weeks. Furthermore, we conducted a narrative review of the current scientific knowledge on the metabolic effects of apremilast in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. We observed a significant reduction in average weight and body mass index (BMI) in patients treated with apremilast in both the initial and the subgroup analysis, a significant reduction in triglycerides levels at 24 and 52 weeks, and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels at 52 weeks, whereas there were no significant changes in total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations over the 52-week treatment period. These findings suggest a potential positive impact of apremilast on both weight management and lipid profile in individuals with moderate-to-severe psoriasis in the medium-long term.

Advanced Oxidation Protein Products Are Strongly Associated with the Serum Levels and Lipid Contents of Lipoprotein Subclasses in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

The association between advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and lipoprotein subclasses remains unexplored. Therefore, we performed comprehensive lipoprotein profiling of serum using NMR spectroscopy and examined the associations of lipoprotein subclasses with the serum levels of AOPPs in healthy volunteers (HVs) and patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). The serum levels of AOPPs were significantly positively correlated with the serum levels of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL); however, they were significantly negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). These lipoproteins (and their subclasses) differed markedly regarding the direction of correlations between their lipid contents and AOPPs. The strength of the correlations and the relative contributions of the subclasses to the correlations were different in the HVs and patients with MS. As revealed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analyses, the serum levels of IDL were strong determinants of AOPPs in the HVs, whereas the serum levels of VLDL and the lipid content of LDL were strong determinants in both groups. We conclude that IDL, VLDL, and LDL facilitate, whereas HDL diminishes the bioavailability of serum AOPPs. The presence of MS and the lipid contents of the subclasses affect the relationship between lipoproteins and AOPPs.

Demographic, biochemical, clinical,and cognitivesymptomdifferences between smokersandnon-smokersin Chineseoldermale patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Several studies have suggested that smoking may impair cognitive function and worsen psychiatric symptoms in people with schizophrenia, but the results have not been consistent. There have been few studies to date that have examined the effects of smoking in older men with chronic schizophrenia. The participants in our study consisted of 167 order Chinese males with chronic schizophrenia and 359 normal control subjects. We split them into smoking and non-smoking groups based on whether or not they smoked. Second, we compared their differences in terms of general demographic characteristics (such as age, education, body mass index, age of illness onset, and course of disease), disease information (such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia), lifestyle factors (such as physical exercise and lunch break), blood biochemical indicators (such as albumin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and fasting blood glucose), and medication usage (such as clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and chlorpromazine). Lastly, a neuropsychologicaltestbattery was used to assess their psychiatric and cognitive symptoms, for example, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess their overall cognitive functioning. Their depressive symptoms were assessed by the geriatric depression scale (GDS). Activities of daily living (ADL) were used to assess their ability to lead a daily life, while the positive and negative syndrome scales (PANSS) were used to assess their psychiatric symptoms. Smokers who develop schizophrenia at older ages had a higher body mass index than non-smokers. We also found that plasma albumin, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and fasting blood glucose concentrations were significantly higher in smokers. In contrast, smokers with schizophrenia also had lower PANSS total scores, negative symptom scores, and general psychopathology scores. A forward stepwise binary logistics regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between negative symptom scores and smoking status (B = 0.112, p < 0.001, OR = 1.119, 95% confidence interval: 1.059-1.181). Correlation analysis was carried out and it was found that the amount of cigarette consumption per day had a negative correlation with plasma albumin level(r = -0.290, p = 0.004). However, no such association was found in normal controls. Elderly Chinese men with schizophrenia have a higher percentage of smokers, and although smoking can reduce their plasma albumin levels, it does contribute to the prevention of negative symptoms.

Comparative effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists on glycaemic control, body weight, and lipid profile for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on glycaemic control, body weight, and lipid profile in adults with type 2 diabetes.DesignSystematic review and network...

Can Rosuvastatin Reduce the Risk of Thrombosis in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia with its Effect on Coagulation Factors and Homocysteine Levels?

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the main risk factors for vascular thrombosis in individuals. Therefore, the use of statins is very effective in reducing cholesterol and can reduce the risk of thrombosis in these patients. Rosuvastatin, a member of the statin family which, inhibits cholesterol synthesis. Very few studies have been done in relation to how rosuvastatin can affect thrombosis. So, this research has been tried whether rosuvastatin can have an effect on coagulation factors and homocysteine as risk factors for thrombosis in hypercholesterolemia? In this experimental study, 60 patients (30 men and 30 women with a mean age of 40- 70 years) diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol >250 mg/dl) participated in this research. 30 patients were prescribed rosuvastatin (20 mg/day), and 30 patients were simultaneously taken placebo for three months. All parameters, including FVIII, FV, Fibrinogen, D-Dimer, plasma homocysteine level and lipid profile, were measured before and after treatment. All the results were statistically compared between the two groups. In patients who took rosuvastatin, the drug was able to significantly reduce the concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P <0.001). Also, rosuvastatin was able to reduce the concentrations of homocysteine significantly, D-Dimer (P <0.001), coagulation factor VIII and factor V (P <0.05). In patients with hypercholesterolemia who took the placebo, did not affect the mentioned variables (P >0.05). According to the results, it seems that rosuvastatin may be able to reduce the risk of thrombosis in patients by affecting coagulation factors and homocysteine levels.

The association between dyslipidaemia in the first trimester and adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism: a cohort study

BackgroundSubclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is linked to dyslipidaemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the impact of dyslipidaemia on the outcome of pregnancy in SCH is unclear.MethodsWe enrolled 36,256 pregnant women and evaluated their pregnancy outcomes. The following data was gathered during the first trimester (≤ 13+ 6 weeks of gestation): total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. The reference ranges for lipids were estimated to range from the 5th to the 95th percentile. Logistic regression assessed the relationships between dyslipidaemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including abortion, preeclampsia/eclampsia, low birth weight, foetal growth restriction, premature rupture of foetal membranes, gestational hypertension, preterm birth, macrosomia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Additionally, the best thresholds for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes based on TSH, FT4, and lipid levels were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsIn the first trimester, LDL-C > 3.24 mmol/L, TG > 1.92 mmol/L, HDL-C < 1.06 mmol/L, and TC > 5.39 mmol/L were used to define dyslipidaemia. In this cohort, 952 (3.56%) patients were diagnosed with SCH, and those who had dyslipidaemia in the first trimester had higher incidences of gestational hypertension (6.59% vs. 3.25%), preeclampsia/eclampsia (7.14% vs. 3.12%), GDM (22.53% vs. 13.77%), and low birth weight (4.95% vs. 2.08%) than did those without dyslipidaemia. However, after adjusting for prepregnancy body mass index (pre-BMI), dyslipidaemia was no longer related to these risks. Furthermore, elevated TG dyslipidaemia in SCH patients was connected to an enhanced potential of gestational hypertension (odds ratio [OR]: 2.687, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.074 ~ 6.722), and elevated LDL-C dyslipidaemia correlated with increased preeclampsia/eclampsia risk (OR: 3.172, 95% CI: 1.204 ~ 8.355) after accounting for age, smoking status, alcohol use, pre-BMI, and levothyroxine use. Additionally, the combination of TC, TG, LDL-C, pre-BMI, and TSH exhibited enhanced predictive capabilities for gestational hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, and GDM. Values of 0.767, 0.704, and 0.706 were obtained from the area under the curve.ConclusionsAmong pregnant women with SCH, dyslipidaemia in early pregnancy was related to elevated risks of adverse pregnancy consequences. The combined consideration of age, pre-BMI, TSH, and lipid levels in the first trimester could be beneficial for monitoring patients and implementing interventions to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Accurate and sensitive low-density lipoprotein (LDL) detection based on the proximity ligation assisted rolling circle amplification (RCA).

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the leading causes of mortality from chronic diseases worldwide, and it is strongly linked to dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia typically presents as an elevated concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL). Hence, accurate quantification of LDL particles is crucial for predicting the risks of cardiovascular illnesses. Nevertheless, conventional techniques can merely provide indirect measurements of LDL particle concentrations through the detection of cholesterol or proteins within LDL particles, and they often require significant effort and time. Therefore, an accurate and effective method for identifying intact LDL particles is highly desired. We have devised a method that allows for the measurement of LDL concentration without the need for isolation. This method relies on proximity ligation rolling circle amplification (RCA). This technique enables the direct and precise measurement of the concentration of "actual" LDL particles, rather than measuring the cholesterol content inside LDL. It has a detection limit of 7.3 μg dL-1, which also meets the requirements for analyzing lipoproteins in clinical samples. Hence, this platform exhibits immense potential in clinical applications and health management.

Comparison of serum very low-density lipoprotein concentrations during transition in primiparous and multiparous cows.

This study was carried out as an observational study in order to examine the difference of change in serum very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) between primiparous and multiparous cows. Twenty-one clinically healthy cows (10 primiparous and 11 multiparous) were selected at 21 days prior to expected calving. Blood samples were collected in the morning (before feeding) on days -21, -7, 7, 21 and 56 days in milk (DIM). At 7 and 21 DIM, the serum non-esterified fatty acid concentration of multiparous cows was significantly higher than that of primiparous cows. The serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentration was also markedly higher in multiparous cows than in primiparous cows at 21 DIM. These results suggested that the degree of negative energy balance was greater in multiparous cows than in primiparous cows during this period. In both, serum VLDL concentrations decreased at over 7 DIM, increased at 21 DIM, and then decreased at 56 DIM. On the other hand, triglyceride and total protein concentrations of VLDL in multiparous cows were significantly lower than in primiparous cows at 21 DIM. This suggests that multiparous cows have poor triglyceride secretion from the liver and that they become more susceptible to hepatic lipidosis.

Use of tannase-producing bacteria isolated from the rumen to improve the nutritional value of pomegranate peel for fattening lambs.

The use of plants and by-products, which are containing a high amount of secondary and anti-nutritional compounds such as tannins, in animal feed is limited. The methods that can reduce these compounds make facilitate their use in animal feed. The aim of this study was to reduce the adverse effects of pomegranate peel (PP) tannin for fattening lambs using the tannase-producing bacteria. Twenty-one Arabi male lambs (averagely 35±3.8kg weight and 8±1.0 months age) were used in a completely randomized design with three treatments and seven replications in the present experiment. The experimental treatments included 1 - control diet (CNT, no PP), 2 - diet containing untreated PP (raw PP, UTPP) and 3 - diet containing PP treated with tannase-producing bacteria (bacteria treating PP, BTPP). Using UTPP decreased nutrient intake compared to the control and treatment with tannase-producing bacteria again significantly increased nutrient intake compared to the UTPP (p<0.05). The digestibilities of organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre in the control treatment were significantly higher than UTPP and BTPP and in the BTPP were significantly higher than the UTPP (p<0.05). The use of UTPP in the diet significantly decreased the pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration and the total protozoa population of the rumen compared to the control (p<0.05), and treatment with bacteria increased them again. The lowest total protozoa population was observed in UTPP treatments (p<0.05). The highest concentration of blood glucose was observed in UTPP; however, the highest concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (non-significant) and low-density lipoprotein were in the control treatment. The effect of experimental treatments on the dry matter consumption of the whole period was significant; however, there was no significant effect on average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency and longissimus muscle colorimetric systems. Therefore, considering the positive effects of treatment PP with tannin-degrading bacteria relative to raw PP, using these bacteria is a proper way to reduce tannin, thus improving the nutritional value of PP for ruminants.