Low-cost Bulk Research Articles

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SURFACE MINE PRODUCTION SYSTEM USING PIT SHELL SIMULATOR

Mineral Resources EngineeringVol. 10, No. 02, pp. 185-203 (2001) Technical PapersNo AccessNUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SURFACE MINE PRODUCTION SYSTEM USING PIT SHELL SIMULATORS. FRIMPONG, E. ASA, and R. S. SUGLOS. FRIMPONGSchool of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Search for more papers by this author , E. ASASchool of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Search for more papers by this author , and R. S. SUGLOSchool of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Search for more papers by this author https://doi.org/10.1142/S0950609801000609Cited by:2 PreviousNext AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsRecommend to Library ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail AbstractSurface mine production systems involve complex, multi-faceted and costly sequence of processes that must be planned, designed and evaluated to promote well-conditioned decision processes. Strategic and tactical mine plans are used to provide a long-term production vision and the resource requirements for meeting specific periodic mine and plant capacities. The schedule and sequence of material movement must respond quickly to changing technical, safety and economic constraints within the surface mining environment. Many production planning, scheduling and resource allocation methods are based on simplistic methodologies without rigorous technical and economic basis. These methods fail to consider the random processes governing critical production variables. With increasing demand for efficient schedules for low-cost bulk production requirements, the need for efficient tools is critical. In this study, the authors develop an innovative pit shell simulator to address these problems. Rigorous geometric formulations of the ellipsoidal approximations of the pit shells geometry, their planar expansions and vertical interactions are modeled to mimic material displacement dynamics in an open pit operation. Numerical simulation techniques are used to provide solutions to the time-dependent geometric models in random multivariate states. The pit shell simulator is used to solve the Pine Valley open pit mine production schedule for the first three years of production. The simulator provides the schedule and sequence of all the cuts from various quadrants in the four pit shells within the optimised pit layout. The simulator results show that, in order to maximize the mine value, the mine must produce 304,000, 180,000 and 140,000 tonnes of ore respectively for years 1, 2 and 3. The total materials within this period also include 72,000, 80,000 and 190,000 tonnes of stockpiles and 30,000, 80,000 and 30,000 tonnes of waste materials respectively for years 1, 2 and 3. This results in a maximum NPV of $27,000 at a discount rate of 12 percent over the 3-year duration.Keywords:Surface mine productionshovel excavationkinematics and kineticsdynamic simulatornumerical modeling FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By 2Advanced Analytics for Surface Mine PlanningJorge Luiz Valença Mariz and Ali Soofastaei23 February 2022Modelling open pit dynamics using discrete simulationH. Askari-Nasab, S. Frimpong and J. Szymanski1 Mar 2007 | International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, Vol. 21, No. 1 Recommended Vol. 10, No. 02 Metrics History KeywordsSurface mine productionshovel excavationkinematics and kineticsdynamic simulatornumerical modelingPDF download

Production of Clostridium bifermentans Spores as Inoculum for Bioremediation of Nitroaromatic Contaminants

Spores of Clostridium bifermentans KMR-1 were produced for use as a microbial inoculum for bioremediation and were preserved in both liquid and dry forms. All spore formulations showed good viability and ability to biodegrade the target compound, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), after 4 months of storage. For low-cost bulk spore production, several medium compositions, based on soy peptone, corn steep liquor, and meat peptone, were tested and yielded 10(sup7) spores per ml. A medium pH above 7.0, a low glucose concentration, and a sufficient concentration of protein favored the sporulation of C. bifermentans KMR-1.

High density data storage on audio compact cassette tape using a low-cost tape transport

A parallel encode/decode software algorithm has been designed for the recently developed ISS 2/3 code. In addition a low-cost solution has been applied to the problem of tape—head azimuth variation (tape skew). The above enables the recording and playback of direct digital data at 60 kb/s on normal audio compact cassette tape using an 8-track format.The combination of a low-cost tape transport and a standard audio cassette tape produces a high degree of tape skew. This is overcome by encoding control pulses on the outer tracks which are used to introduce the same amount of data skew into the clock signals used to clock the data off the tracks. The self-clocking ISS 2/3 code facilitates clock regeneration which, together with simple de-skew circuitry and software encoding/decoding permits the realization of a low-cost bulk storage system. An increase in the data rate to 1 00 kb/s is possible through the use of equalization and by incorporating data onto the outer, de-skew tracks.

Whither Motive Power: Utilization, Demands, and Perspectives in the Light of Changing Requirements

The interaction between motive power developments and the role of the ralways in our industrial society are discussed. The time frame is the remaining years of this century. Traffic trends are reviewed, and the railways' traditional dependence on low-cost bulk commodities is challenged. The future of the railways as a major agent of industrial development calls for a rethinking of their long-term strategy and the formulation of a motive-power policy attuned to it.