Low-carbon Transport System Research Articles

Transport electrification: A key element for energy system transformation and climate stabilization

This paper analyzes the role of transport electrification in the broader context of energy system transformation and climate stabilization. As part of the EMF27 model inter-comparison exercise, we employ the MESSAGE integrated assessment modeling framework to conduct a systematic variation of availability, cost, and performance of particular energy supply technologies, thereby deriving implications for feasibility of climate stabilization goals and the associated costs of mitigation. In addition, we explore a wide range of assumptions regarding the potential degree of electrification of the transportation sector. These analyses allow us to (i) test the extent to which the feasible attainment of stringent climate policy targets depends on transport electrification, and (ii) assess the far-reaching impacts that transport electrification could have throughout the rest of the energy system. A detailed analysis of the transition to electricity within the transport sector is not conducted. Our results indicate that while a low-carbon transport system built upon conventional liquid-based fuel delivery infrastructures is destined to become increasingly reliant on biofuels and synthetic liquids, electrification opens up a door through which nuclear energy and non-biomass renewables can flow. The latter has important implications for mitigation costs.

Retrospect and Prospect of China's Low Carbon Road Research

Large amount of carbon has emitted from the transport, and which growing faster. This paper summarized the theoretical system, technology, product, methods and demonstration projects of low carbon transport. The deficiencies of current research were pointed out, such as researches on low carbon transport network and low carbon transportation system are less involved; low-carbon technology of transport is also imperfect, and some low carbon indicators still remain in the defined stages. At last, the evaluation methods of low-carbon indicators, building methods of low-carbon indicator system and evaluation methods were prospected. The paper also put forward that researches about the concept of low-carbon road, screening and construction method of low-carbon index system, application feedback and model validation should be deepened in future.

Research on the Driving Force Factors of Development of Low Carbon of Urban Transportation: Taking Tianjin as an Example

Urban transportation is the main way of carbon emission, development of low-carbon transportation has become the focus of attention of the countries all over the world. This paper analyses the influencing factors of carbon emission of Tianjin transportation based on grey correlation method, putting forward that the cost of urban resident transportation, traffic volume of urban passenger, number of private car and energy consumption of urban transportation are the most important key factors. Therefore, in order to construct low-carbon transportation system, Tianjin should design the layoff of urban space reasonably to control the demand of transportation effectively to reduce the urban transportation cost first, develop urban public transportation to optimize the urban traffic structure in response to the growing urban traffic volume of passenger second , establish a series of laws and regulations to improve the urban traffic management level to strengthen the supervision of private cars third, develop and apply new technology and new energy to adjust the energy structure of urban transportation to reduce urban transportation energy consumption at last.

Evaluation on Urban Low-Carbon and Ecological Transportation System

With the Fast Development of Economy, Urban Transportation Problems, such as Traffic Congestion, Energy Consumption and Pollution Emission, is Becoming more and more Serious. to Deal with this, Low-Carbon and Ecological Become Significant for Urban Development, and they are the Evaluation Criterions for Urban Transportation Development. Based on the Former Research on Transportation Evaluation, we Add Evaluation Indexes about Pedestrian and Bicycle, which Completes the Evaluation System. Whats more, we Combine the AHP and Coefficient of Variation Method while make Evaluation, which is Different from the Traditional Evaluation Method. Finally, in Order to Test the Evaluation System and Evaluation Method in the Paper, we Choose Jinan as the Example.

A Quantitative Analysis of Carbon Emissions Reduction Ability of Transportation Structure Optimization in China

In order to develop a low-carbon emissions transportation system, it is important to study the carbon emissions reduction ability of transportation structure optimization. Based on analysis of the impact of transportation structure on carbon emissions, this paper employed a quantitative approach and time series data (1989–2009) to analyze the effect of transportation structure on carbon emissions in China. In this study, a quantitative approach of the decomposition analysis and the impulse response function were combined. Measurements of the quantity change in carbon emissions caused by the transportation structure factor were obtained along with the responses of the carbon emissions to the impulse of the transportation structure optimization. The relationship between transportation structure and carbon emissions was discussed based on empirical results, including: (1) short- and long-term influence of transportation structure on carbon emissions; (2) comparative analysis of transportation structure and other principal factors; (3) the dynamic interaction mechanism between transportation structure and carbon emissions. The outcome of this study proved to be valuable for researchers and decision makers in this field.

Decarbonising road transport with hydrogen and electricity: Long term global technology learning scenarios

Both fuel cell and electric vehicles have the potential to play a major role in a transformation towards a low carbon transport system that meets travel demands in a cleaner and more efficient way if hydrogen and electricity was produced in a sustainable manner. Cost reductions are central to this challenge, since these technologies are currently too expensive to compete with conventional vehicles based on fossil fuels. One important mechanism through which technology costs fall is learning-by-doing, the process by which cumulative global deployment leads to cost reduction. This paper develops long-term scenarios by implementing global technology learning endogenously in the TIAM-UCL global energy system model to analyse the role of hydrogen and electricity to decarbonise the transport sector. The analysis uses a multi-cluster global technology learning approach where key components (fuel cell, electric battery and electric drive train), to which learning is applied, are shared across different vehicle technologies such as hybrid, plug-in hybrid, fuel cell and battery operated vehicles in cars, light goods vehicles and buses. The analysis shows that hydrogen and electricity can play a critical role to decarbonise the transport sector. They emerge as complementary transport fuels, rather than as strict competitors, in the short and medium term, with both deployed as fuels in all scenarios. However, in the very long-term when the transport sector has been almost completely decarbonised, technology competition between hydrogen and electricity does arise, in the sense that scenarios using more hydrogen in the transport sector use less electricity and vice versa.

‘The Business Case for Mass-market Deployment of Plugin Vehicles’

The Energy Technologies Institute has commissioned a portfolio of projects into plug-in vehicles. These projects have undertaken a detailed assessment of the business case for the mass-market deployment of plug-in vehicles in the UK and the required energy infrastructure. New research has been undertaken, together with analysis and modelling where appropriate to understand the interrelationships between government policy, consumer attitudes, automotive industry investment and energy industry investment. The effects of the wider macroeconomic environment have also been evaluated. These projects have conducted new research to develop a world-leading and comprehensive knowledgebase, based on an integrated system approach: 1. Detailed bottom-up projections of future vehicle characteristics, performance (such as electric range and efficiency) and costs to 2050 have been developed for the full range of future powertrain options (including plug-in vehicles and more conventional vehicles); 2. Consumer attitudes and behaviours have been researched through real-world trials and extensive surveys with ‘mass-market’ consumers, including a choice experiment to quantify consumers’ willingness to pay for specific vehicle attributes; 3. The requirements and costs for the supporting recharging infrastructure and its integration into the UK electricity system have been identified; and 4. The economics and carbon benefits have been evaluated in the context of plug-in vehicles as a component of the UK’s future low carbon energy and transport systems. This paper reflects work completed in mid 2011 by a consortium of Arup, Leeds University and E.ON, primarily focusing on item (4) [1] and drawing on insights from separate ETI projects into items (1) to (3).

On Building Low-Carbon Public Transport System

Building low-carbon public transport system is an important part of low-carbon urban transport sector. On the basis of analysis of the concept, meaning and significance of low-carbon transport, this paper analyzed the need to build low-carbon public transport system, and from the aspects of planning, technical, management and travelers, proposed appropriate measures to build low-carbon public transport system. Finally, the paper guided the traveler to consciously low-carbon travel. Through taking more measures to build low-carbon public transport system, we can achieve the sustainable development of urban transport.

저탄소 화물운송체계 구현을 위한 3차원 도로망도 모델에 관한 연구

최근 도시와 도시간의 물류량 증가로 인하여 교통혼잡비용이 증가하고, 기후변화협약에 따른 이산화탄소 감축이 의무화됨에 따라 저탄소 화물운송체계 개념이 소개되었다. 연료소비량 및 탄소배출량을 고려한 화물운송계획을 수립하기 위해서는 현실의 도로 기하정보를 표현하는 3차원 도로망도가 필수적이다. 본 연구는 화물운송의 주요대상인 도시와 도시간의 간선도로를 중심으로 지형 및 도로구조물을 고려하기 위하여 기존 2차원 교통주제도와 수치표고모델을 이용하여 도로의 실제 기하정보를 반영하는 3차원 도로망도 모델을 제안한다. 제안 모델은 실험 도로구간(평택항-의왕IC)을 대상으로 구축하고 GPS/INS 측량을 통해 구축한 3차원 도로망도가 도로의 기하정보를 잘 표현함을 검증하였다(RMSE=0.87m). 또한, 연료소모량 시뮬레이션을 통해 기존의 2차원 도로망도에 비해 제안모델이 현실도로의 연료소모량을 효과적으로 반영함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 복잡한 도로의 3차원 기하정보를 반영하여 에너지 및 환경문제를 효과적으로 고려할 수 있는 Green-ITS기반의 화물 경로계획 및 네비게이션 시스템 개발이 가능할 것이다. The low-carbon freight transportation system was introduced due to increase traffic congestion cost and carbon-dioxide for global climate change according to expanding city logistics demands. It is necessary to create 3D-based road network map for representing realistic road geometry with consideration of fuel consumption and carbon emissions. This study propose that 3D road network model expressed to realistic topography and road structure within trunk road for intercity freight through overlaying 2D-based transport-related thematic map and 1m-resolution DEM. The 3D-based road network map for the experimental road sections(Pyeongtaek harbor-Uiwang IC) was verified by GPS/INS survey and fuel consumption simulation. The results corresponded to effectively reflect realistic road geometry (RMSE=0.87m) except some complex structure such as overpass, and also actual fuel consumption. We expect that Green-based freight route planning and navigation system reflected on 3D geometry of complex road structure will be developed for effectively resolving energy and environmental problems.

Strategies and instruments for low-carbon urban transport: An international review on trends and effects

Designing low-carbon urban transport systems is a key element in realising low-carbon cities for tackling the climate change issues on an urban scale. Low-carbon transport measures can be classified according to their strategies and instruments. It is more useful for decision making to identify what options are more feasible and effective among available ones in each type of cities. This paper gives an overview of the trends and effects of low-carbon measures for urban transport, dependent upon the development stages and types of urban land-use transport systems. Typical measures affecting low-carbon transport systems all over the world are classified through the CUTE matrix to capture the trends. Then, their prospective effects on CO2 mitigation are discussed by reviewing empirical studies. These reviews show that the feasibility and effectiveness of transport strategies are significantly affected by the development process of cities.

Present Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of New Energy Vehicles

The development of new energy vehicle is the key to the low carbon transportation system and is very important to tackle climate problems. Nowadays, with the policy support, new energy vehicle has begun to go into the application period from the laboratory. The number of new energy vehicle is expanding. But because of the imperfectness on policy and standard and the immaturity of technology, the in-use new energy vehicles are facing big challenges. This paper first analyzes the scope and characteristics of new energy vehicles; then based on the survey of new energy bus and taxi, this paper identifies the main problems in new energy vehicle operation and management from the aspects of economic, standard, policy, planning, etc. Finally, the paper proposes some countermeasures and suggestions for the future development of new energy vehicle in China.

A System Dynamics Model for Urban Low-Carbon Transport and Simulation in the City of Shanghai, China

Abstract Urban transport plays an important role in low-carbon eco-city and energy conservation and emission reduction in the transport sector. Urban low-carbon transport system is a complex dynamic system including society, economy, motor vehicles, cars, transport infrastructure and other factors. This paper analyzes the complex dynamics relationship through building an urban low-carbon transport system. Taking Shanghai as a case to simulate the urban low-carbon system, and the result suggests rapid increase of private cars is an important driver factor of carbon emissions. So, it is important to strengthen urban transport demand management and improve the urban transport structure in building urban low-carbon transport.

From biodiesel and bioethanol to liquid hydrocarbonfuels: new hydrotreating and advanced microbial technologies

Biodiesel and bioethanol, produced by simple and well-known transesterification and fermentation technologies, dominate the current biofuel market. However, their implementation in the hydrocarbon-based transport infrastructure faces serious energy-density and compatibility issues. The transformation of biomass into liquid hydrocarbons chemically identical to those currently used in our vehicles can help to overcome these issues eliminating the need to accommodate new fuels and facilitating a smooth transition toward a low carbon transportation system. These strong incentives are favoring the onset of new technologies such as hydrotreating and advanced microbial synthesis which are designed to produce gasoline, diesel and jet fuels from classical biomass feedstocks such as vegetable oils and sugars. The present Perspective paper intends to provide a state-of-the-art overview of these promising routes.

Transportation and the Environment

The growth of CO2-intensive transport, mobility and the impact of transport on the environment are reviewed. The recent global exponential growth in transport is unsustainable and must end unless the transport sector can decarbonize. The paper examines solutions for low-carbon transport systems; the behavioral options; possible demand reduction; the role of innovative technologies; and the means by which international agreements on pricing, standards, and regulations can be effectively used. Transport brings enormous benefits to society, and it has been instrumental in the globalization of the world economy, with substantial capital investments in its material infrastructure. Transport governance also needs rethinking to understand the major challenges, to implement major policy changes, and to address the problems of fragmented decision making. Holistic approaches, using ideas from transition management and niche development, are proposed as a framework within which both technological innovation and new patterns of travel and trade can be brought about.

Based on the Sustainable Development of Urban Transport Planning and Management

Along with social economy's swift development, the urbanization and the motorization advancement also speed up along with it, and brought the huge challenge for the municipal transportation. The altitude systematic characteristic is not only the municipal transportation bright characteristic, but also the substantial clause which transportation domain many questions difficulty with govern. The municipal transportation sustainable development question has become the key point and the difficult question of domestic and foreign sustainable development domain. This paper through the transportation plan and the urban planning interaction development, gives priority to the urban mass transit, the implementation transportation requirements management, optimizes the municipal transportation network, realizes the sustainable development, thus establishes the urban low-carbon transportation system.

On The Necessity and Governance Model of the Construction of China's Low-Carbon Transportation System

Abstract With the rapid development of transportation industry and China's economy, the construction and development of low-carbon transportation system is the only way to realize the low-carbon and sustainable development of the transportation industry, and also is an important support to the energy -saving and emission reduction target and the healthy economic development. Based on the existing problems in the transportation system, the article analy zes the necessity of developing low-carbon transportation system, and puts up the three-party interaction model (government-transportation-public) and basic governance model.