Low Carbon Green Growth Research Articles

Low-carbon energy systems: seizing market-based business opportunities across borders

Asia has been experiencing much faster economic growth than the world average and has been consuming more energy and natural resources than our planet’s regenerative capacity can provide. With each passing day, Asia’s carbon emissions have been growing, as does its vulnerability to climate risks. The poor are the most vulnerable to these disruptions, lacking options to adapt to changing climatic conditions. The transition to a low-carbon green growth in almost all of emerging economies in the Asian region is underway. This transition has become unstoppable and irreversible. In this context, it is important to realize that the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has its own impact on the economies. Nevertheless, it has also created new once-in-a-generation opportunities for implementing hard policy reforms through economic recovery and stimulus packages. The need to accelerate the low-carbon transition as part of the pandemic recovery is unquestionable, but the question is how to do it in a cost-effective way. This research presents a broad diagnosis of new regional cooperation opportunities in areas essential to complete the transition to a low-carbon economy by 2030 and a net zero economy by 2050–2060. It highlights where regional cooperation and coordination can have the greatest impact. It points to a number of policy areas—trade, carbon taxation, carbon pricing, and innovation—where regional cooperation reduces the cost of implementing national actions and complements global pacts. This model also creates business opportunities for developing competitive green industries and low-carbon technologies across countries in the region.

Depth of discharge characteristics and control strategy to optimize electric vehicle battery life

To comply with the global low-carbon green growth policy, the automobile industry is rapidly shifting from internal combustion engine to electric vehicles, which use high-Ni cathode active materials with high energy density, because mileage per charge is prioritized by the user. However, the high-Ni active material presents poor cycle characteristics because impurities generated by cation mixing increase the resistance and are also structurally unstable. Accordingly, the energy efficiency and safety of the battery were improved in this study by controlling the depth of discharge (DOD) in accordance with the state of health (SOH) of the battery. The charge/discharge characteristics and deterioration factors of 18,650 cylindrical batteries were investigated based on the set DOD conditions. The optimal DOD was set by analyzing the total discharge energy up to the end of life of the battery, Coulombic efficiency, internal resistance, Li plating, and the state of the positive electrode active material. Considering the optimal DOD setting conditions corresponding to the battery condition, DOD70 at 100–90 % SOH and DOD60 at 90–80 % SOH were found to be the most effective in terms of cycle characteristics and safety. The optimal DOD control method increased the total discharge energy by approximately 45 % relative to DOD60.

프란시스 수차 러너의 3D 형상 정보 획득방식에 관한 연구

Recently, The world is making efforts to develop Renewable energy for low carbon green growth. In Korea, Localization technology development of hydro power is necessary because almost every hydro power in Korea depends on overseas company. Especially, Hydro power studies are actively underway on approach of modernization of existing hydro power plants. Technical design of the small hydro power has been secured. Therefore, The technology of big hydro power has become necessary such as design, test, manufacture, installation. In this study, we studied the hydro power plant three-dimensional shape information obtaining method for securing technology for the design of hydropower plants. As a result of scanning using the non-contact 3D scanning technique, it was possible to obtain a precise 3D shape that satisfies the international standard IEC-60193. Using the shape, it was used for CFD analysis and model turbine testing to confirm its performance, and subsequently succeeded in developing a turbine runner with a novel design.

Analyzing the phased changes of socioeconomic drivers to carbon dioxide and particulate matter emissions in the Yangtze River Delta

Enhancing the environmental collaborative governance to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions is an important and significant low-carbon green growth strategy in China. However, few studies have explored the periodical positive and negative impact changes of the drivers in interannual phases on both CO2 and PM2.5 emissions hitherto. With the panel data in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRDUA) from 2005 to 2017, here we analyzed the annual evolution characters of CO2 and PM2.5 emissions and the 10 socioeconomic drivers to these emissions. The spatial Durbin error model (SDEM) by the overall panel was developed to examine the socioeconomic drivers that can synergistically affect CO2 and PM2.5 emissions. Moreover, SDEM by the phased panel was employed to observe the periodical positive and negative impact changes of the drivers. The results reveal that, the drivers that can significantly realize the collaborative governance are normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), energy intensity (EI), and fixed asset investment (FAI). Main results include: Every 1% increase in the NDVI can reduce CO2 emissions by 0.276% and PM2.5 concentration by 0.223%; every 1% increase in EI can increase CO2 emissions by 0.024% and PM2.5 concentration by 0.003%; and every 1% increase in FAI can increase CO2 emissions by 0.049% and PM2.5 concentration by 0.018%. Increased greening levels, reduced energy intensity, and reduced investment in fixed assets can significantly alleviate CO2 and PM2.5 emissions in the YRD. Furthermore, the phased panel estimation shows that after 2013, the positive impact of economic growth on CO2 and PM2.5 emissions weakens gradually. Similarly, the positive impact of technological upgrading on CO2 emissions begins to diminish, the rise in urbanization still increases CO2 emissions, and the PM2.5 pollution weakens after 2013. Increased traffic loads lead to an increase in PM2.5 emissions, and its effect is gradually enhanced in the later stage. In addition, the positive effect of FAI on CO2 emissions increases gradually and aggravates PM2.5 pollution as well. Therefore, this study suggests that the environmental collaborative governance should focus on reforming the clean energy structure; accelerating the green transformation of industrial structure; and promoting the low-carbon industrial system, energy system, and lifestyle.

Analysis of Korea’s Green Technology Policy and Investment Trends for the Realization of Carbon Neutrality: Focusing on CCUS Technology

In 2008, the Republic of Korea announced the Low Carbon Green Growth vision as the national growth engine. This Green Growth vision invested in developing state-of-the-art green technologies to minimize greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. Following a change in administration, Korean green technologies were re-categorized into six core technologies for climate change response in 2014, and ten core technologies for carbon-neutrality in 2021. The government proposed the realization of an inclusive green state in the 3rd Five-Year Green Growth Plan announced in 2019. Following the Green New Deal announced in 2020, green technology policies and investments continue, with the declaration of 2050 carbon neutrality. In the past two years, government policies from the 2050 Carbon Neutrality Strategy to the 2050 Carbon-Neutral Scenario consider Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) as an important technology to reduce CO2 and meet carbon-neutral goals. This study examines major green technology policy trends, focusing on CCUS, beginning with the Green Growth era in 2008 to today. R&D investment costs related to green technology during the green growth period and CCUS-related investment costs over the past 10 years (2011–2020) are utilized in statistical analyses (correlation, trend) to investigate and analyze investment volatility in green and CCUS technologies related to climate change. Finally, the study will provide basic information for establishing CCUS-related R&D policies, which will continue to increase in achieving carbon neutrality.

Analysis on the Relationships among Policies Associated with the Basic Act on Low-Carbon Green Growth and the Green New Deal Policy in the Republic of Korea

Since green growth was first introduced, it has been regarded as a paradigm for achieving economic growth and environmental conservation at the same time. In relation to this paradigm, the Korean government recently announced a “Korean Green New Deal,” which seeks to overcome the economic crisis through an eco-friendly approach to coping with climate change while pursuing sustainable development. National strategies and policies related to green growth, climate change, and sustainable development were announced in Korea before the “Korea Green New Deal,” but the inter-relationships among these existing policies remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to analyze interconnections among strategies and policies and identify the implications of these inter-relationships. The results show that most national plans have a close relationship with the highest-level strategy, although missing links exist among certain policies. These missing links are to be closely analyzed while related national plans are revised to ensure that national policies and plans have consistency with the overall national strategy.

A Study on the Realization Plan of Alternative Forest Creation Cost

우리는 산림이 우리에게 주는 순기능에 대해서 이해부족 등으로 산림의 가치를 과소 평가하고 있다. 산지를 다른 용도로 이용할 때에는 산림청장에게 산지전용허가를 신청하여 처분을 받아 산림을 다른 용도로 사용하게 하였다. 산림이 우리에게 주는 공익적 가치는 수치로 환산하기 어려울 정도로 다양하고 복잡하다. 산림에서 생활환경ㆍ경관의 보호와 수원(水源) 함양, 재해 방지 및 산림유전자원의 보전ㆍ증진이 특별히 필요한 지역을 산림보호구역 을 지정하여 산림을 보호하고 관리하기 위하여 우리나라는 『산림보호법』을 제정하여 산림을 보호하고 있다. 아울러 경제와 환경의 조화로운 발전을 위하여 조화로운 발전을 위하여 저탄소(低炭素) 필요한 기반을 조성하고, 화석연료에 대한 의존도를 낮추고 청정에너지의 사용 및 보급을 확대하며 탄소흡수원 확충 등을 통하여 온실가스를 줄이고, 에너지와 자원을 절약하고 효율적으로 사용하여 기후변화와 환경훼손을 줄이고 청정에너지와 녹지기술의 연구개발을 통하여 경제와 환경이 조화를 이루도록 하는 『저탄소 녹색성장 기본법』을 제정하여 시행하고 있다. 정부에서는 산림을 보호하기 위하여 많은 법률을 제정하여 보호하려고 노력하고 있다. 그러나 산림을 다른 용도로 사용하기 위해서는 개발사업자에게 경제적 부담을 하게하여 그 대응으로 대체산림을 조성하기 위하여 “대체산림자원조성비”를 부과하고 있다. 그러나 지금 시행하고 있는 “대체산림자원조성비”는 부과대상이나 산정기준이 현실적이지 않은 점에 중점적으로 고찰 하였다. 『산지관리법』에서 “대체산림자원조성비”비의 산정기준을 규정하고 있다. 그 내용은 단위면적당 금액은 해당 연도의 잣나무 조림비와 식재 후 10년까지의 숲가꾸기 비용을 합한 금액과 산림이 가지는 수원함양ㆍ대기정화ㆍ토사유출ㆍ온실가스 등의 공익적 가치평가액을 고려하고 개별공시지가를 고려한 금액을 산림청장이 매년 결정ㆍ고시하도록 하고 있다. 이러한 단위면적당 금액이 현실과 많은 차이가 있어 농지전용을 위하여 부담하는 “농지보전부담금”을 부담하는 금액보다 많이 적은 금액이 부과 되는 “대체산림자원조성비”의 부담금이 부과되는 이유로 개발사업자들은 농지를 회피하고 산림 개발을 선호하고 있어 많은 산림이 훼손되고 있다. 이러한 폐해를 줄이는 방법은 “대체산림자원조성비”의 현실화 하여 산림의 훼손이 줄어 들 것으로 본다. 산림의 난개발과 자연재해는 우리 경제에 많은 영향을 미칠 것이기 때문에 산림의 보전은 매우 중요하다. 따라서 이번 논문에서는 “대체산림자원조성비”의 문제점을 도출하여 이에 대한 개선방안에 대해서 연구 하였다.We underestimate the value of forests because of their lack of understanding of their net function. When using the mountain for other purposes, the Minister of Forestry applied for a permit for exclusive use of the mountain and received a disposition to use the forest for other purposes. The public value that forests give us is so diverse and complex that it is difficult to translate it into numbers. In order to protect and manage forests by designating “forest protection zones” in areas where the environment, landscapes, water sources, disaster prevention, and conservation and promotion of forest genetic resources are particularly necessary in forests, Korea has adopted the Forest Protection Act. Is protecting the forest. In addition, for the harmonious development of the economy and the environment, we need to establish a low-carbon foundation for harmonious development, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, expand the use and dissemination of clean energy, and expand greenhouse gas emissions through carbon sinks. Korea s Low Carbon Green Growth Framework Act is enacted to reduce climate change and environmental damage by using energy and resources efficiently and efficiently, and to harmonize economy and environment through research and development of clean energy and green technology. The government is trying to enact and protect many laws to protect forests. However, the use of forests for other purposes imposes an economic burden on developers and imposes “alternative forest resource creation costs” to create alternative forests in response. However, the current “Alternative Forest Resource Creation Cost”, which is currently being implemented, focused on the implications of the targets and the calculation criteria. The Mountain Management Act stipulates the criteria for calculating the “alternative forest resource creation costs”. The content per unit area is determined by taking into account the sum of the pine planting costs of the year and the cost of planting forests up to 10 years after planting, and the public valuations such as water source regeneration, air purification, soil discharge, and greenhouse gas. The Commissioner of the Forest Service decides and announces the amount considering the published land price every year. Since the amount per unit area is much different from the reality, developers are required to pay the amount of “conservation of land conservation” for farmland conversion and “alternative forest resource cost” which is much lower. Many forests are being damaged because they prefer to avoid and prefer forest development. The way to reduce such damages is to realize the “replacement ratio of forest resources” and the damage to forests will be reduced. Preservation of forests is very important because forest development and natural disaster will affect our economy. Therefore, in this paper, the problems of “Replacement Forest Resource Creation Cost” were derived and studied for improvement.

Energy Efficiency for Supplier and Sustainability for Demand: A Case of Heating Systems in South Korea

This paper addresses an analysis of a recent debate in South Korea on energy efficiencies between a combined heat and power system with district heating (CHP-DH) and separate heat and power system (SHP) by applying a scenario analysis technique. In accordance with the Low Carbon Green Growth strategy where the rise of social awareness for energy savings is imminent, various scenarios were considered including CHP-DH (excluding waste heat recovery) versus SHP and CHP-DH (including waste heat recovery) versus SHP. To analyze the satisfaction on energy efficiency of each heating system, nationwide average field data were acquired via a survey with the help of the Korea District Heating Corporation (KDHC), and a comprehensive model for measuring sustainable value related to energy consumption, including economic (ECON), non-economic (NECON), and environmental (ENV) values were presented based on customer satisfaction (SAT). As a result of the structural equation model (SEM) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, variations of energy efficiencies of each heat and power delivery system are rather distinctive among different scenarios due to the performance characteristics of each system in the field. The energy savings of CHP-DH systems owned by KDHC, based on nationwide average performance, was found to be higher than the SHP system by 3.25% to 18.1%. While the effect of NECON and ENV on SAT was not significant in SHP, it was significant in CHP-DH. Based on these results, rational decisions can be made to lead the government and energy consumers to maximize energy efficiency, especially in South Korea, where the energy market heavily relies on foreign countries.

The Effects of Environmental Regulations on the Manufacturing Industry’s Performance: A Comparison of Green and Non-Green Sectors in Korea

This study examines the effects of strengthened environmental regulations on employment and labor productivity in the Korean manufacturing industry using panel data from 2004 to 2015. It divides the industry into environmental (green and non-green) and carbon dioxide emitting (polluting and non-polluting) sectors to investigate the industrial sector’s response heterogeneity to tightened regulations. We draw several conclusions on the basis of our empirical results. Firstly, environmental policies measured by enacting the LCGG (Low-carbon green growth) Act led to negative effects on labor productivity and employment in polluting industries. These negative effects show that the polluting industries take a higher cost burden because of the environmental policies as compared to the less-polluting industries; this finding is in line with previous studies in literature. Secondly, the green sector is experiencing higher labor productivity and employment as compared to the non-green sector after the tightened environmental regulations. Thirdly, the regulation-related negative effects anticipated in polluting industries are off-set if a firm is also included in the green sector which produces environment-related products. Hence, this result suggests that in terms of labor productivity and employment, it is possible that the manufacturing industry enables the achievement of sustainable development targets. While regulations negatively affect the performance of non-green firms by increasing the costs of highly contaminated ones, in the case of the green sector the regulations promote labor productivity and employment. This shows that a firm in the green sector which has high carbon dioxide emissions can adapt faster than its counterparts in a non-environmental sector in the polluting industry to the constraints imposed by strengthened environmental regulations. These empirical results imply that there will be labor reallocation from non-green to green sectors.

Profitable tidal flats, governable fishing communities: Assembling tidal flat fisheries in post-crisis South Korea

Tracing the discursive emergence of “tidal flat fisheries” in South Korean fisheries policy as a new orientation toward governing tidal flats and coastal fishing communities, this paper examines how crisis catalyzes the production of neoliberal socionature. Framed as a “new growth engine” of South Korea's Low Carbon Green Growth initiative, tidal flat fisheries appeared as both a way to contribute to the country's wealth and a solution to a doubly failing coastal fisheries sector plagued by declining production and aging fishers. In this paper, I argue that tidal flat fisheries as a neoliberal intervention opened underdeveloped tidal flat spaces and exclusive coastal fishing communities to intensified forms of capitalist relations and new forms of governance. Tidal flat fisheries reimagined tidal flats as potentially productive and profitable spaces in need of intensive aquaculture, and delivered a subtle representation of coastal fishing communities as inefficient and illegal, thereby irrationalizing their communal rights to tidal flats as livelihood resources. This paper highlights the role of crisis in the making of tidal flat fisheries as a context-specific, hybrid assemblage where existing discourses, actors, and programs were reconfigured to convey neoliberal rationalities of efficiency and managerial governance. Multiple crises (global and domestic, chronic and acute) and the notion of multi-faceted crisis itself were used to justify neoliberal reform in the coastal fisheries sector. The case of tidal flat fisheries in South Korea compels us to develop an account of crisis and nature in late neoliberalism. Focusing on how crisis produces neoliberal rationalities, I contend that we can advance our critique of neoliberalism beyond the dimensions of variegation to its status as a potentiality with lasting discursive and material effects.

지방정부의 제도변화와 행위자 : 지속가능발전과 저탄소녹색성장 정책 사례를 중심으로

지방정부의 제도변화와 행위자 : 지속가능발전과 저탄소녹색성장 정책 사례를 중심으로

The renovation of korean environmental legislation on the new UN framework convention on climate change

기후변화는 현재 그리고 미래에 실존하는 위협이자, 특정 국가만의 문제가 아닌 전 세계의 문제인 만큼 그 대응에 있어 전 지구적인 기후변화 대응전략이 필요하다. 2020년까지 시행되는 교토의정서는 선진국에 환경오염에 대한 역사적 책임을 물어 온실가스 감축을 의무화하였다. 우리나라는 그동안 선진국에 포함되지 않아 온실가스 감축의무를 부담하지 않았었다. 하지만 2015년 프랑스 파리에서 개최된 제21차 유엔기후변화협약 당사국총회(COP21)에서 파리협정이 채택되면서, 우리나라는 그동안의 위치에서 완전히 전환되어 향후 온실가스 감축의무를 부담하게 되었다. 즉 우리나라도 이제 신기후변화협약 체제의 일원이 된 것이다. 파리협정은 교토의정서와 많은 부분에서 차이를 보인다. 파리협정은 교토의정서가 만료되는 2020년 이후의 새로운 기후체제를 수립하기 위한 것으로, 기존의 교토의정서와는 달리 기후변화협약의 총 195개 당사국 전체를 행위자로 설정하고 있다. 즉, 선진국뿐만 아니라 개발도상국 모두에게 온실가스 감축의무를 부과하고 있는 것이 특징이다. 파리협정은 “산업화 이전 대비 지구 평균기온 상승을 2°C보다 상당히 낮은 수준으로 유지하고, 1.5°C 이하로 제한하기 위한 노력을 추구”하는 것을 장기목표로 설정하고 있다. 선진국과 개발도상국이 서로 다른 상황에서 하나의 목표를 달성한다는 것은 쉬운 일이 아니다. 그래서 파리협정에서는 국가별 온실가스 감축목표의 설정에 많은 재량을 부여하고, 개발도상국에게 다양한 편의를 봐주는 규정을 두고 있다. 파리협정은 2016년 10월 5일 그 발효요건이 충족되어 30일 후인 11월 4일부터 발효되어 시행되고 있다. 우리나라도 2016년 11월 3일 국회에서 비준함으로써 파리협정체제의 일원이 되었다. 우리나라는 2030년까지 BAU 대비 37%를 감축하겠다는 국가별 기여방안(NDC)을 이미 국제사회에 제출하였다. 탄소경제를 기반으로 성장한 우리나라가 파리협정상의 온실가스 배출을 감축하고 적응하기 위해서는 관련된 법제도의 정비가 필요하다. 구체적으로는 기후변화 대응 기본계획 등과 같은 국가계획을 정비하고, 기후변화 대응기금을 새롭게 조성하며 지속가능한 메커니즘(SDM)을 활성화하여야 할 것이다. 또한 저탄소녹색성장 기본법의 개정과 기후변화대응법, 수소경제활성화법 등의 새로운 법률제정도 필요하다.Climate change is a threat that exists both now and in the future and is a problem not only for a specific country but also for the whole world. The Kyoto Protocol, which will be implemented by 2020, obligates industrialized countries to assume historical responsibility for environmental pollution and obliges industrialized countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Korea has not been obliged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions because it is not included in advanced countries in the Kyoto Protocol. However, with the adoption of the Paris Agreement at the COP21 held in Paris, France in 2015, Korea is obliged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the future. In other words, Korea has become a member of the Post-2020 Regime. The Paris Agreement differs in many respects from the Kyoto Protocol. The Paris Agreement is intended to establish a new climate regime after 2020, when the Kyoto Protocol will expire. Unlike the existing Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement sets a total of 195 Parties to UNFCCC. That is, it imposes a duty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions not only in developed countries but also in developing countries. The Paris Agreement sets out a long-term goal of keeping the average global temperature rise above pre-industrial levels at levels well below 2°C and seeking to limit them to below 1.5°C. It is not easy for developed and developing countries to achieve one goal in different situations. The Paris Agreement gives much discretion to the setting of NDC and there are regulations in the developing countries for various convenience. The Paris Agreement is in effect on October 4, 2016, 30 days after its entry into force on October 5, 2016. Korea also became a member of the Paris Agreement by ratifying the National Assembly on November 3, 2016. Korea has already submitted a national contribution plan (NDC) to the international community to reduce the BAU by 37% by 2030. In order to reduce and adapt GHG emissions under the Paris Agreement, Korea needs to improve its legal system. It is necessary to improve national plans such as the basic plan for responding to climate change, renew the climate change response fund and activate the sustainable mechanism(SDM). It is also necessary to amend the Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth, the Climate Change Response Act and the Law for the Activation of the Hydrogen Economy.

중앙-지방 관계와 지방정부의 정책결정 : 저탄소 녹색성장정책을 중심으로

중앙-지방 관계와 지방정부의 정책결정 : 저탄소 녹색성장정책을 중심으로

Changes in Risk Perception of Seoul National University Students in Nuclear Power under Opposing Government Policy

This study examined how the perceptions of the risks from nuclear power have changed as the government policy has changed from nuclear-friendly to nuclear phase-out. In 2009, the concern about climate change was growing, and the government’s new policy of “low carbon green growth” received wide public support (KNEA, 2014). In 2018, however, the present government is promoting a nuclear phase-out policy. Specifically, this study surveyed Seoul National University students in 2009 and 2018 in order to find similarities and differences in their perceptions of nuclear power risks and to suggest policy implications. The results of 2018 show that the perceptions of nuclear power risks increased, while that of the benefits decreased from 2009 under the opposing government policy. Specifically, the survey examined how the public support for nuclear power changed under the potential for climate-change and energy security in both 2009 and 2018. The negative perceptions of nuclear power were dramatically increased in 2018, however, and the preference for nuclear power was related more to energy security than climate change. The policy to expand or reduce nuclear power and renewable energy by imposing a new condition can be implemented only when the public acceptance of those energy sources has improved. Therefore, the government needs to define the objective reality of the risks and benefits that derive from each energy source, instead of managing the public acceptance by imposing a new condition. Also, the government needs to enhance the publicity about the public’s acceptance of technology developments and government policy through consensus building with the related stakeholders.

Perspectives of Geological CO2 Storage in South Korea to Cope with Climate Change

Rapid industrialization and urbanization in the 20th century have led to increasing volumes of carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere[...]

광물산업의 국가온실가스배출계수 정량 · 평가항목 가중치에 관한 연구

『The Framework Act on Low-Carbon Green Growth』 specifies the requirements for the development and verification of emission factors for establishing reliable national greenhouse gas statistics. The scope of the regulations covers the development and validation of energy, industrial processes, solvents and other product use, agriculture, land use, land use change and emission and absorption coefficients of the forestry and waste sector as defined in the 1996 IPCC Guideline and GPG 2000, The minerals sector to be covered in this study belongs to industrial processes.BR As a representative method for quantifying and evaluating GHG emission factors, there are emission grade quality grading and DARS (Data Rating Rating System) in the ‘Procedures for Preparing Emission Factor Documents (1997)’ reported by US-EPA. However, the above two methods are not specific and comprehensive, and lack the details for accurate emission factor verification. Therefore, there is a need for a method for verifying and quantifying certified greenhouse gas emission factors that reflects characteristics of each industry sector in Korea and accord with IPCC G/L and GHG target management.BR In this study, we conducted a weighted study on quantitative and evaluation lists of emission factor using questionnaires to develop a more accurate methodology for quantifying national greenhouse gas emission factors in the mineral sector. Quantification and evaluation of emission factor are classified into essential verification and quality evaluation. The essential verifications are : administrative compatibility, method of determining emission factors, emission characteristics, sampling methods and analysis methods, representativeness of data. The quality evaluations consisted of the quality control of the data, the accuracy of the measurement and analysis, the level of uncertainty, not directly affect the emission factor, but consisted of factors that determine data quality.

Utilizing Biochar Potential in Nganjuk Regency: Reducing Climate Change Effects and Enhancing Rural-Urban Linkage through Low Carbon Green Growth Program (Lesson Learned from Kameoka City, Japan)

Climate change is a global issue that all governments have to encounter nowadays. In recent years, many governments are aware of the environmental issues necessary to agenda setting in their development objectives. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) conducted by the United Nations gives guidelines for the governments to integrate both economic and environmental issues in a sustainable development framework. Meanwhile, the rural development has also become a global agenda in reducing the disparity between urban and rural areas. Many governments have conducted development strategies for ensuring economic prosperity along with ecological sustainability, yet for generating rural-urban equality as well. Low Carbon Green Growth Program is one of the strategies aimed to meet those objectives. The main purpose of the program is to reduce carbon dioxide emission to minimize the effects of greenhouse gasses (GHGs) as the main cause of climate change and global warming. An immediate action useful to implement the program is managing and utilizing biochar in agricultural process. Previous studies have proved that the biochar reduces CO2 emission and also restores soil fertility. One of the best applicable Low Carbon Green Growth Programs might be the pilot project conducted in Kameoka City of Japan called The Carbon Minus Project. The project’s main purpose is to reduce carbon emission by promoting a low-carbon lifestyle, yet economically profitable. Nganjuk Regency generates abundant biomass from agriculture products, livestock, plantation, and forestry. The solid biomass can be converted into biochar through a pyrolysis process. The result of this study is expected to be taken into consideration by the local governments to promote low carbon lifestyle, to combat climate change, and yet to reduce the rural-urban disparity.

A Fundamental Study on the Modularization of Intelligent Skin Design

Modern societies are paying more and more attention to energy consumption. Nations are implementing and systemizing policies on low carbon green growth to reduce greenhouse gas emission while various studies are being conducted on eco-friendly architectures and energy reducing technologies in relation to buildings. In Korea, since 39% of the total energy consumption is accounted for by buildings, the energy consumption issues of buildings have global implications that are linked to other areas such as the growing population, enlargement of buildings and technological developments. To address issues related to the energy consumption of buildings in the modern era, the importance of building skins has been emphasized since it has the potential to make a direct impact in terms of reducing energy, and due to the developments of IT which provides a wireless network environment, intelligent technologies such as the IOT are being widely expanded, and building skins that were once regarded as fixed exteriors are now adapting to the environment in the current era. Therefore, this study aims to examine building skins that have great potential as a high value added industry in the near future and present fundamental data on intelligent skin design and the optimized types that can be adopted to intelligent skin design by ascertaining the characteristics and planning factors of each category by studying a variety of cases from home and abroad.

An Exploratory Study on the Cause of the Poor Performance of Climate Change in Korea

The relevant ministries, including the Ministry of Environment in Korea, provided Post-2020 Long-term Mitigation Target and Implementation Plan. The plan consisted of four Business As Usual (BAU) reduction levels by 14.7%, 19.2%, 25.7%, and 31.3% until 2030. The Korean government finalized the mitigation target of 37%. But all the initial alternatives were below the goal, 30% from BAU, that has been promised to the international community as well as set out in the Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth. In order to achieve a specific goal, performance management should pursue “Justify doing the right things.” Otherwise, performance management would not work properly. According to Kingdon’s Policy Stream Framework, abnormal alternatives are difficult to be presented as scenarios because alternative building should focus on the role of the need to adhere to the basic principles and professionals. Such a result is possible only when the policy actors does not balance themselves. Performance management statistics has been analyzed by 6 years CCPI data since 2011, taking into account the impact after enactment. This study also has been complemented by a variety of sources, including the media, documents, and artifacts during the period. As a result, raising awareness about climate change was analyzed as one of the solutions because the climate change issue affects the normal performance management throughout the life of the people to stay linked to the environment.

그린리모델링 사업시행유도를 위한 조세혜택 부여 방안

Korean Government is implementing green remodeling projects on existing buildings and structures in a way of promoting low carbon green growth. However, the current regulations and systems do not clearly define the scopes and contents of the green remodeling. Also, the lack of the inducement measure is another reason of the low engagement of the private enterprises to the green remodeling business. Therefore, this study proposes a tax exemption plan to promote green remodeling business implementation, with the consideration on practical applicability. And the proposed plan was applied to the green remodeling pilot project case in2 014 and the effect was quantitatively analyzed. The result is expected to be used as a base data to improve the tax exemption benefit system to invigorate green remodeling later.