Abstract
This paper addresses an analysis of a recent debate in South Korea on energy efficiencies between a combined heat and power system with district heating (CHP-DH) and separate heat and power system (SHP) by applying a scenario analysis technique. In accordance with the Low Carbon Green Growth strategy where the rise of social awareness for energy savings is imminent, various scenarios were considered including CHP-DH (excluding waste heat recovery) versus SHP and CHP-DH (including waste heat recovery) versus SHP. To analyze the satisfaction on energy efficiency of each heating system, nationwide average field data were acquired via a survey with the help of the Korea District Heating Corporation (KDHC), and a comprehensive model for measuring sustainable value related to energy consumption, including economic (ECON), non-economic (NECON), and environmental (ENV) values were presented based on customer satisfaction (SAT). As a result of the structural equation model (SEM) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, variations of energy efficiencies of each heat and power delivery system are rather distinctive among different scenarios due to the performance characteristics of each system in the field. The energy savings of CHP-DH systems owned by KDHC, based on nationwide average performance, was found to be higher than the SHP system by 3.25% to 18.1%. While the effect of NECON and ENV on SAT was not significant in SHP, it was significant in CHP-DH. Based on these results, rational decisions can be made to lead the government and energy consumers to maximize energy efficiency, especially in South Korea, where the energy market heavily relies on foreign countries.
Highlights
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty negotiated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), held in Rio de Janeiro from 3–14 June 1992
The selected six cities were the branches of KDHC (Korea District Heating Corporation) which was transformed into a public corporation under the Collective Energy Business Act in May 1990
In scenario group 2 (5, 6, 7 and 8) where the electrical efficiency was increased to 50%, the energy savings of using the CHP-district heating (DH) system became relatively less, or even not, favorable compared to the SHP system
Summary
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty negotiated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), held in Rio de Janeiro from 3–14 June 1992. South Korea is not bound by the U.N.’s Kyoto Protocol as a first developing (non-Annex I) country, the Korean government voluntarily set a 2020 emissions reduction target to head off an estimated 30 percent rise in emissions compared to the 2020 Business-as-Usual (BAU) emission projection, considering increased national competitiveness and expectations from international society [3]. This goal reaches the highest level of recommendations from the IPCC, showing the strong commitment of the Korean government to join the global movement for coping with climate change. 4th generation DH integrating smart thermal grids [12], thermal energy storage strategies for solar heating systems, and data-driven models for building scale applications are suggested [13]
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