Low C-reactive Protein-to-albumin Ratio Research Articles

Preoperative C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and mortality of off-pump coronary artery bypass graft.

We sought to investigate the prognostic value of preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP)-to-albumin ratio (CAR) for the prediction of mortality in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). From January 2010 to August 2016, adult patients undergoing OPCAB were analyzed retrospectively. In a total of 2,082 patients, preoperative inflammatory markers including CAR, CRP, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the optimal threshold and compare the predictive values of the markers. The patients were divided into two groups according to the cut-off value of CAR, and then the outcomes were compared. The primary end point was 1-year mortality. During the 1-year follow-up period, 25 patients (1.2%) died after OPCAB. The area under the curve of CAR for 1-year mortality was 0.767, which was significantly higher than other inflammatory markers. According to the calculated cut-off value of 1.326, the patients were divided into two groups: 1,580 (75.9%) patients were placed in the low CAR group vs. 502 (24.1%) patients in the high CAR group. After adjustment with inverse probability weighting, high CAR was significantly associated with increased risk of 1-year mortality after OPCAB (Hazard ratio, 5.01; 95% Confidence interval, 2.01-12.50; p < 0.001). In this study, we demonstrated that preoperative CAR was associated with 1-year mortality following OPCAB. Compared to previous inflammatory markers, CAR may offer superior predictive power for mortality in patients undergoing OPCAB. For validation of our findings, further prospective studies are needed.

Preoperative C-reactive protein to albumin ratio as a novel prognostic biomarker for the oncological outcomes of radical nephroureterectomy

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of the preoperative C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) on progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) undergoing radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using data from a single-center nephroureterectomy registry between January 2011 and December 2017. Participants were categorized into high and low CAR groups based on the optimal CAR cut-off value determined using the Youden index. The primary endpoint was PFS, the time from RNU to metastasis or disease recurrence. The secondary endpoint was CSS, the time from RNU to UTUC-related death. Median PFS and CSS were compared between the high and low CAR groups using Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to assess the prognostic significance of CAR, adjusting for known prognostic factors. ResultsWe included 491 patients with UTUC in the analysis. The optimal CAR cut-off value was determined to be 0.036, which resulted in classifying 49.3% (242/491) of patients into the high CAR group. The high CAR group had older patients (69.8 vs. 67.4, p-value = 0.01), advanced T and N stages (p-value<0.001), high-grade tumor (p-value = 0.03), and a higher incidence of preoperative hydronephrosis (p-value < 0.01) than the low CAR group. The high CAR group demonstrated significantly inferior median PFS (78.3 vs. 100.3 months, p-value < 0.01) and CSS (73.2 vs. 96.1 months, p-value < 0.01) than the low CAR group. Moreover, high CAR independently increased the risk of disease progression (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–2.64, p < 0.01) and UTUC-related mortality (HR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.15, p < 0.01). ConclusionPre-operative CAR is independently associated with poor PFS and CSS in patients with UTUC undergoing RNU. Moreover, CAR may be an independent UTUC prognostic factor, offering a cost-effective and minimally invasive marker. However, further validation through large-scale, multi-center studies is necessary to confirm these findings and determine the optimal CAR cut-off value.

C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio as a biomarker in patients with sepsis: a novel LASSO-COX based prognostic nomogram

To develop a C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR)-based nomogram for predicting the risk of in-hospital death in sepsis patients. Sepsis patients were selected from the MIMIC-IV database. Independent predictors were determined by multiple Cox analysis and then integrated to predict survival. The performance of the model was evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, and calibration curve. The risk stratifications analysis and subgroup analysis of the model in overall survival (OS) were assessed by Kaplan–Meier (K–M) curves. A total of 6414 sepsis patients were included. C-index of the CAR-based model was 0.917 [standard error (SE): 0.112] for the training set and 0.935 (SE: 0.010) for the validation set. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram was 0.881 in the training set and 0.801 in the validation set. And the calibration curve showed that the nomogram performs well in both the training and validation sets. K–M curves indicated that patients with high CAR had significantly higher in-hospital mortality than those with low CAR. The CAR-based model has considerably high accuracy for predicting the OS of sepsis patients.

Can inflammatory indexes predict the spontaneous passage of common bile duct stones?

We aimed to determine whether inflammatory indexes (II), including the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin ratio (CAR), the CRP-lymphocyte ratio (CLR), and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SIII) can be diagnostic for common bile duct stones (CBDSs) excretion before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Because of the spontaneous clearance, it is mandatory to ascertain the presence of CBDSs before ERCP. Retrospectively, we evaluated two groups. Group A included 96 records in which CBDSs existed in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and ERCP. Group B included 36 records in which CBDSs existed in MRCP but not ERCP. IIs were calculated on presentation and before ERCP. Stone detection in ERCP had a 3.992-fold (95% 1.769-9.007) higher probability with a stone larger than 3.25 mm in MRCP. Before ERCP, CAR, and CLR values were higher in group A than in group B (3.88 [1.25-14.14] and 1.24 [0.50-9.66], p = 0.027 versus 8.79 [2.19-35] and 2.67 [1.02-20.05], p = 0.029, respectively). Higher CRP, CAR, and CLR values were considered significant for detecting a stone in ERCP (AUC: 0.627 [0.519-0.739], 0.625 [0.513-0.737], and 0.624 [0.514-0.734], respectively). Low CRP, CAR, and CLR values might associate with the spontaneous migration of CBDS.

Comprehensive prognostic effects of systemic inflammation and Insulin resistance in women with breast cancer with different BMI: a prospective multicenter cohort

To investigate the prognostic value of systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in women with breast cancer with different body mass index (BMI). This multicenter, prospective study included 514 women with breast cancer. Multivariate survival analysis showed that patients with high C-reactive protein (CRP), high CRP to albumin ratio (CAR), high lymphocyte to CRP ratio (LCR), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LHR), and high triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c) were significantly associated with worse prognosis. The mortality rate of patients with both high CAR and high LHR or both low LCR and high LHR were 3.91-fold or 3.89-fold higher than patients with both low CAR and low LHR or both high LCR and low LHR, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of LCR and LHR significantly predicted survival in patients within the high BMI group. The CRP, CAR, LCR, LHR, and TG/HDL-c were associated with poor survival in women with breast cancer. The combination of CAR and LHR or LCR and LHR could better predict the prognostic outcomes of women with breast cancer, while the combination of LCR and LHR could better predict the prognosis of those patients with overweight or obese patients.

Pretreatment C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio predicts clinical outcomes in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is an aggressive and heterogenous T-cell lymphoid malignancy. The prognostic value of C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) has never been assessed in PTCL. This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 76 patients diagnosed with various subtypes of PTCL. A CAR cutoff value of 0.794 was determined, and clinical outcomes, including response rate, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS), were compared between the high (> 0.794) and low (≤ 0.794) CAR groups. After induction therapy, complete response was achieved in 8 (32.0%) and 39 patients (76.5%) in the high and low CAR groups, respectively. During the median follow-up of 57.5months, the high CAR group had significantly worse 5-year PFS and 5-year OS rates. Even with adjustment for the International Prognostic Index (≥ 3), Prognostic Index for PTCL-unspecified (≥ 3), and T cell score (≥ 2), high CAR remained a significant prognostic factor for PFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.04-7.86, p < 0.001) and OS (HR: 2.97, 95% CI: 1.33-6.64, p = 0.008). CAR may play a complementary role in predicting prognosis in patients with PTCL, considering its simplicity, objectivity, and easy accessibility.

Pretreatment Nutritional Status in Combination with Inflammation Affects Chemotherapy Interruption in Women with Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Peritoneal Cancer

Discontinuing chemotherapy worsens cancer prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nutritional status at the start of chemotherapy and chemotherapy discontinuation in patients with ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer. This was a retrospective cohort study. One hundred and forty-six patients to whom weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin were administered as postoperative chemotherapy were included. Six courses in 21-day cycles were defined as complete treatment. As nutritional indicators, body mass index, weight change rate, serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, prognostic nutritional index, and C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) were compared between complete and incomplete treatment groups. Patients were divided into two groups according to CAR. The number of chemotherapy cycles was compared between these two groups. A Cox proportional hazard model was used for covariate adjustment. Several indicators differed between complete and incomplete treatment groups, and among the indicators, CAR had the highest discriminatory ability. The number of chemotherapy cycles was shorter in the high CAR group than in the low CAR group. A high CAR was associated with chemotherapy interruption even after adjusting for covariates. Based on CAR, nutritional status before chemotherapy is suggested to be associated with the risk of chemotherapy discontinuation.

Prognostic value of preoperative C-reactive protein to albumin ratio in patients with thymic epithelial tumors: a retrospective study

BackgroundThe C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) is associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. However, its value in thymic epithelial tumors remains to be elucidated, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of preoperative CAR in patients with surgically resected thymic epithelial tumors (TETs).MethodsWe retrospectively collected data from 125 patients with TETs who underwent thymoma resection at our center. The best cutoff values ​​for the continuous variable, CAR, were obtained using X-tile software. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate CAR as an independent predictor of overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to present risk stratification of patients based on CAR and the Glasgow-prognostic-score (GPS). The prognostic effect of CAR was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsPatients were categorized into high (≥ 0.17) and low (< 0.17) CAR groups according to the optimal cutoff value of 0.17. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that CAR was an independent predictor of prognosis. World health organization stage, CAR level, GPS score, and drinking history were important independent prognostic factors for OS (p < 0.05). T stage, CAR level, and drinking history were important independent prognostic factors for RFS (p < 0.05). The area under the curve value of CAR to predict prognosis was 0.734 for OS and 0.680 for RFS.ConclusionsElevated preoperative CAR was independently associated with poor OS and RFS after thymectomy. Therefore, CAR may be a valuable biomarker for the postoperative prognosis of TETs.

Comprehensive comparison of the prognostic value of systemic inflammation biomarkers for cancer cachexia: a multicenter prospective study

Systemic inflammation plays an important role in cancer cachexia. However, among the systemic inflammatory biomarkers, it is unclear which has optimal prognostic value for cancer cachexia. The Kaplan-Meier method was used and the log-rank analysis was performed to estimate survival differences between groups. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted to assess independent risk factors for all-cause mortality. The C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) was the optimal prognostic assessment tool for patients with cancer cachexia, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year predictive powers of 0.650, 0.658, and 0.605, respectively. Patients with a high CAR had significantly lower survival rates than those with a low CAR. Moreover, CAR can differentiate the prognoses of patients with the same pathological stage. Cox proportional risk regression analyses showed that a high CAR was an independent risk factor for cancer cachexia. For every standard deviation increase in CAR, the risk of poor prognosis for patients with cancer cachexia was increased by 20% (hazard ratio = 1.200, 95% confidence interval = 1.132-1.273, P < 0.001). CAR is an effective representative of systemic inflammation and a powerful factor for predicting the life function and clinical outcome of patients with cancer cachexia.

Anesthetic and analgesic techniques and perioperative inflammation may affect the timing of recurrence after complete resection for non-small-cell lung cancer.

IntroductionIt has been widely recognized that both surgery and anesthesia may increase the risk of cancer recurrence by inducing an inflammatory response and immunosuppression in various cancer operations. The present study explored using hazard curves how anesthetic and analgesic techniques regarding the host inflammation status affect the risk of recurrence over time in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Material and MethodsClinicopathological data from patients who underwent complete pulmonary resection with pathological I–IIIB stage NSCLC from 2010 to 2020 were collected. The inflammation-based scores, including the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), and modified GPS (mGPS), were calculated before surgery, and hazard curves indicating the changes in hazards over time were evaluated.ResultsA total of 396 patients were eligible for the analysis. The median follow-up was 42.3 months. In total, 118 patients (29.8%) experienced recurrence, and 66.9% of those occurred within 24 months after surgery. According to the multivariate Cox regression analysis, volatile anesthesia (VA) (hazard ratio [HR], 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–2.71), and elevated CAR (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.18–2.99) were associated with a worse recurrence-free survival. The resulting hazard curve revealed that a delayed peak of recurrence was present in patients with a low CAR in the VA group and in those with intravenous flurbiprofen axetil administration in the propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia group (30 and 24 months after surgery, respectively).DiscussionChoosing anesthetic and analgesic techniques while taking inflammation-based scores into account may be useful for reducing the risk of and/or delaying recurrence in patients undergoing resection for NSCLC.

C-Reactive Protein-to-Albumin Ratio as an Early Biomarker to Identify Sepsis in Neonates with Pneumonia.

Objectives Neonates with pneumonia often also have sepsis, and the identifying sepsis from pneumonia may be a challenge for clinicians. However, there are no available data regarding the clinical value C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) in identifying sepsis in neonates with pneumonia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of CAR in identifying sepsis in neonates with pneumonia. Methods 847 neonates with pneumonia were included in this study, of which 511 neonates were diagnosed with sepsis. Neonates were divided into the sepsis group and the nonsepsis group. All neonates underwent extensive and necessary clinical and laboratory tests. CAR was calculated as serum C-reactive protein (ng/ml)/albumin (mg/ml). All statistical analyses were performed using the statistical package SPSS 24.0, as appropriate. Results Compared with the nonsepsis group, neonates with sepsis have a higher CAR (P < 0.001). Further analysis showed that the prevalence of neonates with sepsis increased significantly from 41.0% in the low CAR group (CAR ≤ 0.024 × 10−3) to 80.0% in the high CAR group (CAR > 0.024 × 10−3) (P < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that there was a strong positive correlation between CAR and PCT (r = 0.452, P < 0.001), nSOFA (r = 0.267, P < 0.001), and the prolonged length of hospital stay (r = 0.311, P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression showed that CAR was an independent risk factor for the presence of sepsis in neonates with pneumonia. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that CAR had adequate discriminatory power in predicting sepsis in neonates with pneumonia (area under curve (AUC) = 0.76, 95% CI 0.73-0.79, P < 0.001). Conclusions CAR can be used as a new marker to identify sepsis in neonates with pneumonia.

Clinical impact of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio of the 7th postoperative day on prognosis after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.

C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) has been utilized as a prognostic factor in various carcinomas. We investigated the relationship between preoperative, postoperative day (POD) 1, and POD 7 CARs and the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Three hundred twenty patients with CRC who underwent laparoscopic radical resection between May 2011 and December 2016 were enrolled. Patients were selected into 2 groups, high CAR and low CAR (n=72/group), based on preoperative, POD 1, and POD 7 CARs. The relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between groups using propensity score matching. The high CAR group had a significantly worse RFS (P<0.001) and OS (P=0.002) at POD 7 than those in the low CAR group. However, in preoperative and POD 1 analysis, no differences were observed. In patients with CRC, CAR of POD 7 was a significant prognostic factor.

C-reactive protein to albumin ratio predicts survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenvatinib

We investigated the impact of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) on predicting outcomes in 522 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with lenvatinib. We determined the optimal CAR cutoff value with time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Additionally, we clarified the relationship between CAR and liver function or HCC progression. Median overall survival was 20.0 (95% confidence interval (CI), 17.2–22.6) months. The optimal CAR cutoff value was determined to be 0.108. Multivariate analysis showed that high CAR (≥ 0.108) (hazard ratio (HR), 1.915; 95% CI, 1.495–2.452), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 1 (HR, 1.429), and α-fetoprotein ≥ 400 ng/mL (HR, 1.604) were independently associated with overall survival. Cumulative overall survival differed significantly between patients with low versus high CAR (p < 0.001). Median progression-free survival was 7.5 (95% CI, 6.7–8.1) months. Multivariate analysis showed that age, CAR ≥ 0.108 (HR, 1.644; 95% CI, 1.324–2.043), and non-hepatitis B, non-hepatitis C etiology (HR, 0.726) were independently associated with progression-free survival. Cumulative progression-free survival differed significantly between patients with low versus high CAR (p < 0.001). CAR values were significantly higher as Japan Integrated Staging score increased (p < 0.001). In conclusion, CAR can predict outcomes in patients with unresectable HCC treated with lenvatinib.

C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) in predicting surgical site infection (SSI) following instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF).

Identification of novel markers would contribute to the individualised risk assessment and development of a risk prediction model. This study aimed to investigate the role of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) in predicting surgical site infection (SSI) following instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) of lumbar degenerative diseases. This study enrolled patients who underwent PLIF and instrumentation for treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases between 2015 and 2020. Electronic medical records were inquired for data collection, with follow-up register for identifying SSI cases. The optimal cut-off for CAR was determined by constructing the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Patients with high- or low-CAR value were compared using the univariate analyses, and the association between CAR and the risk of SSI was investigated using multivariate logistics regression analysis. A total of 905 patients were enrolled, twenty-nine (3.2%) had developed an SSI with 72.4% occurring during index hospitalisation, and 11 (1.2%) had deep and 18 (2.0%) superficial SSIs. An SSI was associated with additional 10.7 days of index total hospital stay (P=.001). The CAR was 0-5.43 (median, 0.05), and the optimal cut-off was 0.09 and area under the curve was 0.720 (P < .001). 336 (37.1%) patients had a CAR ≥0.09 and 22 (6.5%) developed an SSI, with a crude risk of 5.6 relative to those with a low CAR. The multivariate analyses showed CAR ≥0.09 was associated with 8.06-fold increased risk of SSI, together with diabetes (P=.018), while hypertension was identified as a protective factor (OR, 0.34; 95%CI, 0.11-1.00, P= .049). High CAR is found to significantly predict the incident SSI following instrumented PLIF of lumbar degenerative diseases, and can be considered as a useful index in practice only after it is verified by future high-level evidences.

A Novel Marker Indicating Restenosis in Superficial Femoral Artery: C Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio

In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin ratio (CAR) for predicting restenosis in superficial femoral artery (SFA) lesions and its association with subsequent clinical outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular intervention. The records of 685 consecutive patients who underwent endovascular intervention due to symptomatic peripheral artery disease were analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups, based on the CAR values. For each group, technical aspects of procedures and subsequent clinical outcomes were analyzed. According to our study, patients with high CAR values had higher rates of restenosis (30.2% vs. 10.3%, P<0.05) and mortality (31.3% vs. 12.9%, P<0.05). The rate of lower extremity amputations was also significantly higher in patients with high CAR values compared to those with low CAR values (9.1% vs. 3%, P<0.05). With respect to Receiver operating characteristic ROC curves of inflammatory markers, the area under the curve (AUC) value of CAR was statistically significant (AUC: 0.659; 95% confidence interval CI:0.611-0.706; P<0.01). Our data showed that CAR is an independent predictor of restenosis and poor clinical outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular intervention.

The C-reactive protein to albumin ratio is a prognostic factor for stage I non-small cell lung cancer in elderly patients: JACS1303.

To establish the prognostic significance of C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin in octogenarians with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on the study of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery (JACS 1303). A total of 618 octogenarians with pathological stage I NSCLC, who underwent pulmonary resection, were included in the analysis. We conducted multivariable Cox regression analysis to evaluate the CRP to albumin ratio (CAR) as a potential prognostic factor. Other clinicopathological factors were also evaluated. The median age was 82years. Operations included lobectomy (n = 388; 62.8%) segmentectomy (n = 95; 15%), and wedge resection (n = 135; 22%). Pathological stage IA was diagnosed in 380 (61.5%) patients. The 3-year (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CS) rates were 86.7% and 94.6%, respectively. OS was significantly higher for patients with low CAR (< 0.106) than for those with high CAR (≥ 0.106) (hazard ratio = 3.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.99-4.93, p < 0.0001). Univariate analysis identified sex, poor performance status, smoking status, comorbidity, solid tumor, histology, high Glasgow prognostic scale, and high CAR as significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis identified only the CAR as a significant prognostic factor for both OS and CS. Our analysis of the nationwide data demonstrated that the CAR is a useful prognostic factor for elderly patients with stage I NSCLC.

Prognostic Impact of Inflammation-Based Scores for Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

Introduction: Although the relationship between systemic inflammatory responses and prognosis has been known in various cancers, it remains unclear which scores are most valuable for determining the prognosis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. We aimed to verify the usefulness of various inflammation-based scores as prognostic factors in patients with resected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: We analyzed consecutive patients undergoing surgical resection for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma at our institution between January 2000 and December 2019. The usefulness of the following inflammation-based scores as prognostic factor was investigated: glasgow prognostic score (GPS), modified GPS, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, prognostic nutrition index, C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR), controlling nutritional status (CONUT), and prognostic index. Results: A total of 169 patients were enrolled in this study. Of the nine scores, CAR and CONUT indicated prognostic value. Furthermore, multivariate analysis for overall survival revealed that high CAR (>0.23) was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio: 1.816, 95% confidence interval: 1.135–2.906, p = 0.0129), along with lymph node metastasis and curability. There was no difference in tumor staging and short-term outcomes between the low CAR (≤0.23) and high CAR groups. Conclusions: CAR was the most valuable prognostic score in patients with resected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

High CRP-Albumin Ratio Predicts Poor Prognosis in Transplant Ineligible Elderly Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Introduction.Older patients aged over 65 with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are often ineligible for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and generally have a poor prognosis. The personalized strategy for appropriate treatment for these patients has not yet been completely established. While C-reactive-protein (CRP) to albumin ratio (CAR) based on serum level of CRP and albumin (Alb) predicts prognosis of patients with hematological malignancies treated with HSCT (Miyashita E, BBMT. 2019), the prognostic significance of this inflammatory and nutritional assessment in transplant-ineligible elderly patients with AML remains to be clarified.Methods.Hokkaido Leukemia Net (HLN) is prospective cohort study collecting AML samples from hospitals of North Japan Hematology Study Group (NJHSG). In this study, we focused on older (≥65 years) patients with newly diagnosed AML treated without HSCT and investigated cytogenetic and molecular abnormality of leukemic cells including FLT3-ITD, NPM1, CEBPA, and KIT. We stratified the patients into favorable, intermediate, and adverse risk group based on NCCN 2017. Based on the result of blood sample test, we assessed CAR [CRP (mg/dL) / Alb (g/dL)] at diagnosis for each patient. Since the median CAR at diagnosis was 0.52 in this cohort, we defined CAR < 0.52 and ≥ 0.52 as CAR low and CAR high, respectively. We evaluated the impacts of NCCN 2017 and CAR on overall survival (OS) in these patients. The study procedures were in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and institutional ethical guidelines, conducted under the auspices of the institutional ethics committee, and approved by the institutional review boards.Results.In total, 197 patients with newly diagnosed AML patients aged 65 or older enrolled in HLN between April 2010 and March 2019. Nine patients undergone HSCT were excluded, and 188 patients were reviewed (Age 65-93, median 72; male 119, female 69). In this cohort, classification based on NCCN 2017 successfully divided the prognosis of the patients for 2-year and 5-year OS [2-year OS; favorable group, 58.1%; intermediate group, 29.4%; adverse group, 12.6%, 5-year OS; favorable group, 33.7%, intermediate group, 8.74%; adverse group, 9.44%, P=0.000079, Figure A]. OS in patients with CAR 0.52 or more was significantly lower than the low score group [2-year OS; CAR low group, 43.4%; CAR high group, 21.5%; 5-year OS; CAR low group, 21.0%; CAR high group, 9.96%, P=0.00013, Figure B]. In a univariate analysis, higher age, adverse group in NCCN 2017, high CAR, and not reached complete remission (CR) after first induction chemotherapy were associated with poor 2-year OS. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that adverse group in NCCN 2017 and high CAR were independently associated with poor 2-year OS (adverse group in NCCN 2017; HR, 1.671; 95% CI, 1.157 to 2.421, P=0.007, high CAR; HR, 1.572; 95% CI, 1.093 to 2.276, P=0.01618; log-rank). Combined with NCCN 2017, while there were no significant prognostic impacts of CAR at diagnosis in patients with favorable or adverse risk groups (Figure C, E), we found that in intermediate risk group the patients with high CAR had poorer prognosis than patients with low CAR [2-year OS; CAR low group, 43.7%; CAR high group, 15.9%, P=0.0000658; Figure D]. Altogether, we demonstrated that high CAR predicts poor prognosis in the transplant-ineligible elderly patients with newly diagnosed AML and improves risk stratification of the patients with NCCN 2017 intermediate risk group.Conclusion.CAR is a simple and easily evaluable parameter for predicting outcomes of transplant-ineligible elderly patients with newly diagnosed AML, independently from NCCN disease risk classification. Moreover, CAR can further stratify the prognosis of patients with NCCN 2017 intermediate risk group and improve the predictive risk stratification for elderly AML patients. [Display omitted] DisclosuresKondo: SANWA KAGAKU KENKYUSHO CO.,LTD.: Consultancy; Astellas Pharma Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria; Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis Pharma KK: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company: Honoraria; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd.: Honoraria. Teshima: Merck Sharp & Dohme: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Pfizer Inc.: Honoraria; Fuji pharma CO.,Ltd: Research Funding; Kyowa Kirin Co.,Ltd.: Honoraria, Research Funding; TEIJIN PHARMA Limited: Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K.: Other; CHUGAI PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.: Research Funding; Astellas Pharma Inc.: Research Funding; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis International AG: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other, Research Funding; Gentium/Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Sanofi S.A.: Research Funding.

Relationship between c-reactive protein to albumin ratio and coronary artery calcium score and CAD-RADS scores with coronary computed tomography angiography.

Background/aimC-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin ratio (CAR) is predictive marker of systemic inflammatory state in atherosclerotic coronary diseases when compared to predictive value of these two markers separately. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between CAR and the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) score in patients’ unknown diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent coronary CTA (Computed Tomography Angiography) and were classified by CAD-RADS scores. Materials and methods A total of 187 patients consecutively referred for the evaluation of their chest pain underwent coronary CTA were included retrospectively. Results CRP, CAR, and CAD-RADS scores were higher in patients with CAC score > 400 than the other groups (p < 0.001). We found positive correlation between CAR and CAC score (r= 0.384, p < 0.001), and also there was a positive correlation between CAR and CAD-RADS score (r= 0.462, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), CAD-RADS score, and CAR were independent predictors of CAC score (p < 0.05). Conclusion Higher CAR can be a predictive marker of atherosclerosis and CAD. CAR may be useful in the management of patients before invasive coronary angiography. Further studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiologic role of CAR in patients with atherosclerotic coronary heart diease.

Novel Model to Predict the Prognosis of Patients with Stage II-III Colon Cancer.

Different opinions exist on the relationship between the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) and the prognosis of colon cancer. This study is aimed at evaluating the relationship between CAR and prognosis of stage II–III colon cancer and establishing a clinical prognosis model. Patients were randomised to a training set (566 cases) and validation set (110 cases). The relationship between CAR and clinicopathological variables was calculated, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyse the overall survival (OS) rate of colon cancer. In the training set, colon cancer independent risk factors were included in the prognosis model and then tested in the validation set. The accuracy and discrimination of the model were assessed using the C-index and calibration curves. Compared with patients with low CAR, patients with high CAR showed significantly poorer survival (P = 0.020). In the multivariate analysis, CAR, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), lymph node metastasis, operation mode, and perineural invasion were identified as independent prognostic indicators and adopted to establish the prediction model. The C-index of the nomogram for predicting OS reached 0.751 in the training set and 0.719 in the validation set. The calibration curve exhibited good consistency. In the present study, the CAR may be an independent prognostic factor for stage II–III colon cancer, and the nomogram has a certain predictive value. However, further prospective large-sample research needs to be conducted to validate our findings.