Low Aspirations Research Articles

Desire for Parenthood in Context of Other Life Aspirations Among Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Young Adults.

Research has established that sexual minority young adults generally report fewer desires and fewer expectations for parenthood than do their heterosexual peers. Little is known, however, about other desires and expectations. Is parenthood the only domain in which lesbian and gay individuals report fewer desires and expectations than their heterosexual peers? Or do lower aspirations among lesbian and gay adults about parenthood also occur in other domains, such as marriage and work? In this study, we explored a variety of desires and expectations for the future among lesbian, gay, and heterosexual young adults. Participants for this internet survey were recruited via social media, and included 368 childless cisgender young adults (211 lesbian or gay and 157 heterosexual) living in the United States. There were three main findings. First, while lesbian/gay individuals were less likely than heterosexual participants to express desire for parenthood, desires in the other future domains did not vary across sexual orientation. Lesbian/gay participants were as likely as heterosexual individuals to desire marriage, friendships, and community connections, as well as career and economic success. Results for expectations were, however, very different. Lesbian/gay participants were less likely than heterosexual individuals to expect that they would marry, become parents, feel connected to a community, achieve meaningful careers, live in their ideal housing, or that they would attain financial stability. Thus, although desires were largely unrelated to sexual orientation, many expectations were strongly linked to it. Lesbian and gay individuals were also far more likely than their heterosexual peers to desire future goals that they did not expect to achieve. Overall, for lesbian/gay young adults, low parenthood aspirations were part of a general pattern of low expectations (though not reduced desires) across a number of life domains.

Adolescents' Future Aspirations and Expectations in the Context of a Shifting Rural Economy.

Adolescents' future aspirations and expectations influence the decisions they make as they transition into adulthood. However, less is known about how specific sociocultural factors interact with the formation of future aspirations and expectations and their association with goal attainment in emerging adulthood. The present study begins to fill this gap by using person-centered analysis with high school students (N = 517; 53% female; 92% white) from a rural county undergoing significant economic transition. Its aim was to identify future orientation profiles based on adolescent-reported future aspirations and expectations for success in both education and career. Four latent profiles were identified and labeled: universally high aspirations and expectations; low college aspirations and expectations; lower aspirations than expectations; and universally low aspirations and expectations. Significant gender differences were found. High school males were less likely to be in the universally high profile and more likely to be in the universally low and low college aspirations and expectations profiles. Future orientation profile placement was associated with differences in adolescent experiences in family, school, and community contexts as well as their work and education status and future residential aspirations in emerging adulthood. The findings inform future research and applied efforts focused on rural youth's preparation for adult roles, and on retaining rural youth, a necessity for the vitality of rural communities.

Priced out: the renegotiation of aspirations and individualized HE ‘choices’ in England.

ABSTRACTOfficial policy texts in England have long assumed that students make their Higher Education choices in an individualized, rational and context-free manner. Under the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition government (2010–2015), a greater emphasis was placed on accomplishing higher levels of widening participation in elite institutions. Those who do not progress to such institutions, or to HE at all, are presented as having ‘low aspirations’. Using data from an ESRC funded narrative inquiry of socioeconomically underrepresented Further Education students’ HE decision-making and choices, I demonstrate how they aspired highly while initially showing competitive and individualized choice strategies. However, financial constraints led to the renegotiation of their aspirations over time, leading them to compromise for ‘reasonable’ rather than ‘preferred’ HE options. Subsequently, this had negative impacts upon the participants’ subjectivities. The article provides support for arguments against current individualized conceptualizations of ‘aspiration’ presented by policy, and proposes approaches to move away from this.

The Relationship between Educational Aspirations and Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) Performance in Mombasa County, Kenya

The Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) performance plays an important role in determining the educational pathway of students. This examination is done in Kenya at the end of four years of secondary schooling. Those who excel are able to join institutions of higher learning and become valuable human resource who are able to play their rightful role in nation building. The declining level of KCSE performance in Mombasa County is a cause for concern among education stakeholders; the study therefore sought to address this concern by finding out if there is a relationship between educational aspiration and KCSE performance. The study was carried out in Mombasa County. Mombasa County is located in the southeastern part of the coast region of Kenya. It is the economic hub not only of the coastal region but also of the entire nation because it is the gateway to East Africa. Educational aspiration is expressing a desire to achieve in the academic domain. High educational aspiration in this study is when students show a desire to achieve in school academic performance and strive for progression whereas low educational aspiration indicates that a student shows no desire to achieve in school academic performance and progression for higher education. Education Aspiration level was measured by using educational aspiration Likert scale. The study adopted correlation research design and exploratory research design. It was conducted in Mombasa in all the six sub counties namely Mvita, Kisauni, Nyali, Jomvu, Changamwe and Likoni. The target population had 8648 form four students in 126 secondary schools, 126 academic Masters and Mistresses and six sub county Directors of education. Purposive sampling was used to select 864 students 21 academic Masters/Mistresses and six sub county Directors of Education. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to divide the student population to private and public. The two categories were further stratified to sub groups that included; boys' day schools, girls' day schools, boys' boarding schools, girls' boarding schools, mixed day schools and mixed boarding schools. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Quantitative data was analyzed with aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 20 and qualitative data applied thematic analysis Results from correlation analysis on the relationship between educational aspiration and KCSE performance (r=0.404, N=864. p<0.001) illustrates a positive and significant relationship between educational aspiration and students KCSE performance

The effects of barium concentration levels on the pulmonary inflammatory response in a rat model of aspiration.

Barium sulfate (Ba) suspension is the most widely used contrast agent for upper gastrointestinal and videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS). The effect of Ba concentration on lung injury is uncertain. The aims of this study were to explore the effects of different barium concentrations on the respiratory organs and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these effects in an established animal model of aspiration. Animal model study. Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into three groups (n = 12, each group). Two groups underwent tracheal instillation of low (30%w/v) and high (60%w/v) concentration Ba (low-Ba, high-Ba). A control group was instilled with saline. Half of the animals were euthanized on day 2 and the remaining half were euthanized on day 30. Histological and gene analyses were performed. Both low-Ba and high-Ba aspiration caused inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung at 2days post aspiration with an increase in the expression of inflammatory cytokines. At 30days post aspiration, small quantities of barium particles remained in the lung of the low-Ba group without any inflammatory reaction. Chronic inflammation was recognized in the high-Ba group up to 30days post aspiration. A small amount of high concentration Ba (60%w/v) caused sustained inflammation in the rat lung at least 30days after aspiration. Even with a small amount of low concentration Ba aspiration (30%w/v), Ba particles can remain in the lung over a month, causing sustained late effects.

Keefektifan Teknik Modeling Berbasis Sinema Edukasi untuk Meningkatkan Efikasi Diri Akademik Siswa SMP

Phenomenon Students with low academic self-efficacy tend to avoid difficult tasks, because the task is considered a threat to him. Students have low aspirations and commitment in achieving the learning goals they set. When faced with difficult tasks, student is busy thinking about the deficiencies that exist in him, the disturbances he faces, and all the results that can be detrimental. When faced with difficult tasks, students with low self-efficacy will reduce their efforts and tend to give up quickly and slow to fix or regain their self-efficacy when experiencing failure. So we need a technique to reduce these rights, one of which is the application of modeling techniques based on cinema of educational. This study aims to determine the effectiveness modeling techniques based on cinema of educational to improve students' academic self-efficacy. This research method uses an experimental research approach with the type of one group pretest-posttest design. The conclusion of the study showed that the Paired Samples Test score was 0.026 <0.05. These results can be concluded that modeling techniques based on cinema of educational are effective for increasing the academic self-efficacy of junior high school students.

MON-082 Symptomatic Icodextrin Right Pleural Effusion From Suspected Pleuro-peritoneal Communication: The Utility of Simultaneous Biochemical Fingerprint Analysis of Drained Pleural Fluid and Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

Symptomatic pleural effusion secondary to pleuro-peritoneal communication in patients on peritoneal dialysis occurs in about 2% of patients on CAPD. The classic presentation is that of a low protein high-glucose pleural aspirate consistent with the high dextrose concentrations present in standard PD fluids, hence, the name, “sweet hydrothorax”. Nevertheless, the increasing use of Icodextrin calls for an innovative bedside diagnostic approach since Icodextrin does not contain high concentrations of dextrose after all.

Students in Goa: Social Lives, Schooling, School Orientations and Aspirations

An ethnographic description of teaching and learning in schools where pupils from low social classes study is presented in this article. It explains how pupils in Goa who reach the end of secondary school are not assimilated in the school’s middle-class ethos but modify, negotiate and, to an extent interpret and accommodate it in their own way. Students’ social lives, scholastic careers, future aspirations and orientations in school are analysed. But this article is not just about social origins and destinations. Sociological studies that establish correlations between working class positions and low scholastic achievement and low aspirations are well known. This submission attempts to take the argument forward. Prolonged exposure to the lives they lead and poor scholastic achievements in school reinforce each other to abbreviate a students’ school career. There is a continuous interplay between subjective experiences and objective class futures. The inclusion of a pupils’ perspective and orientation in school enriches this sociological analysis.

Roles of mutation rate and co-existence of multiple strategy updating rules in evolutionary prisoner's dilemma games

The emergence and maintenance of cooperation has attracted intensive scholarly interest and has been analysed within the framework of evolutionary game theory. The role of innovation, which introduces novel strategies into the population, is a relatively understudied aspect of evolutionary game theory. Here, we investigate the effects of two sources of innovation —mutation and heterogeneous updating rules. These mechanisms allow agents to adopt strategies that do not rely on the imitation of other individuals. The model introduces —in addition to canonical imitation-based strategy updating—aspiration-based updating, whereby agents switch their strategy by referring solely to the performance of their own strategy; mutation also introduces novel strategies into the population. Our simulation results show that the introduction of aspiration-based rules into a population of imitators leads to the deterioration of cooperation. In addition, mutation, in combination with heterogeneous updating rules, also diminishes cooperators. This phenomenon is prominent when a large proportion of the population consists of imitators rather than adopters of aspiration-based updating. Nevertheless, a high mutation rate, in combination with a low aspiration level, has positive nonlinear effects, and a heterogeneous population achieves a higher level of cooperation than the weighted average of homogeneous populations. Our results demonstrate the profound role of innovation in the evolution of cooperation.

Development of Swallowing-Movement-Sensing Device and Swallowing-State-Estimation System

In elderly nursing care, various food-related problems, such as low nutrition, dehydration, binge eating, aspiration, and suffocation, arise. To prevent such problems, caregivers must continuously monitor elderly patients' swallowing of food/water, which is burdensome. Hence, a monitoring system that can automatically estimate whether an elderly patient has swallowed food, water, or a highly viscous bolus is required. In this paper, we propose a sensing device based on the bi-directional electret condenser microphone that measures vibrations due to swallowing, along with an estimation system that estimates elderly swallowing behavior utilizing the developed sensing device. To verify the validity of the proposed method, we perform verification experiments with four swallowing states f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> corresponding to swallowing of nothing, tea, tea with thickener, and rice cake, respectively. The proposed method is validated based on the estimation of f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> , and the accuracies of 0.99, 0.81, 0.84, and 0.91, respectively, are achieved. Therefore, this technique can be feasibly applied in elderly nursing care.

An Integrated Next-Generation Sequencing System for Analyzing DNA Mutations, Gene Fusions, and RNA Expression in Lung Cancer

We developed and characterized a next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology for streamlined analysis of DNA and RNA using low-input, low-quality cancer specimens. A single-workflow, targeted NGS panel for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was designed covering 135 RNA and 55 DNA disease-relevant targets. This multiomic panel was used to assess 219 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded NSCLC surgical resections and core needle biopsies. Mutations and expression phenotypes were identified consistent with previous large-scale genomic studies, including mutually exclusive DNA and RNA oncogenic driver events. Evaluation of a second cohort of low cell count fine-needle aspirate smears from the BATTLE-2 trial yielded 97% agreement with an independent, validated NGS panel that was used with matched surgical specimens. Collectively, our data indicate that broad, clinically actionable insights that previously required independent assays, workflows, and analyses to assess both DNA and RNA can be conjoined in a first-tier, highly multiplexed NGS test, thereby providing faster, simpler, and more economical results.

Understanding aspirations in tourism students

Tourism education is frequently challenged with lower quality student intake, disjointed engagement, and poorer academic performance leading to uncertain career aspirations. Low aspirations tend to predominate among tourism students, with many having little interest in the industry as a long-term career option. This, in turn, affects employer perceptions and graduate employability. We use capability and uncertainty theory in this qualitative study to understand the aspirations, employment perceptions, barriers, and expectations of graduate students of a tourism programme at a post-92 British university. We find marked differences in aspirations and in clarity and appreciation of opportunities within the sample and suggest suitable recommendations that can lead to greater engagement with the tourism industry and long-term employability.

FUNGSI CERITA RAKYATSABUK BIDADARI DALAM MASYARAKAT SUKU SASAK

This study explores the oral story of the Sasak tribe “The Angel Belt”. As a literary work, especially oral literature or Sasak stories this study posed that Sasak literary works not only function as an entertainment, or bedtime, but it leads to the low public aspiration of the region’s literature. The research questions of this study were what functions are identified in the folk tales of Angel Belt in Sasak society in Bujak village Batukliang sub-district? This research constituted a descriptive qualitative which described the existence of functions and seen in the story, behavior character, and motivation or action in the role of each character in a story. The analysis began with the determination of informants, data collection data analysis then draw a conclusion. The results show that in the story “Angel Belt” contained the function as follows: a) as a projection system, namely collective reflection tools, b) as a means of consolation, c) as an educational tool, d) as a tool of criticism.

The Impact of Islamic-Based Career Information Service to Improve Students Career Aspirations

This study was based on the low career aspirations of the students' at senior high school of Muhammadiyah 1 Magelang, Indonesia and the lack of Islamic approach to improving career aspirations. Many students who did not have a career goal after graduating from high school. Otherwise, guidance and Counseling Teachers still use conventional career information services. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of information services based on Islamic approach in improving career aspirations of students at Senior High School of Muhammadiyah 1 Magelang. The type of this research was quasi-experiment research with pretest design and posttest group design. The student population of the tenth class was 240 students, and the sample (purposive sampling) was 30 students. Data collecting tool in this research was the career aspirations of the student. The result of this research showed there was an improvement of the career aspirations of the student after receiving a career information service based on Islam intervention. This result indicated that career information service based on Islam is effective in improving student career aspirations.

Changes in students' psychological well-being during transition from primary school to lower secondary school: A person-centered approach

This person-centered study examined the patterns and the dynamics of pattern change based on 1666 Finnish students' self-reported psychological well-being during the transition from primary school to lower secondary school. Moreover, we examined the stability in the profile memberships and the influence of changes in perceived support from teachers, families, and peers on changes in students' psychological well-being. Six student profiles were identified using the I-states-as-objects-analysis (ISOA) procedure: (a) High well-being profile; (b) Average well-being but low educational aspirations profile; (c) Low well-being profile; (d) Low well-being but high educational aspirations profile; (e) Low well-being but average self-esteem profile; and (f) Average well-being but high educational aspirations profile. Students' psychological profiles changed more often from lower well-being to higher well-being, rather than the other way round, indicating a tendency for improved well-being. Changes in peer support was the most robust variable to explain changes in profile membership.

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Objective: Identify the dysphagia degree in people affected by a stroke. Method: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study dev eloped at a medical service at the Algarve University Hospital during a period of 10 weeks, from October to December 2017, involving 20 people with stroke. The instruments used were the Glasgow Comas scales and Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS), always applied by the same nurse. A descriptive analysis was used. Results: From the evaluation with the GUSS Scale, 50.0% of the patients had absent dysphagia with minimal risk of aspiration, 10.0% presented slight dysphagia with low aspiration risk and the rest showed moderate and severe dysphagia, with a higher risk of aspiration. Conclusions: The intervention of the Rehabilitation nurse proved to be a determinant factor in the early diagnosis of swallowing and, therefore, in the prevention of complications associated with dysphagia, in order to promote swallowing in safety. Key words: Stroke; rehabilitation nursing; swallowing disorders.

Hopelessness and Delinquent Behavior as Predictors of Community Violence Exposure in Ethnic Minority Male Adolescent Offenders.

Justice-involved boys from urban communities are disproportionately impacted by community violence exposure (ECV) and despite decades of research, rates of ECV in youth continue to increase particularly for youth involved in the juvenile justice system. Despite the increased risk of exposure, the majority of research focuses on what may protect youth from the deleterious outcomes associated with violence exposure, rather than strategies that may prevent the violence exposure from occurring. The current study seeks to shift the focus of research in this area to examining factors that may predict future violence exposure. Specifically, the purpose of the current study is to examine the role of hopelessness as a predictor of the risk for violence exposure in a sample of 831 justice-involved, urban boys ages 14-18 (52.2% African American, 42.1% Hispanic, 5.7% other). Results revealed that baseline levels of low aspirations and hopelessness towards the future indirectly predicted violence exposure 1 year later through engagement in delinquent behavior. Clinical implications for targeting youth with elevated risk and preventing future violence exposure are discussed.

Impact of the Perception of Work and Professional Aspirations on the Involvement of Medical Staff at Cocody University Hospital (Abidjan)

Based on the theories of social representations and expectations, this study analyzes the factors influencing the involvement in the work of the medical personnel and more particularly the midwives of the Cocody Hospital. Following a survey of 80 midwives using a questionnaire, those with a favorable perception of work are more involved in work than their counterparts who have an unfavorable perception. Similarly, midwives who nurture a strong occupational aspiration are also more involved in performing their function compared to their pairs who develop rather a low occupational aspiration.

Predictors for achieving oral intake in older patients with aspiration pneumonia: Videofluoroscopic evaluation of swallowing function.

Pneumonia is a common disease that is often fatal, particularly in older persons. Dysphagia is known to be closely associated with aspiration pneumonia, and hospitalized patients with aspiration pneumonia often have difficulty with oral intake. However, the relationship between acquisition of oral intake and detailed swallowing data has not been explored. The purpose of the present study was to examine the predictors, including videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluation, for achieving oral intake in older patients with aspiration pneumonia. This study included older patients, aged ≥65 years, who were admitted to Kawasaki Municipal Hospital (Kawasaki, Japan) from April 2012 through March 2014 as a result of aspiration pneumonia. Factors likely related to oral intake, including swallowing, nutritional, metabolic, and functional status, pneumonia severity and comorbidities were extracted from the medical records. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify independent predictors for acquisition of oral intake. A total of 160 patients were assigned to either the "oral intake" group (n = 104) or the "non-oral intake" group (n = 56). Multiple regression analysis showed that a low penetration aspiration scale on videofluoroscopy using 3 mL of moderately thick liquid water with tilting 30-60°, high albumin values, short duration of non-oral intake and a high Food Intake Level Scale score before admission were significantly associated with achievement of oral intake. Aspiration on videofluoroscopy, swallowing status before admission, nutritional status and duration of non-oral intake are important factors for acquiring oral intake. These results might be helpful for the management of older patients with aspiration pneumonia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1469-1473.

Effects of spray drying process conditions on the quality properties of microencapsulated cream powder

Effects of spray drying conditions including inlet drying temperature (150, 170 or 190 °C), feed flow rate (9.0, 19.5 or 30 mL min−1), and aspiration rate (50, 75 or 100%) on the composition, water activity, reconstitution, density, colour, morphology, surface fat and free fatty acid content of microencapsulated cream powder were evaluated. The variation in the wettability, bulk and tapped densities, surface fat and volatile fatty acid contents of the powders showed similar tendencies with the spray drying parameters. In contrast, moisture content, fat content, water activity, solubility, and colour properties were not influenced by the processing conditions. High inlet drying temperature, low or high aspiration rates, and high feed flow rate caused undesirable powder properties. According to the results, processing conditions that cause high drying rates should not be applied for production of a high-quality microencapsulated cream powder.